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minify-html/bench/inputs/ECMA-262
Wilson Lin a28e69ddb0 Generify bench
2021-08-08 21:01:37 +10:00

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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel="icon" href="img/favicon.ico">
<link href="ecmarkup.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="ecmarkup.js"></script>
<style>
/* custom styles */
#metadata-block {
margin: 4em 0;
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ee8421;
}
#metadata-block h1 {
font-size: 1.5em;
margin-top: 0;
}
#metadata-block > ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0; padding: 0;
}
#ecma-logo {
width: 500px;
}
.unicode-property-table {
table-layout: fixed;
width: 100%;
font-size: 80%;
}
.unicode-property-table ul {
padding-left: 0;
list-style: none;
}
</style>
<script>
if (location.hostname === 'tc39.github.io' && location.protocol !== 'https:') {
location.protocol = 'https:';
}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-32577963-1']);
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/view/ST-262 10th edition']);
(function() {
var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
})();
</script>
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internal slot","refId":"sec-IsHTMLDDA-internal-slot","referencingIds":[],"namespace":"annexB","location":"","key":"[[IsHTMLDDA]] internal slot"}]</script></head><body><div id="menu-toggle">☰</div><div id="menu-spacer"></div><div id="menu"><div id="menu-search"><input type="text" id="menu-search-box" placeholder="Search..."><div id="menu-search-results" class="inactive"></div></div><div id="menu-pins"><div class="menu-pane-header">Pins</div><ul id="menu-pins-list"></ul></div><div class="menu-pane-header">Table of Contents</div><div id="menu-toc"><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-intro" title="Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-scope" title="Scope"><span class="secnum">1</span> Scope</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-conformance" title="Conformance"><span class="secnum">2</span> Conformance</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-normative-references" title="Normative References"><span class="secnum">3</span> Normative References</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-overview" title="Overview"><span class="secnum">4</span> Overview</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-web-scripting" title="Web Scripting"><span class="secnum">4.1</span> Web Scripting</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-overview" title="ECMAScript Overview"><span class="secnum">4.2</span> ECMAScript Overview</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-objects" title="Objects"><span class="secnum">4.2.1</span> Objects</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-strict-variant-of-ecmascript" title="The Strict Variant of ECMAScript"><span class="secnum">4.2.2</span> The Strict Variant of ECMAScript</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions" title="Terms and Definitions"><span class="secnum">4.3</span> Terms and Definitions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-type" title="type"><span class="secnum">4.3.1</span> type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-primitive-value" title="primitive value"><span class="secnum">4.3.2</span> primitive value</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-object" title="object"><span class="secnum">4.3.3</span> object</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor" title="constructor"><span class="secnum">4.3.4</span> constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-prototype" title="prototype"><span class="secnum">4.3.5</span> prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object" title="ordinary object"><span class="secnum">4.3.6</span> ordinary object</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exotic-object" title="exotic object"><span class="secnum">4.3.7</span> exotic object</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-standard-object" title="standard object"><span class="secnum">4.3.8</span> standard object</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-built-in-object" title="built-in object"><span class="secnum">4.3.9</span> built-in object</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-undefined-value" title="undefined value"><span class="secnum">4.3.10</span> undefined value</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-undefined-type" title="Undefined type"><span class="secnum">4.3.11</span> Undefined type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-null-value" title="null value"><span class="secnum">4.3.12</span> null value</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-null-type" title="Null type"><span class="secnum">4.3.13</span> Null type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-boolean-value" title="Boolean value"><span class="secnum">4.3.14</span> Boolean value</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-boolean-type" title="Boolean type"><span class="secnum">4.3.15</span> Boolean type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-boolean-object" title="Boolean object"><span class="secnum">4.3.16</span> Boolean object</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-string-value" title="String value"><span class="secnum">4.3.17</span> String value</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-string-type" title="String type"><span class="secnum">4.3.18</span> String type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string-object" title="String object"><span class="secnum">4.3.19</span> String object</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-number-value" title="Number value"><span class="secnum">4.3.20</span> Number value</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-number-type" title="Number type"><span class="secnum">4.3.21</span> Number type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number-object" title="Number object"><span class="secnum">4.3.22</span> Number object</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-infinity" title="Infinity"><span class="secnum">4.3.23</span> Infinity</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-nan" title="NaN"><span class="secnum">4.3.24</span> NaN</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol-value" title="Symbol value"><span class="secnum">4.3.25</span> Symbol value</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-symbol-type" title="Symbol type"><span class="secnum">4.3.26</span> Symbol type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol-object" title="Symbol object"><span class="secnum">4.3.27</span> Symbol object</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-terms-and-definitions-function" title="function"><span class="secnum">4.3.28</span> function</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-built-in-function" title="built-in function"><span class="secnum">4.3.29</span> built-in function</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-property" title="property"><span class="secnum">4.3.30</span> property</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-method" title="method"><span class="secnum">4.3.31</span> method</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-built-in-method" title="built-in method"><span class="secnum">4.3.32</span> built-in method</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-attribute" title="attribute"><span class="secnum">4.3.33</span> attribute</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-own-property" title="own property"><span class="secnum">4.3.34</span> own property</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-inherited-property" title="inherited property"><span class="secnum">4.3.35</span> inherited property</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-organization-of-this-specification" title="Organization of This Specification"><span class="secnum">4.4</span> Organization of This Specification</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-notational-conventions" title="Notational Conventions"><span class="secnum">5</span> Notational Conventions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-syntactic-and-lexical-grammars" title="Syntactic and Lexical Grammars"><span class="secnum">5.1</span> Syntactic and Lexical Grammars</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-context-free-grammars" title="Context-Free Grammars"><span class="secnum">5.1.1</span> Context-Free Grammars</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-lexical-and-regexp-grammars" title="The Lexical and RegExp Grammars"><span class="secnum">5.1.2</span> The Lexical and RegExp Grammars</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-numeric-string-grammar" title="The Numeric String Grammar"><span class="secnum">5.1.3</span> The Numeric String Grammar</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" title="The Syntactic Grammar"><span class="secnum">5.1.4</span> The Syntactic Grammar</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-grammar-notation" title="Grammar Notation"><span class="secnum">5.1.5</span> Grammar Notation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions" title="Algorithm Conventions"><span class="secnum">5.2</span> Algorithm Conventions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" title="Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">5.2.1</span> Abstract Operations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-syntax-directed-operations" title="Syntax-Directed Operations"><span class="secnum">5.2.2</span> Syntax-Directed Operations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics" title="Runtime Semantics"><span class="secnum">5.2.3</span> Runtime Semantics</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-implicit-completion-values" title="Implicit Completion Values"><span class="secnum">5.2.3.1</span> Implicit Completion Values</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-throw-an-exception" title="Throw an Exception"><span class="secnum">5.2.3.2</span> Throw an Exception</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt" title="ReturnIfAbrupt"><span class="secnum">5.2.3.3</span> ReturnIfAbrupt</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt-shorthands" title="ReturnIfAbrupt Shorthands"><span class="secnum">5.2.3.4</span> ReturnIfAbrupt Shorthands</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantic-rules" title="Static Semantics"><span class="secnum">5.2.4</span> Static Semantics</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-mathematical-operations" title="Mathematical Operations"><span class="secnum">5.2.5</span> Mathematical Operations</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values" title="ECMAScript Data Types and Values"><span class="secnum">6</span> ECMAScript Data Types and Values</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" title="ECMAScript Language Types"><span class="secnum">6.1</span> ECMAScript Language Types</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-undefined-type" title="The Undefined Type"><span class="secnum">6.1.1</span> The Undefined Type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-null-type" title="The Null Type"><span class="secnum">6.1.2</span> The Null Type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-boolean-type" title="The Boolean Type"><span class="secnum">6.1.3</span> The Boolean Type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type" title="The String Type"><span class="secnum">6.1.4</span> The String Type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-symbol-type" title="The Symbol Type"><span class="secnum">6.1.5</span> The Symbol Type</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-well-known-symbols" title="Well-Known Symbols"><span class="secnum">6.1.5.1</span> Well-Known Symbols</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-number-type" title="The Number Type"><span class="secnum">6.1.6</span> The Number Type</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-object-type" title="The Object Type"><span class="secnum">6.1.7</span> The Object