luau/CodeGen/src/Fallbacks.cpp

// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
// This code is based on Lua 5.x implementation licensed under MIT License; see lua_LICENSE.txt for details
// This file was generated by 'tools/lvmexecute_split.py' script, do not modify it by hand
#include "Fallbacks.h"
#include "FallbacksProlog.h"

const Instruction* execute_LOP_NOP(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    LUAU_ASSERT(insn == 0);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_LOADNIL(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    setnilvalue(ra);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_LOADB(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    setbvalue(ra, LUAU_INSN_B(insn));

    pc += LUAU_INSN_C(insn);
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_LOADN(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    setnvalue(ra, LUAU_INSN_D(insn));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_LOADK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_D(insn));

    setobj2s(L, ra, kv);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_MOVE(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));

    setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_GETGLOBAL(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    uint32_t aux = *pc++;
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(aux);
    LUAU_ASSERT(ttisstring(kv));

    // fast-path: value is in expected slot
    Table* h = cl->env;
    int slot = LUAU_INSN_C(insn) & h->nodemask8;
    LuaNode* n = &h->node[slot];

    if (LUAU_LIKELY(ttisstring(gkey(n)) && tsvalue(gkey(n)) == tsvalue(kv)) && !ttisnil(gval(n)))
    {
        setobj2s(L, ra, gval(n));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // slow-path, may invoke Lua calls via __index metamethod
        TValue g;
        sethvalue(L, &g, h);
        L->cachedslot = slot;
        VM_PROTECT(luaV_gettable(L, &g, kv, ra));
        // save cachedslot to accelerate future lookups; patches currently executing instruction since pc-2 rolls back two pc++
        VM_PATCH_C(pc - 2, L->cachedslot);
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_SETGLOBAL(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    uint32_t aux = *pc++;
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(aux);
    LUAU_ASSERT(ttisstring(kv));

    // fast-path: value is in expected slot
    Table* h = cl->env;
    int slot = LUAU_INSN_C(insn) & h->nodemask8;
    LuaNode* n = &h->node[slot];

    if (LUAU_LIKELY(ttisstring(gkey(n)) && tsvalue(gkey(n)) == tsvalue(kv) && !ttisnil(gval(n)) && !h->readonly))
    {
        setobj2t(L, gval(n), ra);
        luaC_barriert(L, h, ra);
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // slow-path, may invoke Lua calls via __newindex metamethod
        TValue g;
        sethvalue(L, &g, h);
        L->cachedslot = slot;
        VM_PROTECT(luaV_settable(L, &g, kv, ra));
        // save cachedslot to accelerate future lookups; patches currently executing instruction since pc-2 rolls back two pc++
        VM_PATCH_C(pc - 2, L->cachedslot);
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_GETUPVAL(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    TValue* ur = VM_UV(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    TValue* v = ttisupval(ur) ? upvalue(ur)->v : ur;

    setobj2s(L, ra, v);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_SETUPVAL(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    TValue* ur = VM_UV(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    UpVal* uv = upvalue(ur);

    setobj(L, uv->v, ra);
    luaC_barrier(L, uv, ra);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_CLOSEUPVALS(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    if (L->openupval && L->openupval->v >= ra)
        luaF_close(L, ra);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_GETIMPORT(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_D(insn));

    // fast-path: import resolution was successful and closure environment is "safe" for import
    if (!ttisnil(kv) && cl->env->safeenv)
    {
        setobj2s(L, ra, kv);
        pc++; // skip over AUX
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        uint32_t aux = *pc++;

        VM_PROTECT(luaV_getimport(L, cl->env, k, aux, /* propagatenil= */ false));
        ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn)); // previous call may change the stack

        setobj2s(L, ra, L->top - 1);
        L->top--;
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_GETTABLEKS(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    uint32_t aux = *pc++;
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(aux);
    LUAU_ASSERT(ttisstring(kv));

    // fast-path: built-in table
    if (ttistable(rb))
    {
        Table* h = hvalue(rb);

        int slot = LUAU_INSN_C(insn) & h->nodemask8;
        LuaNode* n = &h->node[slot];

        // fast-path: value is in expected slot
        if (LUAU_LIKELY(ttisstring(gkey(n)) && tsvalue(gkey(n)) == tsvalue(kv) && !ttisnil(gval(n))))
        {
            setobj2s(L, ra, gval(n));
            return pc;
        }
        else if (!h->metatable)
        {
            // fast-path: value is not in expected slot, but the table lookup doesn't involve metatable
            const TValue* res = luaH_getstr(h, tsvalue(kv));

            if (res != luaO_nilobject)
            {
                int cachedslot = gval2slot(h, res);
                // save cachedslot to accelerate future lookups; patches currently executing instruction since pc-2 rolls back two pc++
                VM_PATCH_C(pc - 2, cachedslot);
            }

            setobj2s(L, ra, res);
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path, may invoke Lua calls via __index metamethod
            L->cachedslot = slot;
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_gettable(L, rb, kv, ra));
            // save cachedslot to accelerate future lookups; patches currently executing instruction since pc-2 rolls back two pc++
            VM_PATCH_C(pc - 2, L->cachedslot);
            return pc;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // fast-path: user data with C __index TM
        const TValue* fn = 0;
        if (ttisuserdata(rb) && (fn = fasttm(L, uvalue(rb)->metatable, TM_INDEX)) && ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
        {
            // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
            LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 3 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
            StkId top = L->top;
            setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
            setobj2s(L, top + 1, rb);
            setobj2s(L, top + 2, kv);
            L->top = top + 3;

            L->cachedslot = LUAU_INSN_C(insn);
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 2, LUAU_INSN_A(insn)));
            // save cachedslot to accelerate future lookups; patches currently executing instruction since pc-2 rolls back two pc++
            VM_PATCH_C(pc - 2, L->cachedslot);
            return pc;
        }
        else if (ttisvector(rb))
        {
            // fast-path: quick case-insensitive comparison with "X"/"Y"/"Z"
            const char* name = getstr(tsvalue(kv));
            int ic = (name[0] | ' ') - 'x';

#if LUA_VECTOR_SIZE == 4
            // 'w' is before 'x' in ascii, so ic is -1 when indexing with 'w'
            if (ic == -1)
                ic = 3;
#endif

            if (unsigned(ic) < LUA_VECTOR_SIZE && name[1] == '\0')
            {
                const float* v = rb->value.v; // silences ubsan when indexing v[]
                setnvalue(ra, v[ic]);
                return pc;
            }

            fn = fasttm(L, L->global->mt[LUA_TVECTOR], TM_INDEX);

            if (fn && ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
            {
                // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
                LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 3 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
                StkId top = L->top;
                setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
                setobj2s(L, top + 1, rb);
                setobj2s(L, top + 2, kv);
                L->top = top + 3;

                L->cachedslot = LUAU_INSN_C(insn);
                VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 2, LUAU_INSN_A(insn)));
                // save cachedslot to accelerate future lookups; patches currently executing instruction since pc-2 rolls back two pc++
                VM_PATCH_C(pc - 2, L->cachedslot);
                return pc;
            }

            // fall through to slow path
        }

        // fall through to slow path
    }

    // slow-path, may invoke Lua calls via __index metamethod
    VM_PROTECT(luaV_gettable(L, rb, kv, ra));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_SETTABLEKS(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    uint32_t aux = *pc++;
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(aux);
    LUAU_ASSERT(ttisstring(kv));