Type</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-property-attributes" title="Property Attributes"><span class="secnum">6.1.7.1</span> Property Attributes</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots" title="Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots"><span class="secnum">6.1.7.2</span> Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-invariants-of-the-essential-internal-methods" title="Invariants of the Essential Internal Methods"><span class="secnum">6.1.7.3</span> Invariants of the Essential Internal Methods</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-well-known-intrinsic-objects" title="Well-Known Intrinsic Objects"><span class="secnum">6.1.7.4</span> Well-Known Intrinsic Objects</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-specification-types" title="ECMAScript Specification Types"><span class="secnum">6.2</span> ECMAScript Specification Types</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" title="The List and Record Specification Types"><span class="secnum">6.2.1</span> The List and Record Specification Types</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set-and-relation-specification-type" title="The Set and Relation Specification Types"><span class="secnum">6.2.2</span> The Set and Relation Specification Types</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" title="The Completion Record Specification Type"><span class="secnum">6.2.3</span> The Completion Record Specification Type</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#await" title="Await"><span class="secnum">6.2.3.1</span> Await</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#await-fulfilled" title="Await Fulfilled Functions"><span class="secnum">6.2.3.1.1</span> Await Fulfilled Functions</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#await-rejected" title="Await Rejected Functions"><span class="secnum">6.2.3.1.2</span> Await Rejected Functions</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-normalcompletion" title="NormalCompletion"><span class="secnum">6.2.3.2</span> NormalCompletion</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-throwcompletion" title="ThrowCompletion"><span class="secnum">6.2.3.3</span> ThrowCompletion</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-updateempty" title="UpdateEmpty ( completionRecord, value )"><span class="secnum">6.2.3.4</span> UpdateEmpty ( <var>completionRecord</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type" title="The Reference Specification Type"><span class="secnum">6.2.4</span> The Reference Specification Type</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getbase" title="GetBase ( V )"><span class="secnum">6.2.4.1</span> GetBase ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getreferencedname" title="GetReferencedName ( V )"><span class="secnum">6.2.4.2</span> GetReferencedName ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isstrictreference" title="IsStrictReference ( V )"><span class="secnum">6.2.4.3</span> IsStrictReference ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-hasprimitivebase" title="HasPrimitiveBase ( V )"><span class="secnum">6.2.4.4</span> HasPrimitiveBase ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ispropertyreference" title="IsPropertyReference ( V )"><span class="secnum">6.2.4.5</span> IsPropertyReference ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isunresolvablereference" title="IsUnresolvableReference ( V )"><span class="secnum">6.2.4.6</span> IsUnresolvableReference ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-issuperreference" title="IsSuperReference ( V )"><span class="secnum">6.2.4.7</span> IsSuperReference ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getvalue" title="GetValue ( V )"><span class="secnum">6.2.4.8</span> GetValue ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-putvalue" title="PutValue ( V, W )"><span class="secnum">6.2.4.9</span> PutValue ( <var>V</var>, <var>W</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getthisvalue" title="GetThisValue ( V )"><span class="secnum">6.2.4.10</span> GetThisValue ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-initializereferencedbinding" title="InitializeReferencedBinding ( V, W )"><span class="secnum">6.2.4.11</span> InitializeReferencedBinding ( <var>V</var>, <var>W</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" title="The Property Descriptor Specification Type"><span class="secnum">6.2.5</span> The Property Descriptor Specification Type</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isaccessordescriptor" title="IsAccessorDescriptor ( Desc )"><span class="secnum">6.2.5.1</span> IsAccessorDescriptor ( <var>Desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor" title="IsDataDescriptor ( Desc )"><span class="secnum">6.2.5.2</span> IsDataDescriptor ( <var>Desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isgenericdescriptor" title="IsGenericDescriptor ( Desc )"><span class="secnum">6.2.5.3</span> IsGenericDescriptor ( <var>Desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-frompropertydescriptor" title="FromPropertyDescriptor ( Desc )"><span class="secnum">6.2.5.4</span> FromPropertyDescriptor ( <var>Desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-topropertydescriptor" title="ToPropertyDescriptor ( Obj )"><span class="secnum">6.2.5.5</span> ToPropertyDescriptor ( <var>Obj</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-completepropertydescriptor" title="CompletePropertyDescriptor ( Desc )"><span class="secnum">6.2.5.6</span> CompletePropertyDescriptor ( <var>Desc</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-lexical-environment-and-environment-record-specification-types" title="The Lexical Environment and Environment Record Specification Types"><span class="secnum">6.2.6</span> The Lexical Environment and Environment Record Specification Types</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-data-blocks" title="Data Blocks"><span class="secnum">6.2.7</span> Data Blocks</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createbytedatablock" title="CreateByteDataBlock ( size )"><span class="secnum">6.2.7.1</span> CreateByteDataBlock ( <var>size</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createsharedbytedatablock" title="CreateSharedByteDataBlock ( size )"><span class="secnum">6.2.7.2</span> CreateSharedByteDataBlock ( <var>size</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copydatablockbytes" title="CopyDataBlockBytes ( toBlock, toIndex, fromBlock, fromIndex, count )"><span class="secnum">6.2.7.3</span> CopyDataBlockBytes ( <var>toBlock</var>, <var>toIndex</var>, <var>fromBlock</var>, <var>fromIndex</var>, <var>count</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations" title="Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">7</span> Abstract Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-type-conversion" title="Type Conversion"><span class="secnum">7.1</span> Type Conversion</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-toprimitive" title="ToPrimitive ( input [ , PreferredType ] )"><span class="secnum">7.1.1</span> ToPrimitive ( <var>input</var> [ , <var>PreferredType</var> ] )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinarytoprimitive" title="OrdinaryToPrimitive ( O, hint )"><span class="secnum">7.1.1.1</span> OrdinaryToPrimitive ( <var>O</var>, <var>hint</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-toboolean" title="ToBoolean ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.2</span> ToBoolean ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-tonumber" title="ToNumber ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.3</span> ToNumber ( <var>argument</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-tonumber-applied-to-the-string-type" title="ToNumber Applied to the String Type"><span class="secnum">7.1.3.1</span> ToNumber Applied to the String Type</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-mv-s" title="Runtime Semantics: MV"><span class="secnum">7.1.3.1.1</span> RS: MV</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-tointeger" title="ToInteger ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.4</span> ToInteger ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-toint32" title="ToInt32 ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.5</span> ToInt32 ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-touint32" title="ToUint32 ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.6</span> ToUint32 ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-toint16" title="ToInt16 ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.7</span> ToInt16 ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-touint16" title="ToUint16 ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.8</span> ToUint16 ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-toint8" title="ToInt8 ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.9</span> ToInt8 ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-touint8" title="ToUint8 ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.10</span> ToUint8 ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-touint8clamp" title="ToUint8Clamp ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.11</span> ToUint8Clamp ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-tostring" title="ToString ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.12</span> ToString ( <var>argument</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-tostring-applied-to-the-number-type" title="NumberToString ( m )"><span class="secnum">7.1.12.1</span> NumberToString ( <var>m</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-toobject" title="ToObject ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.13</span> ToObject ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-topropertykey" title="ToPropertyKey ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.14</span> ToPropertyKey ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-tolength" title="ToLength ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.15</span> ToLength ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-canonicalnumericindexstring" title="CanonicalNumericIndexString ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.1.16</span> CanonicalNumericIndexString ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-toindex" title="ToIndex ( value )"><span class="secnum">7.1.17</span> ToIndex ( <var>value</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-testing-and-comparison-operations" title="Testing and Comparison Operations"><span class="secnum">7.2</span> Testing and Comparison Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-requireobjectcoercible" title="RequireObjectCoercible ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.2.1</span> RequireObjectCoercible ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isarray" title="IsArray ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.2.2</span> IsArray ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-iscallable" title="IsCallable ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.2.3</span> IsCallable ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isconstructor" title="IsConstructor ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.2.4</span> IsConstructor ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isextensible-o" title="IsExtensible ( O )"><span class="secnum">7.2.5</span> IsExtensible ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isinteger" title="IsInteger ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.2.6</span> IsInteger ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ispropertykey" title="IsPropertyKey ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.2.7</span> IsPropertyKey ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isregexp" title="IsRegExp ( argument )"><span class="secnum">7.2.8</span> IsRegExp ( <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isstringprefix" title="IsStringPrefix ( p, q )"><span class="secnum">7.2.9</span> IsStringPrefix ( <var>p</var>, <var>q</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-samevalue" title="SameValue ( x, y )"><span class="secnum">7.2.10</span> SameValue ( <var>x</var>, <var>y</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-samevaluezero" title="SameValueZero ( x, y )"><span class="secnum">7.2.11</span> SameValueZero ( <var>x</var>, <var>y</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-samevaluenonnumber" title="SameValueNonNumber ( x, y )"><span class="secnum">7.2.12</span> SameValueNonNumber ( <var>x</var>, <var>y</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-abstract-relational-comparison" title="Abstract Relational Comparison"><span class="secnum">7.2.13</span> Abstract Relational Comparison</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-abstract-equality-comparison" title="Abstract Equality Comparison"><span class="secnum">7.2.14</span> Abstract Equality Comparison</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-strict-equality-comparison" title="Strict Equality Comparison"><span class="secnum">7.2.15</span> Strict Equality Comparison</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-operations-on-objects" title="Operations on Objects"><span class="secnum">7.3</span> Operations on Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-o-p" title="Get ( O, P )"><span class="secnum">7.3.1</span> Get ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getv" title="GetV ( V, P )"><span class="secnum">7.3.2</span> GetV ( <var>V</var>, <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set-o-p-v-throw" title="Set ( O, P, V, Throw )"><span class="secnum">7.3.3</span> Set ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Throw</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createdataproperty" title="CreateDataProperty ( O, P, V )"><span class="secnum">7.3.4</span> CreateDataProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createmethodproperty" title="CreateMethodProperty ( O, P, V )"><span class="secnum">7.3.5</span> CreateMethodProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createdatapropertyorthrow" title="CreateDataPropertyOrThrow ( O, P, V )"><span class="secnum">7.3.6</span> CreateDataPropertyOrThrow ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-definepropertyorthrow" title="DefinePropertyOrThrow ( O, P, desc )"><span class="secnum">7.3.7</span> DefinePropertyOrThrow ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-deletepropertyorthrow" title="DeletePropertyOrThrow ( O, P )"><span class="secnum">7.3.8</span> DeletePropertyOrThrow ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getmethod" title="GetMethod ( V, P )"><span class="secnum">7.3.9</span> GetMethod ( <var>V</var>, <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-hasproperty" title="HasProperty ( O, P )"><span class="secnum">7.3.10</span> HasProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-hasownproperty" title="HasOwnProperty ( O, P )"><span class="secnum">7.3.11</span> HasOwnProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-call" title="Call ( F, V [ , argumentsList ] )"><span class="secnum">7.3.12</span> Call ( <var>F</var>, <var>V</var> [ , <var>argumentsList</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-construct" title="Construct ( F [ , argumentsList [ , newTarget ] ] )"><span class="secnum">7.3.13</span> Construct ( <var>F</var> [ , <var>argumentsList</var> [ , <var>newTarget</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-setintegritylevel" title="SetIntegrityLevel ( O, level )"><span class="secnum">7.3.14</span> SetIntegrityLevel ( <var>O</var>, <var>level</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-testintegritylevel" title="TestIntegrityLevel ( O, level )"><span class="secnum">7.3.15</span> TestIntegrityLevel ( <var>O</var>, <var>level</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createarrayfromlist" title="CreateArrayFromList ( elements )"><span class="secnum">7.3.16</span> CreateArrayFromList ( <var>elements</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createlistfromarraylike" title="CreateListFromArrayLike ( obj [ , elementTypes ] )"><span class="secnum">7.3.17</span> CreateListFromArrayLike ( <var>obj</var> [ , <var>elementTypes</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-invoke" title="Invoke ( V, P [ , argumentsList ] )"><span class="secnum">7.3.18</span> Invoke ( <var>V</var>, <var>P</var> [ , <var>argumentsList</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinaryhasinstance" title="OrdinaryHasInstance ( C, O )"><span class="secnum">7.3.19</span> OrdinaryHasInstance ( <var>C</var>, <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-speciesconstructor" title="SpeciesConstructor ( O, defaultConstructor )"><span class="secnum">7.3.20</span> SpeciesConstructor ( <var>O</var>, <var>defaultConstructor</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-enumerableownpropertynames" title="EnumerableOwnPropertyNames ( O, kind )"><span class="secnum">7.3.21</span> EnumerableOwnPropertyNames ( <var>O</var>, <var>kind</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getfunctionrealm" title="GetFunctionRealm ( obj )"><span class="secnum">7.3.22</span> GetFunctionRealm ( <var>obj</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copydataproperties" title="CopyDataProperties ( target, source, excludedItems )"><span class="secnum">7.3.23</span> CopyDataProperties ( <var>target</var>, <var>source</var>, <var>excludedItems</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-operations-on-iterator-objects" title="Operations on Iterator Objects"><span class="secnum">7.4</span> Operations on Iterator Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getiterator" title="GetIterator ( obj [ , hint [ , method ] ] )"><span class="secnum">7.4.1</span> GetIterator ( <var>obj</var> [ , <var>hint</var> [ , <var>method</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-iteratornext" title="IteratorNext ( iteratorRecord [ , value ] )"><span class="secnum">7.4.2</span> IteratorNext ( <var>iteratorRecord</var> [ , <var>value</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-iteratorcomplete" title="IteratorComplete ( iterResult )"><span class="secnum">7.4.3</span> IteratorComplete ( <var>iterResult</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-iteratorvalue" title="IteratorValue ( iterResult )"><span class="secnum">7.4.4</span> IteratorValue ( <var>iterResult</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-iteratorstep" title="IteratorStep ( iteratorRecord )"><span class="secnum">7.4.5</span> IteratorStep ( <var>iteratorRecord</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-iteratorclose" title="IteratorClose ( iteratorRecord, completion )"><span class="secnum">7.4.6</span> IteratorClose ( <var>iteratorRecord</var>, <var>completion</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asynciteratorclose" title="AsyncIteratorClose ( iteratorRecord, completion )"><span class="secnum">7.4.7</span> AsyncIteratorClose ( <var>iteratorRecord</var>, <var>completion</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createiterresultobject" title="CreateIterResultObject ( value, done )"><span class="secnum">7.4.8</span> CreateIterResultObject ( <var>value</var>, <var>done</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-createlistiteratorRecord" title="CreateListIteratorRecord ( list )"><span class="secnum">7.4.9</span> CreateListIteratorRecord ( <var>list</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-listiterator-next" title="ListIterator next ( )"><span class="secnum">7.4.9.1</span> ListIterator next ( )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-executable-code-and-execution-contexts" title="Executable Code and Execution Contexts"><span class="secnum">8</span> Executable Code and Execution Contexts</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-lexical-environments" title="Lexical Environments"><span class="secnum">8.1</span> Lexical Environments</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-environment-records" title="Environment Records"><span class="secnum">8.1.1</span> Environment Records</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-declarative-environment-records" title="Declarative Environment Records"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1</span> Declarative Environment Records</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-declarative-environment-records-hasbinding-n" title="HasBinding ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.1</span> HasBinding ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-declarative-environment-records-createmutablebinding-n-d" title="CreateMutableBinding ( N, D )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.2</span> CreateMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>D</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-declarative-environment-records-createimmutablebinding-n-s" title="CreateImmutableBinding ( N, S )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.3</span> CreateImmutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-declarative-environment-records-initializebinding-n-v" title="InitializeBinding ( N, V )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.4</span> InitializeBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-declarative-environment-records-setmutablebinding-n-v-s" title="SetMutableBinding ( N, V, S )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.5</span> SetMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-declarative-environment-records-getbindingvalue-n-s" title="GetBindingValue ( N, S )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.6</span> GetBindingValue ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-declarative-environment-records-deletebinding-n" title="DeleteBinding ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.7</span> DeleteBinding ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-declarative-environment-records-hasthisbinding" title="HasThisBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.8</span> HasThisBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-declarative-environment-records-hassuperbinding" title="HasSuperBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.9</span> HasSuperBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-declarative-environment-records-withbaseobject" title="WithBaseObject ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.10</span> WithBaseObject ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-object-environment-records" title="Object Environment Records"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2</span> Object Environment Records</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-environment-records-hasbinding-n" title="HasBinding ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.1</span> HasBinding ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-environment-records-createmutablebinding-n-d" title="CreateMutableBinding ( N, D )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.2</span> CreateMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>D</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-environment-records-createimmutablebinding-n-s" title="CreateImmutableBinding ( N, S )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.3</span> CreateImmutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-environment-records-initializebinding-n-v" title="InitializeBinding ( N, V )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.4</span> InitializeBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-environment-records-setmutablebinding-n-v-s" title="SetMutableBinding ( N, V, S )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.5</span> SetMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-environment-records-getbindingvalue-n-s" title="GetBindingValue ( N, S )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.6</span> GetBindingValue ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-environment-records-deletebinding-n" title="DeleteBinding ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.7</span> DeleteBinding ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-environment-records-hasthisbinding" title="HasThisBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.8</span> HasThisBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-environment-records-hassuperbinding" title="HasSuperBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.9</span> HasSuperBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-environment-records-withbaseobject" title="WithBaseObject ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.10</span> WithBaseObject ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-function-environment-records" title="Function Environment Records"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3</span> Function Environment Records</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-bindthisvalue" title="BindThisValue ( V )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3.1</span> BindThisValue ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-environment-records-hasthisbinding" title="HasThisBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3.2</span> HasThisBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-environment-records-hassuperbinding" title="HasSuperBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3.3</span> HasSuperBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-environment-records-getthisbinding" title="GetThisBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3.4</span> GetThisBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getsuperbase" title="GetSuperBase ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3.5</span> GetSuperBase ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records" title="Global Environment Records"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4</span> Global Environment Records</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records-hasbinding-n" title="HasBinding ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.1</span> HasBinding ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records-createmutablebinding-n-d" title="CreateMutableBinding ( N, D )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.2</span> CreateMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>D</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records-createimmutablebinding-n-s" title="CreateImmutableBinding ( N, S )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.3</span> CreateImmutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records-initializebinding-n-v" title="InitializeBinding ( N, V )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.4</span> InitializeBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records-setmutablebinding-n-v-s" title="SetMutableBinding ( N, V, S )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.5</span> SetMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records-getbindingvalue-n-s" title="GetBindingValue ( N, S )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.6</span> GetBindingValue ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records-deletebinding-n" title="DeleteBinding ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.7</span> DeleteBinding ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records-hasthisbinding" title="HasThisBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.8</span> HasThisBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records-hassuperbinding" title="HasSuperBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.9</span> HasSuperBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records-withbaseobject" title="WithBaseObject ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.10</span> WithBaseObject ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-global-environment-records-getthisbinding" title="GetThisBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.11</span> GetThisBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-hasvardeclaration" title="HasVarDeclaration ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.12</span> HasVarDeclaration ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-haslexicaldeclaration" title="HasLexicalDeclaration ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.13</span> HasLexicalDeclaration ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-hasrestrictedglobalproperty" title="HasRestrictedGlobalProperty ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.14</span> HasRestrictedGlobalProperty ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-candeclareglobalvar" title="CanDeclareGlobalVar ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.15</span> CanDeclareGlobalVar ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-candeclareglobalfunction" title="CanDeclareGlobalFunction ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.16</span> CanDeclareGlobalFunction ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createglobalvarbinding" title="CreateGlobalVarBinding ( N, D )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.17</span> CreateGlobalVarBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>D</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createglobalfunctionbinding" title="CreateGlobalFunctionBinding ( N, V, D )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.18</span> CreateGlobalFunctionBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>D</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-module-environment-records" title="Module Environment Records"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5</span> Module Environment Records</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-environment-records-getbindingvalue-n-s" title="GetBindingValue ( N, S )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5.1</span> GetBindingValue ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-environment-records-deletebinding-n" title="DeleteBinding ( N )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5.2</span> DeleteBinding ( <var>N</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-environment-records-hasthisbinding" title="HasThisBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5.3</span> HasThisBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-environment-records-getthisbinding" title="GetThisBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5.4</span> GetThisBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createimportbinding" title="CreateImportBinding ( N, M, N2 )"><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5.5</span> CreateImportBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>M</var>, <var>N2</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-lexical-environment-operations" title="Lexical Environment Operations"><span class="secnum">8.1.2</span> Lexical Environment Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getidentifierreference" title="GetIdentifierReference ( lex, name, strict )"><span class="secnum">8.1.2.1</span> GetIdentifierReference ( <var>lex</var>, <var>name</var>, <var>strict</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-newdeclarativeenvironment" title="NewDeclarativeEnvironment ( E )"><span class="secnum">8.1.2.2</span> NewDeclarativeEnvironment ( <var>E</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-newobjectenvironment" title="NewObjectEnvironment ( O, E )"><span class="secnum">8.1.2.3</span> NewObjectEnvironment ( <var>O</var>, <var>E</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-newfunctionenvironment" title="NewFunctionEnvironment ( F, newTarget )"><span class="secnum">8.1.2.4</span> NewFunctionEnvironment ( <var>F</var>, <var>newTarget</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-newglobalenvironment" title="NewGlobalEnvironment ( G, thisValue )"><span class="secnum">8.1.2.5</span> NewGlobalEnvironment ( <var>G</var>, <var>thisValue</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-newmoduleenvironment" title="NewModuleEnvironment ( E )"><span class="secnum">8.1.2.6</span> NewModuleEnvironment ( <var>E</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-code-realms" title="Realms"><span class="secnum">8.2</span> Realms</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createrealm" title="CreateRealm ( )"><span class="secnum">8.2.1</span> CreateRealm ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createintrinsics" title="CreateIntrinsics ( realmRec )"><span class="secnum">8.2.2</span> CreateIntrinsics ( <var>realmRec</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-setrealmglobalobject" title="SetRealmGlobalObject ( realmRec, globalObj, thisValue )"><span class="secnum">8.2.3</span> SetRealmGlobalObject ( <var>realmRec</var>, <var>globalObj</var>, <var>thisValue</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-setdefaultglobalbindings" title="SetDefaultGlobalBindings ( realmRec )"><span class="secnum">8.2.4</span> SetDefaultGlobalBindings ( <var>realmRec</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-execution-contexts" title="Execution Contexts"><span class="secnum">8.3</span> Execution Contexts</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getactivescriptormodule" title="GetActiveScriptOrModule ( )"><span class="secnum">8.3.1</span> GetActiveScriptOrModule ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-resolvebinding" title="ResolveBinding ( name [ , env ] )"><span class="secnum">8.3.2</span> ResolveBinding ( <var>name</var> [ , <var>env</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getthisenvironment" title="GetThisEnvironment ( )"><span class="secnum">8.3.3</span> GetThisEnvironment ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-resolvethisbinding" title="ResolveThisBinding ( )"><span class="secnum">8.3.4</span> ResolveThisBinding ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getnewtarget" title="GetNewTarget ( )"><span class="secnum">8.3.5</span> GetNewTarget ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getglobalobject" title="GetGlobalObject ( )"><span class="secnum">8.3.6</span> GetGlobalObject ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-jobs-and-job-queues" title="Jobs and Job Queues"><span class="secnum">8.4</span> Jobs and Job Queues</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-enqueuejob" title="EnqueueJob ( queueName, job, arguments )"><span class="secnum">8.4.1</span> EnqueueJob ( <var>queueName</var>, <var>job</var>, <var>arguments</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-initializehostdefinedrealm" title="InitializeHostDefinedRealm ( )"><span class="secnum">8.5</span> InitializeHostDefinedRealm ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runjobs" title="RunJobs ( )"><span class="secnum">8.6</span> RunJobs ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-agents" title="Agents"><span class="secnum">8.7</span> Agents</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-agentsignifier" title="AgentSignifier ( )"><span class="secnum">8.7.1</span> AgentSignifier ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-agentcansuspend" title="AgentCanSuspend ( )"><span class="secnum">8.7.2</span> AgentCanSuspend ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-agent-clusters" title="Agent Clusters"><span class="secnum">8.8</span> Agent Clusters</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-forward-progress" title="Forward Progress"><span class="secnum">8.9</span> Forward Progress</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-and-exotic-objects-behaviours" title="Ordinary and Exotic Objects Behaviours"><span class="secnum">9</span> Ordinary and Exotic Objects Behaviours</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots" title="Ordinary Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots"><span class="secnum">9.1</span> Ordinary Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getprototypeof" title="[[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.1.1</span> [[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinarygetprototypeof" title="OrdinaryGetPrototypeOf ( O )"><span class="secnum">9.1.1.1</span> OrdinaryGetPrototypeOf ( <var>O</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-setprototypeof-v" title="[[SetPrototypeOf]] ( V )"><span class="secnum">9.1.2</span> [[SetPrototypeOf]] ( <var>V</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinarysetprototypeof" title="OrdinarySetPrototypeOf ( O, V )"><span class="secnum">9.1.2.1</span> OrdinarySetPrototypeOf ( <var>O</var>, <var>V</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-isextensible" title="[[IsExtensible]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.1.3</span> [[IsExtensible]] ( )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinaryisextensible" title="OrdinaryIsExtensible ( O )"><span class="secnum">9.1.3.1</span> OrdinaryIsExtensible ( <var>O</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-preventextensions" title="[[PreventExtensions]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.1.4</span> [[PreventExtensions]] ( )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinarypreventextensions" title="OrdinaryPreventExtensions ( O )"><span class="secnum">9.1.4.1</span> OrdinaryPreventExtensions ( <var>O</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getownproperty-p" title="[[GetOwnProperty]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.1.5</span> [[GetOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinarygetownproperty" title="OrdinaryGetOwnProperty ( O, P )"><span class="secnum">9.1.5.1</span> OrdinaryGetOwnProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-defineownproperty-p-desc" title="[[DefineOwnProperty]] ( P, Desc )"><span class="secnum">9.1.6</span> [[DefineOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinarydefineownproperty" title="OrdinaryDefineOwnProperty ( O, P, Desc )"><span class="secnum">9.1.6.1</span> OrdinaryDefineOwnProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-iscompatiblepropertydescriptor" title="IsCompatiblePropertyDescriptor ( Extensible, Desc, Current )"><span class="secnum">9.1.6.2</span> IsCompatiblePropertyDescriptor ( <var>Extensible</var>, <var>Desc</var>, <var>Current</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-validateandapplypropertydescriptor" title="ValidateAndApplyPropertyDescriptor ( O, P, extensible, Desc, current )"><span class="secnum">9.1.6.3</span> ValidateAndApplyPropertyDescriptor ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>extensible</var>, <var>Desc</var>, <var>current</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-hasproperty-p" title="[[HasProperty]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.1.7</span> [[HasProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinaryhasproperty" title="OrdinaryHasProperty ( O, P )"><span class="secnum">9.1.7.1</span> OrdinaryHasProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-get-p-receiver" title="[[Get]] ( P, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.1.8</span> [[Get]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinaryget" title="OrdinaryGet ( O, P, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.1.8.1</span> OrdinaryGet ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-set-p-v-receiver" title="[[Set]] ( P, V, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.1.9</span> [[Set]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinaryset" title="OrdinarySet ( O, P, V, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.1.9.1</span> OrdinarySet ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinarysetwithowndescriptor" title="OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor ( O, P, V, Receiver, ownDesc )"><span class="secnum">9.1.9.2</span> OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var>, <var>ownDesc</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-delete-p" title="[[Delete]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.1.10</span> [[Delete]] ( <var>P</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinarydelete" title="OrdinaryDelete ( O, P )"><span class="secnum">9.1.10.1</span> OrdinaryDelete ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-ownpropertykeys" title="[[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.1.11</span> [[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinaryownpropertykeys" title="OrdinaryOwnPropertyKeys ( O )"><span class="secnum">9.1.11.1</span> OrdinaryOwnPropertyKeys ( <var>O</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-objectcreate" title="ObjectCreate ( proto [ , internalSlotsList ] )"><span class="secnum">9.1.12</span> ObjectCreate ( <var>proto</var> [ , <var>internalSlotsList</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor" title="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor ( constructor, intrinsicDefaultProto [ , internalSlotsList ] )"><span class="secnum">9.1.13</span> OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor ( <var>constructor</var>, <var>intrinsicDefaultProto</var> [ , <var>internalSlotsList</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getprototypefromconstructor" title="GetPrototypeFromConstructor ( constructor, intrinsicDefaultProto )"><span class="secnum">9.1.14</span> GetPrototypeFromConstructor ( <var>constructor</var>, <var>intrinsicDefaultProto</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-function-objects" title="ECMAScript Function Objects"><span class="secnum">9.2</span> ECMAScript Function Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist" title="[[Call]] ( thisArgument, argumentsList )"><span class="secnum">9.2.1</span> [[Call]] ( <var>thisArgument</var>, <var>argumentsList</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-prepareforordinarycall" title="PrepareForOrdinaryCall ( F, newTarget )"><span class="secnum">9.2.1.1</span> PrepareForOrdinaryCall ( <var>F</var>, <var>newTarget</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinarycallbindthis" title="OrdinaryCallBindThis ( F, calleeContext, thisArgument )"><span class="secnum">9.2.1.2</span> OrdinaryCallBindThis ( <var>F</var>, <var>calleeContext</var>, <var>thisArgument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ordinarycallevaluatebody" title="OrdinaryCallEvaluateBody ( F, argumentsList )"><span class="secnum">9.2.1.3</span> OrdinaryCallEvaluateBody ( <var>F</var>, <var>argumentsList</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-construct-argumentslist-newtarget" title="[[Construct]] ( argumentsList, newTarget )"><span class="secnum">9.2.2</span> [[Construct]] ( <var>argumentsList</var>, <var>newTarget</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-functionallocate" title="FunctionAllocate ( functionPrototype, strict, functionKind )"><span class="secnum">9.2.3</span> FunctionAllocate ( <var>functionPrototype</var>, <var>strict</var>, <var>functionKind</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-functioninitialize" title="FunctionInitialize ( F, kind, ParameterList, Body, Scope )"><span class="secnum">9.2.4</span> FunctionInitialize ( <var>F</var>, <var>kind</var>, <var>ParameterList</var>, <var>Body</var>, <var>Scope</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-functioncreate" title="FunctionCreate ( kind, ParameterList, Body, Scope, Strict [ , prototype ] )"><span class="secnum">9.2.5</span> FunctionCreate ( <var>kind</var>, <var>ParameterList</var>, <var>Body</var>, <var>Scope</var>, <var>Strict</var> [ , <var>prototype</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorfunctioncreate" title="GeneratorFunctionCreate ( kind, ParameterList, Body, Scope, Strict )"><span class="secnum">9.2.6</span> GeneratorFunctionCreate ( <var>kind</var>, <var>ParameterList</var>, <var>Body</var>, <var>Scope</var>, <var>Strict</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunctioncreate" title="AsyncGeneratorFunctionCreate ( kind, ParameterList, Body, Scope, Strict )"><span class="secnum">9.2.7</span> AsyncGeneratorFunctionCreate ( <var>kind</var>, <var>ParameterList</var>, <var>Body</var>, <var>Scope</var>, <var>Strict</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-functions-abstract-operations-async-function-create" title="AsyncFunctionCreate ( kind, parameters, body, Scope, Strict )"><span class="secnum">9.2.8</span> AsyncFunctionCreate ( <var>kind</var>, <var>parameters</var>, <var>body</var>, <var>Scope</var>, <var>Strict</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-addrestrictedfunctionproperties" title="AddRestrictedFunctionProperties ( F, realm )"><span class="secnum">9.2.9</span> AddRestrictedFunctionProperties ( <var>F</var>, <var>realm</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%" title="%ThrowTypeError% ( )"><span class="secnum">9.2.9.1</span> %ThrowTypeError% ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-makeconstructor" title="MakeConstructor ( F [ , writablePrototype [ , prototype ] ] )"><span class="secnum">9.2.10</span> MakeConstructor ( <var>F</var> [ , <var>writablePrototype</var> [ , <var>prototype</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-makeclassconstructor" title="MakeClassConstructor ( F )"><span class="secnum">9.2.11</span> MakeClassConstructor ( <var>F</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-makemethod" title="MakeMethod ( F, homeObject )"><span class="secnum">9.2.12</span> MakeMethod ( <var>F</var>, <var>homeObject</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-setfunctionname" title="SetFunctionName ( F, name [ , prefix ] )"><span class="secnum">9.2.13</span> SetFunctionName ( <var>F</var>, <var>name</var> [ , <var>prefix</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-setfunctionlength" title="SetFunctionLength ( F, length )"><span class="secnum">9.2.14</span> SetFunctionLength ( <var>F</var>, <var>length</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-functiondeclarationinstantiation" title="FunctionDeclarationInstantiation ( func, argumentsList )"><span class="secnum">9.2.15</span> FunctionDeclarationInstantiation ( <var>func</var>, <var>argumentsList</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-built-in-function-objects" title="Built-in Function Objects"><span class="secnum">9.3</span> Built-in Function Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-built-in-function-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist" title="[[Call]] ( thisArgument, argumentsList )"><span class="secnum">9.3.1</span> [[Call]] ( <var>thisArgument</var>, <var>argumentsList</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-built-in-function-objects-construct-argumentslist-newtarget" title="[[Construct]] ( argumentsList, newTarget )"><span class="secnum">9.3.2</span> [[Construct]] ( <var>argumentsList</var>, <var>newTarget</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createbuiltinfunction" title="CreateBuiltinFunction ( steps, internalSlotsList [ , realm [ , prototype ] ] )"><span class="secnum">9.3.3</span> CreateBuiltinFunction ( <var>steps</var>, <var>internalSlotsList</var> [ , <var>realm</var> [ , <var>prototype</var> ] ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-built-in-exotic-object-internal-methods-and-slots" title="Built-in Exotic Object Internal Methods and Slots"><span class="secnum">9.4</span> Built-in Exotic Object Internal Methods and Slots</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-bound-function-exotic-objects" title="Bound Function Exotic Objects"><span class="secnum">9.4.1</span> Bound Function Exotic Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-bound-function-exotic-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist" title="[[Call]] ( thisArgument, argumentsList )"><span class="secnum">9.4.1.1</span> [[Call]] ( <var>thisArgument</var>, <var>argumentsList</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-bound-function-exotic-objects-construct-argumentslist-newtarget" title="[[Construct]] ( argumentsList, newTarget )"><span class="secnum">9.4.1.2</span> [[Construct]] ( <var>argumentsList</var>, <var>newTarget</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-boundfunctioncreate" title="BoundFunctionCreate ( targetFunction, boundThis, boundArgs )"><span class="secnum">9.4.1.3</span> BoundFunctionCreate ( <var>targetFunction</var>, <var>boundThis</var>, <var>boundArgs</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-array-exotic-objects" title="Array Exotic Objects"><span class="secnum">9.4.2</span> Array Exotic Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array-exotic-objects-defineownproperty-p-desc" title="[[DefineOwnProperty]] ( P, Desc )"><span class="secnum">9.4.2.1</span> [[DefineOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arraycreate" title="ArrayCreate ( length [ , proto ] )"><span class="secnum">9.4.2.2</span> ArrayCreate ( <var>length</var> [ , <var>proto</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrayspeciescreate" title="ArraySpeciesCreate ( originalArray, length )"><span class="secnum">9.4.2.3</span> ArraySpeciesCreate ( <var>originalArray</var>, <var>length</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arraysetlength" title="ArraySetLength ( A, Desc )"><span class="secnum">9.4.2.4</span> ArraySetLength ( <var>A</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-string-exotic-objects" title="String Exotic Objects"><span class="secnum">9.4.3</span> String Exotic Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string-exotic-objects-getownproperty-p" title="[[GetOwnProperty]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.4.3.1</span> [[GetOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string-exotic-objects-defineownproperty-p-desc" title="[[DefineOwnProperty]] ( P, Desc )"><span class="secnum">9.4.3.2</span> [[DefineOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string-exotic-objects-ownpropertykeys" title="[[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.4.3.3</span> [[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-stringcreate" title="StringCreate ( value, prototype )"><span class="secnum">9.4.3.4</span> StringCreate ( <var>value</var>, <var>prototype</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-stringgetownproperty" title="StringGetOwnProperty ( S, P )"><span class="secnum">9.4.3.5</span> StringGetOwnProperty ( <var>S</var>, <var>P</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-arguments-exotic-objects" title="Arguments Exotic Objects"><span class="secnum">9.4.4</span> Arguments Exotic Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arguments-exotic-objects-getownproperty-p" title="[[GetOwnProperty]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.4.4.1</span> [[GetOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arguments-exotic-objects-defineownproperty-p-desc" title="[[DefineOwnProperty]] ( P, Desc )"><span class="secnum">9.4.4.2</span> [[DefineOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arguments-exotic-objects-get-p-receiver" title="[[Get]] ( P, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.4.4.3</span> [[Get]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arguments-exotic-objects-set-p-v-receiver" title="[[Set]] ( P, V, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.4.4.4</span> [[Set]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arguments-exotic-objects-delete-p" title="[[Delete]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.4.4.5</span> [[Delete]] ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createunmappedargumentsobject" title="CreateUnmappedArgumentsObject ( argumentsList )"><span class="secnum">9.4.4.6</span> CreateUnmappedArgumentsObject ( <var>argumentsList</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-createmappedargumentsobject" title="CreateMappedArgumentsObject ( func, formals, argumentsList, env )"><span class="secnum">9.4.4.7</span> CreateMappedArgumentsObject ( <var>func</var>, <var>formals</var>, <var>argumentsList</var>, <var>env</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-makearggetter" title="MakeArgGetter ( name, env )"><span class="secnum">9.4.4.7.1</span> MakeArgGetter ( <var>name</var>, <var>env</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-makeargsetter" title="MakeArgSetter ( name, env )"><span class="secnum">9.4.4.7.2</span> MakeArgSetter ( <var>name</var>, <var>env</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-integer-indexed-exotic-objects" title="Integer-Indexed Exotic Objects"><span class="secnum">9.4.5</span> Integer-Indexed Exotic Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-integer-indexed-exotic-objects-getownproperty-p" title="[[GetOwnProperty]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.4.5.1</span> [[GetOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-integer-indexed-exotic-objects-hasproperty-p" title="[[HasProperty]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.4.5.2</span> [[HasProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-integer-indexed-exotic-objects-defineownproperty-p-desc" title="[[DefineOwnProperty]] ( P, Desc )"><span class="secnum">9.4.5.3</span> [[DefineOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-integer-indexed-exotic-objects-get-p-receiver" title="[[Get]] ( P, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.4.5.4</span> [[Get]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-integer-indexed-exotic-objects-set-p-v-receiver" title="[[Set]] ( P, V, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.4.5.5</span> [[Set]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-integer-indexed-exotic-objects-ownpropertykeys" title="[[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.4.5.6</span> [[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-integerindexedobjectcreate" title="IntegerIndexedObjectCreate ( prototype, internalSlotsList )"><span class="secnum">9.4.5.7</span> IntegerIndexedObjectCreate ( <var>prototype</var>, <var>internalSlotsList</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-integerindexedelementget" title="IntegerIndexedElementGet ( O, index )"><span class="secnum">9.4.5.8</span> IntegerIndexedElementGet ( <var>O</var>, <var>index</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-integerindexedelementset" title="IntegerIndexedElementSet ( O, index, value )"><span class="secnum">9.4.5.9</span> IntegerIndexedElementSet ( <var>O</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects" title="Module Namespace Exotic Objects"><span class="secnum">9.4.6</span> Module Namespace Exotic Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects-setprototypeof-v" title="[[SetPrototypeOf]] ( V )"><span class="secnum">9.4.6.1</span> [[SetPrototypeOf]] ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects-isextensible" title="[[IsExtensible]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.4.6.2</span> [[IsExtensible]] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects-preventextensions" title="[[PreventExtensions]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.4.6.3</span> [[PreventExtensions]] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects-getownproperty-p" title="[[GetOwnProperty]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.4.6.4</span> [[GetOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects-defineownproperty-p-desc" title="[[DefineOwnProperty]] ( P, Desc )"><span class="secnum">9.4.6.5</span> [[DefineOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects-hasproperty-p" title="[[HasProperty]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.4.6.6</span> [[HasProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects-get-p-receiver" title="[[Get]] ( P, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.4.6.7</span> [[Get]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects-set-p-v-receiver" title="[[Set]] ( P, V, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.4.6.8</span> [[Set]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects-delete-p" title="[[Delete]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.4.6.9</span> [[Delete]] ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects-ownpropertykeys" title="[[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.4.6.10</span> [[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-modulenamespacecreate" title="ModuleNamespaceCreate ( module, exports )"><span class="secnum">9.4.6.11</span> ModuleNamespaceCreate ( <var>module</var>, <var>exports</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-immutable-prototype-exotic-objects" title="Immutable Prototype Exotic Objects"><span class="secnum">9.4.7</span> Immutable Prototype Exotic Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-immutable-prototype-exotic-objects-setprototypeof-v" title="[[SetPrototypeOf]] ( V )"><span class="secnum">9.4.7.1</span> [[SetPrototypeOf]] ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set-immutable-prototype" title="SetImmutablePrototype ( O, V )"><span class="secnum">9.4.7.2</span> SetImmutablePrototype ( <var>O</var>, <var>V</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots" title="Proxy Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots"><span class="secnum">9.5</span> Proxy Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getprototypeof" title="[[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.5.1</span> [[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-setprototypeof-v" title="[[SetPrototypeOf]] ( V )"><span class="secnum">9.5.2</span> [[SetPrototypeOf]] ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-isextensible" title="[[IsExtensible]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.5.3</span> [[IsExtensible]] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-preventextensions" title="[[PreventExtensions]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.5.4</span> [[PreventExtensions]] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getownproperty-p" title="[[GetOwnProperty]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.5.5</span> [[GetOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-defineownproperty-p-desc" title="[[DefineOwnProperty]] ( P, Desc )"><span class="secnum">9.5.6</span> [[DefineOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-hasproperty-p" title="[[HasProperty]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.5.7</span> [[HasProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-get-p-receiver" title="[[Get]] ( P, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.5.8</span> [[Get]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-set-p-v-receiver" title="[[Set]] ( P, V, Receiver )"><span class="secnum">9.5.9</span> [[Set]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-delete-p" title="[[Delete]] ( P )"><span class="secnum">9.5.10</span> [[Delete]] ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-ownpropertykeys" title="[[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )"><span class="secnum">9.5.11</span> [[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-call-thisargument-argumentslist" title="[[Call]] ( thisArgument, argumentsList )"><span class="secnum">9.5.12</span> [[Call]] ( <var>thisArgument</var>, <var>argumentsList</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-construct-argumentslist-newtarget" title="[[Construct]] ( argumentsList, newTarget )"><span class="secnum">9.5.13</span> [[Construct]] ( <var>argumentsList</var>, <var>newTarget</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxycreate" title="ProxyCreate ( target, handler )"><span class="secnum">9.5.14</span> ProxyCreate ( <var>target</var>, <var>handler</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-source-code" title="ECMAScript Language: Source Code"><span class="secnum">10</span> ECMAScript Language: Source Code</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-source-text" title="Source Text"><span class="secnum">10.1</span> Source Text</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-utf16encoding" title="Static Semantics: UTF16Encoding ( cp )"><span class="secnum">10.1.1</span> SS: UTF16Encoding ( <var>cp</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-utf16decode" title="Static Semantics: UTF16Decode ( lead, trail )"><span class="secnum">10.1.2</span> SS: UTF16Decode ( <var>lead</var>, <var>trail</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-types-of-source-code" title="Types of Source Code"><span class="secnum">10.2</span> Types of Source Code</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-strict-mode-code" title="Strict Mode Code"><span class="secnum">10.2.1</span> Strict Mode Code</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-non-ecmascript-functions" title="Non-ECMAScript Functions"><span class="secnum">10.2.2</span> Non-ECMAScript Functions</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-lexical-grammar" title="ECMAScript Language: Lexical Grammar"><span class="secnum">11</span> ECMAScript Language: Lexical Grammar</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-unicode-format-control-characters" title="Unicode Format-Control Characters"><span class="secnum">11.1</span> Unicode Format-Control Characters</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-white-space" title="White Space"><span class="secnum">11.2</span> White Space</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-line-terminators" title="Line Terminators"><span class="secnum">11.3</span> Line Terminators</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-comments" title="Comments"><span class="secnum">11.4</span> Comments</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-tokens" title="Tokens"><span class="secnum">11.5</span> Tokens</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-names-and-keywords" title="Names and Keywords"><span class="secnum">11.6</span> Names and Keywords</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-identifier-names" title="Identifier Names"><span class="secnum">11.6.1</span> Identifier Names</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-identifier-names-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">11.6.1.