    // fast-path: built-in table
    if (ttistable(rb))
    {
        Table* h = hvalue(rb);

        int slot = LUAU_INSN_C(insn) & h->nodemask8;
        LuaNode* n = &h->node[slot];

        // fast-path: value is in expected slot
        if (LUAU_LIKELY(ttisstring(gkey(n)) && tsvalue(gkey(n)) == tsvalue(kv) && !ttisnil(gval(n)) && !h->readonly))
        {
            setobj2t(L, gval(n), ra);
            luaC_barriert(L, h, ra);
            return pc;
        }
        else if (fastnotm(h->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX) && !h->readonly)
        {
            VM_PROTECT_PC(); // set may fail

            TValue* res = luaH_setstr(L, h, tsvalue(kv));
            int cachedslot = gval2slot(h, res);
            // save cachedslot to accelerate future lookups; patches currently executing instruction since pc-2 rolls back two pc++
            VM_PATCH_C(pc - 2, cachedslot);
            setobj2t(L, res, ra);
            luaC_barriert(L, h, ra);
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path, may invoke Lua calls via __newindex metamethod
            L->cachedslot = slot;
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_settable(L, rb, kv, ra));
            // save cachedslot to accelerate future lookups; patches currently executing instruction since pc-2 rolls back two pc++
            VM_PATCH_C(pc - 2, L->cachedslot);
            return pc;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // fast-path: user data with C __newindex TM
        const TValue* fn = 0;
        if (ttisuserdata(rb) && (fn = fasttm(L, uvalue(rb)->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX)) && ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
        {
            // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
            LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 4 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
            StkId top = L->top;
            setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
            setobj2s(L, top + 1, rb);
            setobj2s(L, top + 2, kv);
            setobj2s(L, top + 3, ra);
            L->top = top + 4;

            L->cachedslot = LUAU_INSN_C(insn);
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 3, -1));
            // save cachedslot to accelerate future lookups; patches currently executing instruction since pc-2 rolls back two pc++
            VM_PATCH_C(pc - 2, L->cachedslot);
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path, may invoke Lua calls via __newindex metamethod
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_settable(L, rb, kv, ra));
            return pc;
        }
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_GETTABLE(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    StkId rc = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path: array lookup
    if (ttistable(rb) && ttisnumber(rc))
    {
        Table* h = hvalue(rb);

        double indexd = nvalue(rc);
        int index = int(indexd);

        // index has to be an exact integer and in-bounds for the array portion
        if (LUAU_LIKELY(unsigned(index - 1) < unsigned(h->sizearray) && !h->metatable && double(index) == indexd))
        {
            setobj2s(L, ra, &h->array[unsigned(index - 1)]);
            return pc;
        }

        // fall through to slow path
    }

    // slow-path: handles out of bounds array lookups, non-integer numeric keys, non-array table lookup, __index MT calls
    VM_PROTECT(luaV_gettable(L, rb, rc, ra));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_SETTABLE(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    StkId rc = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path: array assign
    if (ttistable(rb) && ttisnumber(rc))
    {
        Table* h = hvalue(rb);

        double indexd = nvalue(rc);
        int index = int(indexd);

        // index has to be an exact integer and in-bounds for the array portion
        if (LUAU_LIKELY(unsigned(index - 1) < unsigned(h->sizearray) && !h->metatable && !h->readonly && double(index) == indexd))
        {
            setobj2t(L, &h->array[unsigned(index - 1)], ra);
            luaC_barriert(L, h, ra);
            return pc;
        }

        // fall through to slow path
    }

    // slow-path: handles out of bounds array assignments, non-integer numeric keys, non-array table access, __newindex MT calls
    VM_PROTECT(luaV_settable(L, rb, rc, ra));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_GETTABLEN(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    int c = LUAU_INSN_C(insn);

    // fast-path: array lookup
    if (ttistable(rb))
    {
        Table* h = hvalue(rb);

        if (LUAU_LIKELY(unsigned(c) < unsigned(h->sizearray) && !h->metatable))
        {
            setobj2s(L, ra, &h->array[c]);
            return pc;
        }

        // fall through to slow path
    }

    // slow-path: handles out of bounds array lookups
    TValue n;
    setnvalue(&n, c + 1);
    VM_PROTECT(luaV_gettable(L, rb, &n, ra));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_SETTABLEN(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    int c = LUAU_INSN_C(insn);

    // fast-path: array assign
    if (ttistable(rb))
    {
        Table* h = hvalue(rb);

        if (LUAU_LIKELY(unsigned(c) < unsigned(h->sizearray) && !h->metatable && !h->readonly))
        {
            setobj2t(L, &h->array[c], ra);
            luaC_barriert(L, h, ra);
            return pc;
        }

        // fall through to slow path
    }

    // slow-path: handles out of bounds array lookups
    TValue n;
    setnvalue(&n, c + 1);
    VM_PROTECT(luaV_settable(L, rb, &n, ra));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_NEWCLOSURE(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    Proto* pv = cl->l.p->p[LUAU_INSN_D(insn)];
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(LUAU_INSN_D(insn)) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizep));

    // note: we save closure to stack early in case the code below wants to capture it by value
    Closure* ncl = luaF_newLclosure(L, pv->nups, cl->env, pv);
    setclvalue(L, ra, ncl);

    for (int ui = 0; ui < pv->nups; ++ui)
    {
        Instruction uinsn = *pc++;
        LUAU_ASSERT(LUAU_INSN_OP(uinsn) == LOP_CAPTURE);

        switch (LUAU_INSN_A(uinsn))
        {
        case LCT_VAL:
            setobj(L, &ncl->l.uprefs[ui], VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(uinsn)));
            break;

        case LCT_REF:
            setupvalue(L, &ncl->l.uprefs[ui], luaF_findupval(L, VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(uinsn))));
            break;

        case LCT_UPVAL:
            setobj(L, &ncl->l.uprefs[ui], VM_UV(LUAU_INSN_B(uinsn)));
            break;

        default:
            LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unknown upvalue capture type");
            LUAU_UNREACHABLE(); // improves switch() codegen by eliding opcode bounds checks
        }
    }

    VM_PROTECT(luaC_checkGC(L));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_NAMECALL(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    uint32_t aux = *pc++;
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(aux);
    LUAU_ASSERT(ttisstring(kv));

    if (ttistable(rb))
    {
        Table* h = hvalue(rb);
        // note: we can't use nodemask8 here because we need to query the main position of the table, and 8-bit nodemask8 only works
        // for predictive lookups
        LuaNode* n = &h->node[tsvalue(kv)->hash & (sizenode(h) - 1)];

        const TValue* mt = 0;
        const LuaNode* mtn = 0;