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-identifier-names-static-semantics-stringvalue" title="Static Semantics: StringValue"><span class="secnum">11.6.1.2</span> SS: StringValue</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-reserved-words" title="Reserved Words"><span class="secnum">11.6.2</span> Reserved Words</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-keywords" title="Keywords"><span class="secnum">11.6.2.1</span> Keywords</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-future-reserved-words" title="Future Reserved Words"><span class="secnum">11.6.2.2</span> Future Reserved Words</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-punctuators" title="Punctuators"><span class="secnum">11.7</span> Punctuators</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-lexical-grammar-literals" title="Literals"><span class="secnum">11.8</span> Literals</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-null-literals" title="Null Literals"><span class="secnum">11.8.1</span> Null Literals</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-boolean-literals" title="Boolean Literals"><span class="secnum">11.8.2</span> Boolean Literals</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-literals-numeric-literals" title="Numeric Literals"><span class="secnum">11.8.3</span> Numeric Literals</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-mv" title="Static Semantics: MV"><span class="secnum">11.8.3.1</span> SS: MV</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-literals-string-literals" title="String Literals"><span class="secnum">11.8.4</span> String Literals</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string-literals-static-semantics-stringvalue" title="Static Semantics: StringValue"><span class="secnum">11.8.4.1</span> SS: StringValue</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-sv" title="Static Semantics: SV"><span class="secnum">11.8.4.2</span> SS: SV</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-literals-regular-expression-literals" title="Regular Expression Literals"><span class="secnum">11.8.5</span> Regular Expression Literals</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-literals-regular-expression-literals-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">11.8.5.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-bodytext" title="Static Semantics: BodyText"><span class="secnum">11.8.5.2</span> SS: BodyText</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-flagtext" title="Static Semantics: FlagText"><span class="secnum">11.8.5.3</span> SS: FlagText</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-template-literal-lexical-components" title="Template Literal Lexical Components"><span class="secnum">11.8.6</span> Template Literal Lexical Components</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-tv-and-trv" title="Static Semantics: TV and TRV"><span class="secnum">11.8.6.1</span> SS: TV and TRV</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-automatic-semicolon-insertion" title="Automatic Semicolon Insertion"><span class="secnum">11.9</span> Automatic Semicolon Insertion</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-rules-of-automatic-semicolon-insertion" title="Rules of Automatic Semicolon Insertion"><span class="secnum">11.9.1</span> Rules of Automatic Semicolon Insertion</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-examples-of-automatic-semicolon-insertion" title="Examples of Automatic Semicolon Insertion"><span class="secnum">11.9.2</span> Examples of Automatic Semicolon Insertion</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-expressions" title="ECMAScript Language: Expressions"><span class="secnum">12</span> ECMAScript Language: Expressions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-identifiers" title="Identifiers"><span class="secnum">12.1</span> Identifiers</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-identifiers-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">12.1.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-identifiers-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">12.1.2</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-identifiers-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.1.3</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-identifiers-static-semantics-stringvalue" title="Static Semantics: StringValue"><span class="secnum">12.1.4</span> SS: StringValue</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-identifiers-runtime-semantics-bindinginitialization" title="Runtime Semantics: BindingInitialization"><span class="secnum">12.1.5</span> RS: BindingInitialization</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-initializeboundname" title="Runtime Semantics: InitializeBoundName ( name, value, environment )"><span class="secnum">12.1.5.1</span> RS: InitializeBoundName ( <var>name</var>, <var>value</var>, <var>environment</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-identifiers-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.1.6</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-primary-expression" title="Primary Expression"><span class="secnum">12.2</span> Primary Expression</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-primary-expression-semantics" title="Semantics"><span class="secnum">12.2.1</span> Semantics</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-coveredparenthesizedexpression" title="Static Semantics: CoveredParenthesizedExpression"><span class="secnum">12.2.1.1</span> SS: CoveredParenthesizedExpression</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-semantics-static-semantics-hasname" title="Static Semantics: HasName"><span class="secnum">12.2.1.2</span> SS: HasName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-semantics-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.2.1.3</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-semantics-static-semantics-isidentifierref" title="Static Semantics: IsIdentifierRef"><span class="secnum">12.2.1.4</span> SS: IsIdentifierRef</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-semantics-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.2.1.5</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-this-keyword" title="The this Keyword"><span class="secnum">12.2.2</span> The <code>this</code> Keyword</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-this-keyword-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.2.2.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-identifier-reference" title="Identifier Reference"><span class="secnum">12.2.3</span> Identifier Reference</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-primary-expression-literals" title="Literals"><span class="secnum">12.2.4</span> Literals</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-literals-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.2.4.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-array-initializer" title="Array Initializer"><span class="secnum">12.2.5</span> Array Initializer</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-elisionwidth" title="Static Semantics: ElisionWidth"><span class="secnum">12.2.5.1</span> SS: ElisionWidth</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-arrayaccumulation" title="Runtime Semantics: ArrayAccumulation"><span class="secnum">12.2.5.2</span> RS: ArrayAccumulation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array-initializer-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.2.5.3</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-object-initializer" title="Object Initializer"><span class="secnum">12.2.6</span> Object Initializer</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-initializer-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">12.2.6.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-initializer-static-semantics-computedpropertycontains" title="Static Semantics: ComputedPropertyContains"><span class="secnum">12.2.6.2</span> SS: ComputedPropertyContains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-initializer-static-semantics-contains" title="Static Semantics: Contains"><span class="secnum">12.2.6.3</span> SS: Contains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-iscomputedpropertykey" title="Static Semantics: IsComputedPropertyKey"><span class="secnum">12.2.6.4</span> SS: IsComputedPropertyKey</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-initializer-static-semantics-propname" title="Static Semantics: PropName"><span class="secnum">12.2.6.5</span> SS: PropName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-propertynamelist" title="Static Semantics: PropertyNameList"><span class="secnum">12.2.6.6</span> SS: PropertyNameList</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-initializer-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.2.6.7</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-initializer-runtime-semantics-propertydefinitionevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation"><span class="secnum">12.2.6.8</span> RS: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-defining-expressions" title="Function Defining Expressions"><span class="secnum">12.2.7</span> Function Defining Expressions</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-primary-expression-regular-expression-literals" title="Regular Expression Literals"><span class="secnum">12.2.8</span> Regular Expression Literals</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-primary-expression-regular-expression-literals-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">12.2.8.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regular-expression-literals-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.2.8.2</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-template-literals" title="Template Literals"><span class="secnum">12.2.9</span> Template Literals</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-template-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">12.2.9.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-templatestrings" title="Static Semantics: TemplateStrings"><span class="secnum">12.2.9.2</span> SS: TemplateStrings</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-template-literals-runtime-semantics-argumentlistevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: ArgumentListEvaluation"><span class="secnum">12.2.9.3</span> RS: ArgumentListEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-gettemplateobject" title="Runtime Semantics: GetTemplateObject ( templateLiteral )"><span class="secnum">12.2.9.4</span> RS: GetTemplateObject ( <var>templateLiteral</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-substitutionevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: SubstitutionEvaluation"><span class="secnum">12.2.9.5</span> RS: SubstitutionEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-template-literals-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.2.9.6</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-grouping-operator" title="The Grouping Operator"><span class="secnum">12.2.10</span> The Grouping Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-grouping-operator-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">12.2.10.