        // fast-path: key is in the table in expected slot
        if (ttisstring(gkey(n)) && tsvalue(gkey(n)) == tsvalue(kv) && !ttisnil(gval(n)))
        {
            // note: order of copies allows rb to alias ra+1 or ra
            setobj2s(L, ra + 1, rb);
            setobj2s(L, ra, gval(n));
        }
        // fast-path: key is absent from the base, table has an __index table, and it has the result in the expected slot
        else if (gnext(n) == 0 && (mt = fasttm(L, hvalue(rb)->metatable, TM_INDEX)) && ttistable(mt) &&
                 (mtn = &hvalue(mt)->node[LUAU_INSN_C(insn) & hvalue(mt)->nodemask8]) && ttisstring(gkey(mtn)) && tsvalue(gkey(mtn)) == tsvalue(kv) &&
                 !ttisnil(gval(mtn)))
        {
            // note: order of copies allows rb to alias ra+1 or ra
            setobj2s(L, ra + 1, rb);
            setobj2s(L, ra, gval(mtn));
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path: handles full table lookup
            setobj2s(L, ra + 1, rb);
            L->cachedslot = LUAU_INSN_C(insn);
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_gettable(L, rb, kv, ra));
            // save cachedslot to accelerate future lookups; patches currently executing instruction since pc-2 rolls back two pc++
            VM_PATCH_C(pc - 2, L->cachedslot);
            // recompute ra since stack might have been reallocated
            ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
            if (ttisnil(ra))
                luaG_methoderror(L, ra + 1, tsvalue(kv));
        }
    }
    else
    {
        Table* mt = ttisuserdata(rb) ? uvalue(rb)->metatable : L->global->mt[ttype(rb)];
        const TValue* tmi = 0;

        // fast-path: metatable with __namecall
        if (const TValue* fn = fasttm(L, mt, TM_NAMECALL))
        {
            // note: order of copies allows rb to alias ra+1 or ra
            setobj2s(L, ra + 1, rb);
            setobj2s(L, ra, fn);

            L->namecall = tsvalue(kv);
        }
        else if ((tmi = fasttm(L, mt, TM_INDEX)) && ttistable(tmi))
        {
            Table* h = hvalue(tmi);
            int slot = LUAU_INSN_C(insn) & h->nodemask8;
            LuaNode* n = &h->node[slot];

            // fast-path: metatable with __index that has method in expected slot
            if (LUAU_LIKELY(ttisstring(gkey(n)) && tsvalue(gkey(n)) == tsvalue(kv) && !ttisnil(gval(n))))
            {
                // note: order of copies allows rb to alias ra+1 or ra
                setobj2s(L, ra + 1, rb);
                setobj2s(L, ra, gval(n));
            }
            else
            {
                // slow-path: handles slot mismatch
                setobj2s(L, ra + 1, rb);
                L->cachedslot = slot;
                VM_PROTECT(luaV_gettable(L, rb, kv, ra));
                // save cachedslot to accelerate future lookups; patches currently executing instruction since pc-2 rolls back two pc++
                VM_PATCH_C(pc - 2, L->cachedslot);
                // recompute ra since stack might have been reallocated
                ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
                if (ttisnil(ra))
                    luaG_methoderror(L, ra + 1, tsvalue(kv));
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path: handles non-table __index
            setobj2s(L, ra + 1, rb);
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_gettable(L, rb, kv, ra));
            // recompute ra since stack might have been reallocated
            ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
            if (ttisnil(ra))
                luaG_methoderror(L, ra + 1, tsvalue(kv));
        }
    }

    // intentional fallthrough to CALL
    LUAU_ASSERT(LUAU_INSN_OP(*pc) == LOP_CALL);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_CALL(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    VM_INTERRUPT();
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    int nparams = LUAU_INSN_B(insn) - 1;
    int nresults = LUAU_INSN_C(insn) - 1;

    StkId argtop = L->top;
    argtop = (nparams == LUA_MULTRET) ? argtop : ra + 1 + nparams;

    // slow-path: not a function call
    if (LUAU_UNLIKELY(!ttisfunction(ra)))
    {
        VM_PROTECT(luaV_tryfuncTM(L, ra));
        argtop++; // __call adds an extra self
    }

    Closure* ccl = clvalue(ra);
    L->ci->savedpc = pc;

    CallInfo* ci = incr_ci(L);
    ci->func = ra;
    ci->base = ra + 1;
    ci->top = argtop + ccl->stacksize; // note: technically UB since we haven't reallocated the stack yet
    ci->savedpc = NULL;
    ci->flags = 0;
    ci->nresults = nresults;

    L->base = ci->base;
    L->top = argtop;

    // note: this reallocs stack, but we don't need to VM_PROTECT this
    // this is because we're going to modify base/savedpc manually anyhow
    // crucially, we can't use ra/argtop after this line
    luaD_checkstack(L, ccl->stacksize);

    LUAU_ASSERT(ci->top <= L->stack_last);

    if (!ccl->isC)
    {
        Proto* p = ccl->l.p;

        // fill unused parameters with nil
        StkId argi = L->top;
        StkId argend = L->base + p->numparams;
        while (argi < argend)
            setnilvalue(argi++); // complete missing arguments
        L->top = p->is_vararg ? argi : ci->top;

        // reentry
        pc = p->code;
        cl = ccl;
        base = L->base;
        k = p->k;
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        lua_CFunction func = ccl->c.f;
        int n = func(L);

        // yield
        if (n < 0)
            return NULL;

        // ci is our callinfo, cip is our parent
        CallInfo* ci = L->ci;
        CallInfo* cip = ci - 1;

        // copy return values into parent stack (but only up to nresults!), fill the rest with nil
        // note: in MULTRET context nresults starts as -1 so i != 0 condition never activates intentionally
        StkId res = ci->func;
        StkId vali = L->top - n;
        StkId valend = L->top;

        int i;
        for (i = nresults; i != 0 && vali < valend; i--)
            setobj2s(L, res++, vali++);
        while (i-- > 0)
            setnilvalue(res++);

        // pop the stack frame
        L->ci = cip;
        L->base = cip->base;
        L->top = (nresults == LUA_MULTRET) ? res : cip->top;

        base = L->base; // stack may have been reallocated, so we need to refresh base ptr
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_RETURN(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    VM_INTERRUPT();
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = &base[LUAU_INSN_A(insn)]; // note: this can point to L->top if b == LUA_MULTRET making VM_REG unsafe to use
    int b = LUAU_INSN_B(insn) - 1;

    // ci is our callinfo, cip is our parent
    CallInfo* ci = L->ci;
    CallInfo* cip = ci - 1;

    StkId res = ci->func; // note: we assume CALL always puts func+args and expects results to start at func

    StkId vali = ra;
    StkId valend = (b == LUA_MULTRET) ? L->top : ra + b; // copy as much as possible for MULTRET calls, and only as much as needed otherwise

    int nresults = ci->nresults;

    // copy return values into parent stack (but only up to nresults!), fill the rest with nil
    // note: in MULTRET context nresults starts as -1 so i != 0 condition never activates intentionally
    int i;
    for (i = nresults; i != 0 && vali < valend; i--)
        setobj2s(L, res++, vali++);
    while (i-- > 0)
        setnilvalue(res++);

    // pop the stack frame
    L->ci = cip;
    L->base = cip->base;
    L->top = (nresults == LUA_MULTRET) ? res : cip->top;

    // we're done!
    if (LUAU_UNLIKELY(ci->flags & LUA_CALLINFO_RETURN))
    {
        L->top = res;
        return NULL;
    }

    LUAU_ASSERT(isLua(L->ci));

    Closure* nextcl = clvalue(cip->func);
    Proto* nextproto = nextcl->l.p;

    // reentry
    pc = cip->savedpc;
    cl = nextcl;
    base = L->base;
    k = nextproto->k;
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMP(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;

    pc += LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPIF(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    pc += l_isfalse(ra) ? 0 : LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPIFNOT(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    pc += l_isfalse(ra) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 0;
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPIFEQ(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    uint32_t aux = *pc;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(aux);

    // Note that all jumps below jump by 1 in the "false" case to skip over aux
    if (ttype(ra) == ttype(rb))
    {
        switch (ttype(ra))
        {
        case LUA_TNIL:
            pc += LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
            pc += bvalue(ra) == bvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
            pc += pvalue(ra) == pvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TNUMBER:
            pc += nvalue(ra) == nvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TVECTOR:
            pc += luai_veceq(vvalue(ra), vvalue(rb)) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TSTRING:
        case LUA_TFUNCTION:
        case LUA_TTHREAD:
            pc += gcvalue(ra) == gcvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TTABLE:
            // fast-path: same metatable, no EQ metamethod
            if (hvalue(ra)->metatable == hvalue(rb)->metatable)
            {
                const TValue* fn = fasttm(L, hvalue(ra)->metatable, TM_EQ);

                if (!fn)
                {
                    pc += hvalue(ra) == hvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
                    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
                    return pc;
                }
            }
            // slow path after switch()
            break;

        case LUA_TUSERDATA:
            // fast-path: same metatable, no EQ metamethod or C metamethod
            if (uvalue(ra)->metatable == uvalue(rb)->metatable)
            {
                const TValue* fn = fasttm(L, uvalue(ra)->metatable, TM_EQ);

                if (!fn)
                {
                    pc += uvalue(ra) == uvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
                    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
                    return pc;
                }
                else if (ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
                {
                    // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
                    LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 3 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
                    StkId top = L->top;
                    setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
                    setobj2s(L, top + 1, ra);
                    setobj2s(L, top + 2, rb);
                    int res = int(top - base);
                    L->top = top + 3;

                    VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 2, res));
                    pc += !l_isfalse(&base[res]) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
                    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
                    return pc;
                }
            }
            // slow path after switch()
            break;

        default:
            LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unknown value type");
            LUAU_UNREACHABLE(); // improves switch() codegen by eliding opcode bounds checks
        }

        // slow-path: tables with metatables and userdata values
        // note that we don't have a fast path for userdata values without metatables, since that's very rare
        int res;
        VM_PROTECT(res = luaV_equalval(L, ra, rb));

        pc += (res == 1) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        pc += 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPIFNOTEQ(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    uint32_t aux = *pc;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(aux);

    // Note that all jumps below jump by 1 in the "true" case to skip over aux
    if (ttype(ra) == ttype(rb))
    {
        switch (ttype(ra))
        {
        case LUA_TNIL:
            pc += 1;
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
            pc += bvalue(ra) != bvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
            pc += pvalue(ra) != pvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TNUMBER:
            pc += nvalue(ra) != nvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TVECTOR:
            pc += !luai_veceq(vvalue(ra), vvalue(rb)) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TSTRING:
        case LUA_TFUNCTION:
        case LUA_TTHREAD:
            pc += gcvalue(ra) != gcvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;

        case LUA_TTABLE:
            // fast-path: same metatable, no EQ metamethod
            if (hvalue(ra)->metatable == hvalue(rb)->metatable)
            {
                const TValue* fn = fasttm(L, hvalue(ra)->metatable, TM_EQ);

                if (!fn)
                {
                    pc += hvalue(ra) != hvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
                    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
                    return pc;
                }
            }
            // slow path after switch()
            break;

        case LUA_TUSERDATA:
            // fast-path: same metatable, no EQ metamethod or C metamethod
            if (uvalue(ra)->metatable == uvalue(rb)->metatable)
            {
                const TValue* fn = fasttm(L, uvalue(ra)->metatable, TM_EQ);

                if (!fn)
                {
                    pc += uvalue(ra) != uvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
                    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
                    return pc;
                }
                else if (ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
                {
                    // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
                    LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 3 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
                    StkId top = L->top;
                    setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
                    setobj2s(L, top + 1, ra);
                    setobj2s(L, top + 2, rb);
                    int res = int(top - base);
                    L->top = top + 3;

                    VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 2, res));
                    pc += l_isfalse(&base[res]) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
                    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
                    return pc;
                }
            }
            // slow path after switch()
            break;

        default:
            LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unknown value type");
            LUAU_UNREACHABLE(); // improves switch() codegen by eliding opcode bounds checks
        }

        // slow-path: tables with metatables and userdata values
        // note that we don't have a fast path for userdata values without metatables, since that's very rare
        int res;
        VM_PROTECT(res = luaV_equalval(L, ra, rb));

        pc += (res == 0) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        pc += LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPIFLE(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    uint32_t aux = *pc;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(aux);

    // fast-path: number
    // Note that all jumps below jump by 1 in the "false" case to skip over aux
    if (ttisnumber(ra) && ttisnumber(rb))
    {
        pc += nvalue(ra) <= nvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
    // fast-path: string
    else if (ttisstring(ra) && ttisstring(rb))
    {
        pc += luaV_strcmp(tsvalue(ra), tsvalue(rb)) <= 0 ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        int res;
        VM_PROTECT(res = luaV_lessequal(L, ra, rb));

        pc += (res == 1) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPIFNOTLE(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    uint32_t aux = *pc;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(aux);

    // fast-path: number
    // Note that all jumps below jump by 1 in the "true" case to skip over aux
    if (ttisnumber(ra) && ttisnumber(rb))
    {
        pc += !(nvalue(ra) <= nvalue(rb)) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
    // fast-path: string
    else if (ttisstring(ra) && ttisstring(rb))
    {
        pc += !(luaV_strcmp(tsvalue(ra), tsvalue(rb)) <= 0) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        int res;
        VM_PROTECT(res = luaV_lessequal(L, ra, rb));

        pc += (res == 0) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPIFLT(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    uint32_t aux = *pc;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(aux);

    // fast-path: number
    // Note that all jumps below jump by 1 in the "false" case to skip over aux
    if (ttisnumber(ra) && ttisnumber(rb))
    {
        pc += nvalue(ra) < nvalue(rb) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
    // fast-path: string
    else if (ttisstring(ra) && ttisstring(rb))
    {
        pc += luaV_strcmp(tsvalue(ra), tsvalue(rb)) < 0 ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        int res;
        VM_PROTECT(res = luaV_lessthan(L, ra, rb));

        pc += (res == 1) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPIFNOTLT(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    uint32_t aux = *pc;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(aux);

    // fast-path: number
    // Note that all jumps below jump by 1 in the "true" case to skip over aux
    if (ttisnumber(ra) && ttisnumber(rb))
    {
        pc += !(nvalue(ra) < nvalue(rb)) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
    // fast-path: string
    else if (ttisstring(ra) && ttisstring(rb))
    {
        pc += !(luaV_strcmp(tsvalue(ra), tsvalue(rb)) < 0) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        int res;
        VM_PROTECT(res = luaV_lessthan(L, ra, rb));

        pc += (res == 0) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_ADD(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    StkId rc = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc))
    {
        setnvalue(ra, nvalue(rb) + nvalue(rc));
        return pc;
    }
    else if (ttisvector(rb) && ttisvector(rc))
    {
        const float* vb = rb->value.v;
        const float* vc = rc->value.v;
        setvvalue(ra, vb[0] + vc[0], vb[1] + vc[1], vb[2] + vc[2], vb[3] + vc[3]);
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // fast-path for userdata with C functions
        const TValue* fn = 0;
        if (ttisuserdata(rb) && (fn = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rb, TM_ADD)) && ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
        {
            // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
            LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 3 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
            StkId top = L->top;
            setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
            setobj2s(L, top + 1, rb);
            setobj2s(L, top + 2, rc);
            L->top = top + 3;

            VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 2, LUAU_INSN_A(insn)));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, rc, TM_ADD));
            return pc;
        }
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_SUB(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    StkId rc = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc))
    {
        setnvalue(ra, nvalue(rb) - nvalue(rc));
        return pc;
    }
    else if (ttisvector(rb) && ttisvector(rc))
    {
        const float* vb = rb->value.v;
        const float* vc = rc->value.v;
        setvvalue(ra, vb[0] - vc[0], vb[1] - vc[1], vb[2] - vc[2], vb[3] - vc[3]);
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // fast-path for userdata with C functions
        const TValue* fn = 0;
        if (ttisuserdata(rb) && (fn = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rb, TM_SUB)) && ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
        {
            // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
            LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 3 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
            StkId top = L->top;
            setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
            setobj2s(L, top + 1, rb);
            setobj2s(L, top + 2, rc);
            L->top = top + 3;

            VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 2, LUAU_INSN_A(insn)));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, rc, TM_SUB));
            return pc;
        }
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_MUL(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    StkId rc = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc))
    {
        setnvalue(ra, nvalue(rb) * nvalue(rc));
        return pc;
    }
    else if (ttisvector(rb) && ttisnumber(rc))
    {
        const float* vb = rb->value.v;
        float vc = cast_to(float, nvalue(rc));
        setvvalue(ra, vb[0] * vc, vb[1] * vc, vb[2] * vc, vb[3] * vc);
        return pc;
    }
    else if (ttisvector(rb) && ttisvector(rc))
    {
        const float* vb = rb->value.v;
        const float* vc = rc->value.v;
        setvvalue(ra, vb[0] * vc[0], vb[1] * vc[1], vb[2] * vc[2], vb[3] * vc[3]);
        return pc;
    }
    else if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisvector(rc))
    {
        float vb = cast_to(float, nvalue(rb));
        const float* vc = rc->value.v;
        setvvalue(ra, vb * vc[0], vb * vc[1], vb * vc[2], vb * vc[3]);
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // fast-path for userdata with C functions
        StkId rbc = ttisnumber(rb) ? rc : rb;
        const TValue* fn = 0;
        if (ttisuserdata(rbc) && (fn = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rbc, TM_MUL)) && ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
        {
            // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
            LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 3 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
            StkId top = L->top;
            setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
            setobj2s(L, top + 1, rb);
            setobj2s(L, top + 2, rc);
            L->top = top + 3;

            VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 2, LUAU_INSN_A(insn)));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, rc, TM_MUL));
            return pc;
        }
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_DIV(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    StkId rc = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc))
    {
        setnvalue(ra, nvalue(rb) / nvalue(rc));
        return pc;
    }
    else if (ttisvector(rb) && ttisnumber(rc))
    {
        const float* vb = rb->value.v;
        float vc = cast_to(float, nvalue(rc));
        setvvalue(ra, vb[0] / vc, vb[1] / vc, vb[2] / vc, vb[3] / vc);
        return pc;
    }
    else if (ttisvector(rb) && ttisvector(rc))
    {
        const float* vb = rb->value.v;
        const float* vc = rc->value.v;
        setvvalue(ra, vb[0] / vc[0], vb[1] / vc[1], vb[2] / vc[2], vb[3] / vc[3]);
        return pc;
    }
    else if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisvector(rc))
    {
        float vb = cast_to(float, nvalue(rb));
        const float* vc = rc->value.v;
        setvvalue(ra, vb / vc[0], vb / vc[1], vb / vc[2], vb / vc[3]);
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // fast-path for userdata with C functions
        StkId rbc = ttisnumber(rb) ? rc : rb;
        const TValue* fn = 0;
        if (ttisuserdata(rbc) && (fn = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rbc, TM_DIV)) && ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
        {
            // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
            LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 3 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
            StkId top = L->top;
            setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
            setobj2s(L, top + 1, rb);
            setobj2s(L, top + 2, rc);
            L->top = top + 3;

            VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 2, LUAU_INSN_A(insn)));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, rc, TM_DIV));
            return pc;
        }
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_MOD(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    StkId rc = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc))
    {
        double nb = nvalue(rb);
        double nc = nvalue(rc);
        setnvalue(ra, luai_nummod(nb, nc));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
        VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, rc, TM_MOD));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_POW(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    StkId rc = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc))
    {
        setnvalue(ra, pow(nvalue(rb), nvalue(rc)));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
        VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, rc, TM_POW));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_ADDK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb))
    {
        setnvalue(ra, nvalue(rb) + nvalue(kv));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
        VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, kv, TM_ADD));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_SUBK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb))
    {
        setnvalue(ra, nvalue(rb) - nvalue(kv));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
        VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, kv, TM_SUB));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_MULK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb))
    {
        setnvalue(ra, nvalue(rb) * nvalue(kv));
        return pc;
    }
    else if (ttisvector(rb))
    {
        const float* vb = rb->value.v;
        float vc = cast_to(float, nvalue(kv));
        setvvalue(ra, vb[0] * vc, vb[1] * vc, vb[2] * vc, vb[3] * vc);
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // fast-path for userdata with C functions
        const TValue* fn = 0;
        if (ttisuserdata(rb) && (fn = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rb, TM_MUL)) && ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
        {
            // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
            LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 3 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
            StkId top = L->top;
            setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
            setobj2s(L, top + 1, rb);
            setobj2s(L, top + 2, kv);
            L->top = top + 3;

            VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 2, LUAU_INSN_A(insn)));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, kv, TM_MUL));
            return pc;
        }
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_DIVK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb))
    {
        setnvalue(ra, nvalue(rb) / nvalue(kv));
        return pc;
    }
    else if (ttisvector(rb))
    {
        const float* vb = rb->value.v;
        float vc = cast_to(float, nvalue(kv));
        setvvalue(ra, vb[0] / vc, vb[1] / vc, vb[2] / vc, vb[3] / vc);
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // fast-path for userdata with C functions
        const TValue* fn = 0;
        if (ttisuserdata(rb) && (fn = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rb, TM_DIV)) && ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
        {
            // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
            LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 3 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
            StkId top = L->top;
            setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
            setobj2s(L, top + 1, rb);
            setobj2s(L, top + 2, kv);
            L->top = top + 3;

            VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 2, LUAU_INSN_A(insn)));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, kv, TM_DIV));
            return pc;
        }
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_MODK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb))
    {
        double nb = nvalue(rb);
        double nk = nvalue(kv);
        setnvalue(ra, luai_nummod(nb, nk));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
        VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, kv, TM_MOD));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_POWK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb))
    {
        double nb = nvalue(rb);
        double nk = nvalue(kv);

        // pow is very slow so we specialize this for ^2, ^0.5 and ^3
        double r = (nk == 2.0) ? nb * nb : (nk == 0.5) ? sqrt(nb) : (nk == 3.0) ? nb * nb * nb : pow(nb, nk);

        setnvalue(ra, r);
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
        VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, kv, TM_POW));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_AND(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    StkId rc = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    setobj2s(L, ra, l_isfalse(rb) ? rb : rc);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_OR(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    StkId rc = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    setobj2s(L, ra, l_isfalse(rb) ? rc : rb);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_ANDK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    setobj2s(L, ra, l_isfalse(rb) ? rb : kv);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_ORK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_C(insn));

    setobj2s(L, ra, l_isfalse(rb) ? kv : rb);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_CONCAT(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    int b = LUAU_INSN_B(insn);
    int c = LUAU_INSN_C(insn);

    // This call may realloc the stack! So we need to query args further down
    VM_PROTECT(luaV_concat(L, c - b + 1, c));

    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    setobj2s(L, ra, base + b);
    VM_PROTECT(luaC_checkGC(L));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_NOT(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));

    int res = l_isfalse(rb);
    setbvalue(ra, res);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_MINUS(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));

    // fast-path
    if (ttisnumber(rb))
    {
        setnvalue(ra, -nvalue(rb));
        return pc;
    }
    else if (ttisvector(rb))
    {
        const float* vb = rb->value.v;
        setvvalue(ra, -vb[0], -vb[1], -vb[2], -vb[3]);
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // fast-path for userdata with C functions
        const TValue* fn = 0;
        if (ttisuserdata(rb) && (fn = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rb, TM_UNM)) && ttisfunction(fn) && clvalue(fn)->isC)
        {
            // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
            LUAU_ASSERT(L->top + 2 < L->stack + L->stacksize);
            StkId top = L->top;
            setobj2s(L, top + 0, fn);
            setobj2s(L, top + 1, rb);
            L->top = top + 2;

            VM_PROTECT(luaV_callTM(L, 1, LUAU_INSN_A(insn)));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_doarith(L, ra, rb, rb, TM_UNM));
            return pc;
        }
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_LENGTH(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));

    // fast-path #1: tables
    if (ttistable(rb))
    {
        Table* h = hvalue(rb);

        if (fastnotm(h->metatable, TM_LEN))
        {
            setnvalue(ra, cast_num(luaH_getn(h)));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
            VM_PROTECT(luaV_dolen(L, ra, rb));
            return pc;
        }
    }
    // fast-path #2: strings (not very important but easy to do)
    else if (ttisstring(rb))
    {
        TString* ts = tsvalue(rb);
        setnvalue(ra, cast_num(ts->len));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // slow-path, may invoke C/Lua via metamethods
        VM_PROTECT(luaV_dolen(L, ra, rb));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_NEWTABLE(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    int b = LUAU_INSN_B(insn);
    uint32_t aux = *pc++;

    sethvalue(L, ra, luaH_new(L, aux, b == 0 ? 0 : (1 << (b - 1))));
    VM_PROTECT(luaC_checkGC(L));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_DUPTABLE(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_D(insn));

    sethvalue(L, ra, luaH_clone(L, hvalue(kv)));
    VM_PROTECT(luaC_checkGC(L));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_SETLIST(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    StkId rb = &base[LUAU_INSN_B(insn)]; // note: this can point to L->top if c == LUA_MULTRET making VM_REG unsafe to use
    int c = LUAU_INSN_C(insn) - 1;
    uint32_t index = *pc++;

    if (c == LUA_MULTRET)
    {
        c = int(L->top - rb);
        L->top = L->ci->top;
    }

    Table* h = hvalue(ra);

    if (!ttistable(ra))
        return NULL; // temporary workaround to weaken a rather powerful exploitation primitive in case of a MITM attack on bytecode

    int last = index + c - 1;
    if (last > h->sizearray)
        luaH_resizearray(L, h, last);

    TValue* array = h->array;

    for (int i = 0; i < c; ++i)
        setobj2t(L, &array[index + i - 1], rb + i);

    luaC_barrierfast(L, h);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_FORNPREP(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    if (!ttisnumber(ra + 0) || !ttisnumber(ra + 1) || !ttisnumber(ra + 2))
    {
        // slow-path: can convert arguments to numbers and trigger Lua errors
        // Note: this doesn't reallocate stack so we don't need to recompute ra/base
        VM_PROTECT_PC();

        luaV_prepareFORN(L, ra + 0, ra + 1, ra + 2);
    }

    double limit = nvalue(ra + 0);
    double step = nvalue(ra + 1);
    double idx = nvalue(ra + 2);

    // Note: make sure the loop condition is exactly the same between this and LOP_FORNLOOP so that we handle NaN/etc. consistently
    pc += (step > 0 ? idx <= limit : limit <= idx) ? 0 : LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_FORNLOOP(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    VM_INTERRUPT();
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    LUAU_ASSERT(ttisnumber(ra + 0) && ttisnumber(ra + 1) && ttisnumber(ra + 2));

    double limit = nvalue(ra + 0);
    double step = nvalue(ra + 1);
    double idx = nvalue(ra + 2) + step;

    setnvalue(ra + 2, idx);

    // Note: make sure the loop condition is exactly the same between this and LOP_FORNPREP so that we handle NaN/etc. consistently
    if (step > 0 ? idx <= limit : limit <= idx)
    {
        pc += LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // fallthrough to exit
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_FORGPREP(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    if (ttisfunction(ra))
    {
        // will be called during FORGLOOP
    }
    else
    {
        Table* mt = ttistable(ra) ? hvalue(ra)->metatable : ttisuserdata(ra) ? uvalue(ra)->metatable : cast_to(Table*, NULL);

        if (const TValue* fn = fasttm(L, mt, TM_ITER))
        {
            setobj2s(L, ra + 1, ra);
            setobj2s(L, ra, fn);

            L->top = ra + 2; // func + self arg
            LUAU_ASSERT(L->top <= L->stack_last);

            VM_PROTECT(luaD_call(L, ra, 3));
            L->top = L->ci->top;

            // recompute ra since stack might have been reallocated
            ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

            // protect against __iter returning nil, since nil is used as a marker for builtin iteration in FORGLOOP
            if (ttisnil(ra))
            {
                VM_PROTECT(luaG_typeerror(L, ra, "call"));
            }
        }
        else if (fasttm(L, mt, TM_CALL))
        {
            // table or userdata with __call, will be called during FORGLOOP
            // TODO: we might be able to stop supporting this depending on whether it's used in practice
        }
        else if (ttistable(ra))
        {
            // set up registers for builtin iteration
            setobj2s(L, ra + 1, ra);
            setpvalue(ra + 2, reinterpret_cast<void*>(uintptr_t(0)));
            setnilvalue(ra);
        }
        else
        {
            VM_PROTECT(luaG_typeerror(L, ra, "iterate over"));
        }
    }

    pc += LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_FORGLOOP(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    VM_INTERRUPT();
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    uint32_t aux = *pc;

    // fast-path: builtin table iteration
    // note: ra=nil guarantees ra+1=table and ra+2=userdata because of the setup by FORGPREP* opcodes
    // TODO: remove the table check per guarantee above
    if (ttisnil(ra) && ttistable(ra + 1))
    {
        Table* h = hvalue(ra + 1);
        int index = int(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(pvalue(ra + 2)));

        int sizearray = h->sizearray;

        // clear extra variables since we might have more than two
        // note: while aux encodes ipairs bit, when set we always use 2 variables, so it's safe to check this via a signed comparison
        if (LUAU_UNLIKELY(int(aux) > 2))
            for (int i = 2; i < int(aux); ++i)
                setnilvalue(ra + 3 + i);

        // terminate ipairs-style traversal early when encountering nil
        if (int(aux) < 0 && (unsigned(index) >= unsigned(sizearray) || ttisnil(&h->array[index])))
        {
            pc++;
            return pc;
        }

        // first we advance index through the array portion
        while (unsigned(index) < unsigned(sizearray))
        {
            TValue* e = &h->array[index];

            if (!ttisnil(e))
            {
                setpvalue(ra + 2, reinterpret_cast<void*>(uintptr_t(index + 1)));
                setnvalue(ra + 3, double(index + 1));
                setobj2s(L, ra + 4, e);

                pc += LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
                LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
                return pc;
            }

            index++;
        }

        int sizenode = 1 << h->lsizenode;

        // then we advance index through the hash portion
        while (unsigned(index - sizearray) < unsigned(sizenode))
        {
            LuaNode* n = &h->node[index - sizearray];

            if (!ttisnil(gval(n)))
            {
                setpvalue(ra + 2, reinterpret_cast<void*>(uintptr_t(index + 1)));
                getnodekey(L, ra + 3, n);
                setobj2s(L, ra + 4, gval(n));

                pc += LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
                LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
                return pc;
            }

            index++;
        }

        // fallthrough to exit
        pc++;
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        // note: it's safe to push arguments past top for complicated reasons (see top of the file)
        setobj2s(L, ra + 3 + 2, ra + 2);
        setobj2s(L, ra + 3 + 1, ra + 1);
        setobj2s(L, ra + 3, ra);

        L->top = ra + 3 + 3; // func + 2 args (state and index)
        LUAU_ASSERT(L->top <= L->stack_last);

        VM_PROTECT(luaD_call(L, ra + 3, uint8_t(aux)));
        L->top = L->ci->top;

        // recompute ra since stack might have been reallocated
        ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

        // copy first variable back into the iteration index
        setobj2s(L, ra + 2, ra + 3);

        // note that we need to increment pc by 1 to exit the loop since we need to skip over aux
        pc += ttisnil(ra + 3) ? 1 : LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
        LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_FORGPREP_INEXT(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    // fast-path: ipairs/inext
    if (cl->env->safeenv && ttistable(ra + 1) && ttisnumber(ra + 2) && nvalue(ra + 2) == 0.0)
    {
        setnilvalue(ra);
        // ra+1 is already the table
        setpvalue(ra + 2, reinterpret_cast<void*>(uintptr_t(0)));
    }
    else if (!ttisfunction(ra))
    {
        VM_PROTECT(luaG_typeerror(L, ra, "iterate over"));
    }

    pc += LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_DEP_FORGLOOP_INEXT(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unsupported deprecated opcode");
    LUAU_UNREACHABLE();
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_FORGPREP_NEXT(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    // fast-path: pairs/next
    if (cl->env->safeenv && ttistable(ra + 1) && ttisnil(ra + 2))
    {
        setnilvalue(ra);
        // ra+1 is already the table
        setpvalue(ra + 2, reinterpret_cast<void*>(uintptr_t(0)));
    }
    else if (!ttisfunction(ra))
    {
        VM_PROTECT(luaG_typeerror(L, ra, "iterate over"));
    }

    pc += LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_DEP_FORGLOOP_NEXT(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unsupported deprecated opcode");
    LUAU_UNREACHABLE();
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_GETVARARGS(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    int b = LUAU_INSN_B(insn) - 1;
    int n = cast_int(base - L->ci->func) - cl->l.p->numparams - 1;

    if (b == LUA_MULTRET)
    {
        VM_PROTECT(luaD_checkstack(L, n));
        StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn)); // previous call may change the stack

        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            setobj2s(L, ra + j, base - n + j);

        L->top = ra + n;
        return pc;
    }
    else
    {
        StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

        for (int j = 0; j < b && j < n; j++)
            setobj2s(L, ra + j, base - n + j);
        for (int j = n; j < b; j++)
            setnilvalue(ra + j);
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_DUPCLOSURE(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(LUAU_INSN_D(insn));

    Closure* kcl = clvalue(kv);

    // clone closure if the environment is not shared
    // note: we save closure to stack early in case the code below wants to capture it by value
    Closure* ncl = (kcl->env == cl->env) ? kcl : luaF_newLclosure(L, kcl->nupvalues, cl->env, kcl->l.p);
    setclvalue(L, ra, ncl);

    // this loop does three things:
    // - if the closure was created anew, it just fills it with upvalues
    // - if the closure from the constant table is used, it fills it with upvalues so that it can be shared in the future
    // - if the closure is reused, it checks if the reuse is safe via rawequal, and falls back to duplicating the closure
    // normally this would use two separate loops, for reuse check and upvalue setup, but MSVC codegen goes crazy if you do that
    for (int ui = 0; ui < kcl->nupvalues; ++ui)
    {
        Instruction uinsn = pc[ui];
        LUAU_ASSERT(LUAU_INSN_OP(uinsn) == LOP_CAPTURE);
        LUAU_ASSERT(LUAU_INSN_A(uinsn) == LCT_VAL || LUAU_INSN_A(uinsn) == LCT_UPVAL);

        TValue* uv = (LUAU_INSN_A(uinsn) == LCT_VAL) ? VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(uinsn)) : VM_UV(LUAU_INSN_B(uinsn));

        // check if the existing closure is safe to reuse
        if (ncl == kcl && luaO_rawequalObj(&ncl->l.uprefs[ui], uv))
            continue;

        // lazily clone the closure and update the upvalues
        if (ncl == kcl && kcl->preload == 0)
        {
            ncl = luaF_newLclosure(L, kcl->nupvalues, cl->env, kcl->l.p);
            setclvalue(L, ra, ncl);

            ui = -1; // restart the loop to fill all upvalues
            continue;
        }

        // this updates a newly created closure, or an existing closure created during preload, in which case we need a barrier
        setobj(L, &ncl->l.uprefs[ui], uv);
        luaC_barrier(L, ncl, uv);
    }

    // this is a noop if ncl is newly created or shared successfully, but it has to run after the closure is preloaded for the first time
    ncl->preload = 0;

    if (kcl != ncl)
        VM_PROTECT(luaC_checkGC(L));

    pc += kcl->nupvalues;
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_PREPVARARGS(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    int numparams = LUAU_INSN_A(insn);

    // all fixed parameters are copied after the top so we need more stack space
    VM_PROTECT(luaD_checkstack(L, cl->stacksize + numparams));

    // the caller must have filled extra fixed arguments with nil
    LUAU_ASSERT(cast_int(L->top - base) >= numparams);

    // move fixed parameters to final position
    StkId fixed = base; // first fixed argument
    base = L->top;      // final position of first argument

    for (int i = 0; i < numparams; ++i)
    {
        setobj2s(L, base + i, fixed + i);
        setnilvalue(fixed + i);
    }

    // rewire our stack frame to point to the new base
    L->ci->base = base;
    L->ci->top = base + cl->stacksize;

    L->base = base;
    L->top = L->ci->top;
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPBACK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    VM_INTERRUPT();
    Instruction insn = *pc++;

    pc += LUAU_INSN_D(insn);
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_LOADKX(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    uint32_t aux = *pc++;
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(aux);

    setobj2s(L, ra, kv);
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPX(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    VM_INTERRUPT();
    Instruction insn = *pc++;

    pc += LUAU_INSN_E(insn);
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_FASTCALL(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    int bfid = LUAU_INSN_A(insn);
    int skip = LUAU_INSN_C(insn);
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code + skip) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));

    Instruction call = pc[skip];
    LUAU_ASSERT(LUAU_INSN_OP(call) == LOP_CALL);

    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(call));

    int nparams = LUAU_INSN_B(call) - 1;
    int nresults = LUAU_INSN_C(call) - 1;

    nparams = (nparams == LUA_MULTRET) ? int(L->top - ra - 1) : nparams;

    luau_FastFunction f = luauF_table[bfid];

    if (cl->env->safeenv && f)
    {
        VM_PROTECT_PC();

        int n = f(L, ra, ra + 1, nresults, ra + 2, nparams);

        if (n >= 0)
        {
            L->top = (nresults == LUA_MULTRET) ? ra + n : L->ci->top;

            pc += skip + 1; // skip instructions that compute function as well as CALL
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // continue execution through the fallback code
            return pc;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // continue execution through the fallback code
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_COVERAGE(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    int hits = LUAU_INSN_E(insn);

    // update hits with saturated add and patch the instruction in place
    hits = (hits < (1 << 23) - 1) ? hits + 1 : hits;
    VM_PATCH_E(pc - 1, hits);

    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_CAPTURE(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    LUAU_ASSERT(!"CAPTURE is a pseudo-opcode and must be executed as part of NEWCLOSURE");
    LUAU_UNREACHABLE();
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_DEP_JUMPIFEQK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unsupported deprecated opcode");
    LUAU_UNREACHABLE();
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_DEP_JUMPIFNOTEQK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unsupported deprecated opcode");
    LUAU_UNREACHABLE();
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_FASTCALL1(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    int bfid = LUAU_INSN_A(insn);
    TValue* arg = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    int skip = LUAU_INSN_C(insn);

    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code + skip) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));

    Instruction call = pc[skip];
    LUAU_ASSERT(LUAU_INSN_OP(call) == LOP_CALL);

    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(call));

    int nparams = 1;
    int nresults = LUAU_INSN_C(call) - 1;

    luau_FastFunction f = luauF_table[bfid];

    if (cl->env->safeenv && f)
    {
        VM_PROTECT_PC();

        int n = f(L, ra, arg, nresults, NULL, nparams);

        if (n >= 0)
        {
            L->top = (nresults == LUA_MULTRET) ? ra + n : L->ci->top;

            pc += skip + 1; // skip instructions that compute function as well as CALL
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // continue execution through the fallback code
            return pc;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // continue execution through the fallback code
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_FASTCALL2(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    int bfid = LUAU_INSN_A(insn);
    int skip = LUAU_INSN_C(insn) - 1;
    uint32_t aux = *pc++;
    TValue* arg1 = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    TValue* arg2 = VM_REG(aux);

    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code + skip) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));

    Instruction call = pc[skip];
    LUAU_ASSERT(LUAU_INSN_OP(call) == LOP_CALL);

    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(call));

    int nparams = 2;
    int nresults = LUAU_INSN_C(call) - 1;

    luau_FastFunction f = luauF_table[bfid];

    if (cl->env->safeenv && f)
    {
        VM_PROTECT_PC();

        int n = f(L, ra, arg1, nresults, arg2, nparams);

        if (n >= 0)
        {
            L->top = (nresults == LUA_MULTRET) ? ra + n : L->ci->top;

            pc += skip + 1; // skip instructions that compute function as well as CALL
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // continue execution through the fallback code
            return pc;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // continue execution through the fallback code
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_FASTCALL2K(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    int bfid = LUAU_INSN_A(insn);
    int skip = LUAU_INSN_C(insn) - 1;
    uint32_t aux = *pc++;
    TValue* arg1 = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_B(insn));
    TValue* arg2 = VM_KV(aux);

    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code + skip) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));

    Instruction call = pc[skip];
    LUAU_ASSERT(LUAU_INSN_OP(call) == LOP_CALL);

    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(call));

    int nparams = 2;
    int nresults = LUAU_INSN_C(call) - 1;

    luau_FastFunction f = luauF_table[bfid];

    if (cl->env->safeenv && f)
    {
        VM_PROTECT_PC();

        int n = f(L, ra, arg1, nresults, arg2, nparams);

        if (n >= 0)
        {
            L->top = (nresults == LUA_MULTRET) ? ra + n : L->ci->top;

            pc += skip + 1; // skip instructions that compute function as well as CALL
            LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
            return pc;
        }
        else
        {
            // continue execution through the fallback code
            return pc;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // continue execution through the fallback code
        return pc;
    }
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_BREAK(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unsupported deprecated opcode");
    LUAU_UNREACHABLE();
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPXEQKNIL(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    uint32_t aux = *pc;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    static_assert(LUA_TNIL == 0, "we expect type-1 to be negative iff type is nil");
    // condition is equivalent to: int(ttisnil(ra)) != (aux >> 31)
    pc += int((ttype(ra) - 1) ^ aux) < 0 ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPXEQKB(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    uint32_t aux = *pc;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));

    pc += int(ttisboolean(ra) && bvalue(ra) == int(aux & 1)) != (aux >> 31) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPXEQKN(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    uint32_t aux = *pc;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(aux & 0xffffff);
    LUAU_ASSERT(ttisnumber(kv));

#if defined(__aarch64__)
    // On several ARM chips (Apple M1/M2, Neoverse N1), comparing the result of a floating-point comparison is expensive, and a branch
    // is much cheaper; on some 32-bit ARM chips (Cortex A53) the performance is about the same so we prefer less branchy variant there
    if (aux >> 31)
        pc += !(ttisnumber(ra) && nvalue(ra) == nvalue(kv)) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
    else
        pc += (ttisnumber(ra) && nvalue(ra) == nvalue(kv)) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
#else
    pc += int(ttisnumber(ra) && nvalue(ra) == nvalue(kv)) != (aux >> 31) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
#endif
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}

const Instruction* execute_LOP_JUMPXEQKS(lua_State* L, const Instruction* pc, StkId base, TValue* k)
{
    [[maybe_unused]] Closure* cl = clvalue(L->ci->func);
    Instruction insn = *pc++;
    uint32_t aux = *pc;
    StkId ra = VM_REG(LUAU_INSN_A(insn));
    TValue* kv = VM_KV(aux & 0xffffff);
    LUAU_ASSERT(ttisstring(kv));

    pc += int(ttisstring(ra) && gcvalue(ra) == gcvalue(kv)) != (aux >> 31) ? LUAU_INSN_D(insn) : 1;
    LUAU_ASSERT(unsigned(pc - cl->l.p->code) < unsigned(cl->l.p->sizecode));
    return pc;
}