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-grouping-operator-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.2.10.2</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-grouping-operator-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.2.10.3</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-grouping-operator-runtime-semantics-namedevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: NamedEvaluation"><span class="secnum">12.2.10.4</span> RS: NamedEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-grouping-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.2.10.5</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-left-hand-side-expressions" title="Left-Hand-Side Expressions"><span class="secnum">12.3</span> Left-Hand-Side Expressions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-static-semantics" title="Static Semantics"><span class="secnum">12.3.1</span> Static Semantics</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-left-hand-side-expressions-static-semantics-coveredcallexpression" title="Static Semantics: CoveredCallExpression"><span class="secnum">12.3.1.1</span> SS: CoveredCallExpression</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-static-semantics-contains" title="Static Semantics: Contains"><span class="secnum">12.3.1.2</span> SS: Contains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.3.1.3</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-static-semantics-isdestructuring" title="Static Semantics: IsDestructuring"><span class="secnum">12.3.1.4</span> SS: IsDestructuring</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-static-semantics-isidentifierref" title="Static Semantics: IsIdentifierRef"><span class="secnum">12.3.1.5</span> SS: IsIdentifierRef</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.3.1.6</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-property-accessors" title="Property Accessors"><span class="secnum">12.3.2</span> Property Accessors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-property-accessors-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.3.2.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-new-operator" title="The new Operator"><span class="secnum">12.3.3</span> The <code>new</code> Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-new-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.3.3.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-evaluatenew" title="Runtime Semantics: EvaluateNew ( constructExpr, arguments )"><span class="secnum">12.3.3.1.1</span> RS: EvaluateNew ( <var>constructExpr</var>, <var>arguments</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-function-calls" title="Function Calls"><span class="secnum">12.3.4</span> Function Calls</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-calls-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.3.4.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-evaluatecall" title="Runtime Semantics: EvaluateCall ( func, ref, arguments, tailPosition )"><span class="secnum">12.3.4.2</span> RS: EvaluateCall ( <var>func</var>, <var>ref</var>, <var>arguments</var>, <var>tailPosition</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-super-keyword" title="The super Keyword"><span class="secnum">12.3.5</span> The <code>super</code> Keyword</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-super-keyword-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.3.5.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getsuperconstructor" title="Runtime Semantics: GetSuperConstructor ( )"><span class="secnum">12.3.5.2</span> RS: GetSuperConstructor ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-makesuperpropertyreference" title="Runtime Semantics: MakeSuperPropertyReference ( actualThis, propertyKey, strict )"><span class="secnum">12.3.5.3</span> RS: MakeSuperPropertyReference ( <var>actualThis</var>, <var>propertyKey</var>, <var>strict</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-argument-lists" title="Argument Lists"><span class="secnum">12.3.6</span> Argument Lists</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-argument-lists-runtime-semantics-argumentlistevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: ArgumentListEvaluation"><span class="secnum">12.3.6.1</span> RS: ArgumentListEvaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-tagged-templates" title="Tagged Templates"><span class="secnum">12.3.7</span> Tagged Templates</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-tagged-templates-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.3.7.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-meta-properties" title="Meta Properties"><span class="secnum">12.3.8</span> Meta Properties</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-meta-properties-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.3.8.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-update-expressions" title="Update Expressions"><span class="secnum">12.4</span> Update Expressions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-update-expressions-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">12.4.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-update-expressions-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.4.2</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-update-expressions-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.4.3</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-postfix-increment-operator" title="Postfix Increment Operator"><span class="secnum">12.4.4</span> Postfix Increment Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-postfix-increment-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.4.4.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-postfix-decrement-operator" title="Postfix Decrement Operator"><span class="secnum">12.4.5</span> Postfix Decrement Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-postfix-decrement-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.4.5.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-prefix-increment-operator" title="Prefix Increment Operator"><span class="secnum">12.4.6</span> Prefix Increment Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-prefix-increment-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.4.6.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-prefix-decrement-operator" title="Prefix Decrement Operator"><span class="secnum">12.4.7</span> Prefix Decrement Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-prefix-decrement-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.4.7.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-unary-operators" title="Unary Operators"><span class="secnum">12.5</span> Unary Operators</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-unary-operators-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.5.1</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-unary-operators-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.5.2</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-delete-operator" title="The delete Operator"><span class="secnum">12.5.3</span> The <code>delete</code> Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-delete-operator-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">12.5.3.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-delete-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.5.3.2</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-void-operator" title="The void Operator"><span class="secnum">12.5.4</span> The <code>void</code> Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-void-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.5.4.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-typeof-operator" title="The typeof Operator"><span class="secnum">12.5.5</span> The <code>typeof</code> Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-typeof-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.5.5.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-unary-plus-operator" title="Unary + Operator"><span class="secnum">12.5.6</span> Unary <code>+</code> Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-unary-plus-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.5.6.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-unary-minus-operator" title="Unary - Operator"><span class="secnum">12.5.7</span> Unary <code>-</code> Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-unary-minus-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.5.7.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-bitwise-not-operator" title="Bitwise NOT Operator ( ~ )"><span class="secnum">12.5.8</span> Bitwise NOT Operator ( <code>~</code> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-bitwise-not-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.5.8.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-logical-not-operator" title="Logical NOT Operator ( ! )"><span class="secnum">12.5.9</span> Logical NOT Operator ( <code>!</code> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-logical-not-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.5.9.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-exp-operator" title="Exponentiation Operator"><span class="secnum">12.6</span> Exponentiation Operator</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exp-operator-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.6.1</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exp-operator-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.6.2</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exp-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.6.3</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-applying-the-exp-operator" title="Applying the ** Operator"><span class="secnum">12.6.4</span> Applying the <code>**</code> Operator</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-multiplicative-operators" title="Multiplicative Operators"><span class="secnum">12.7</span> Multiplicative Operators</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-multiplicative-operators-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.7.1</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-multiplicative-operators-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.7.2</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-multiplicative-operators-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.7.3</span> RS: Evaluation</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-applying-the-mul-operator" title="Applying the * Operator"><span class="secnum">12.7.3.1</span> Applying the <code>*</code> Operator</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-applying-the-div-operator" title="Applying the / Operator"><span class="secnum">12.7.3.2</span> Applying the <code>/</code> Operator</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-applying-the-mod-operator" title="Applying the % Operator"><span class="secnum">12.7.3.3</span> Applying the <code>%</code> Operator</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-additive-operators" title="Additive Operators"><span class="secnum">12.8</span> Additive Operators</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-additive-operators-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.8.1</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-additive-operators-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.8.2</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-addition-operator-plus" title="The Addition Operator ( + )"><span class="secnum">12.8.3</span> The Addition Operator ( <code>+</code> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-addition-operator-plus-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.8.3.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-subtraction-operator-minus" title="The Subtraction Operator ( - )"><span class="secnum">12.8.4</span> The Subtraction Operator ( <code>-</code> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-subtraction-operator-minus-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.8.4.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-applying-the-additive-operators-to-numbers" title="Applying the Additive Operators to Numbers"><span class="secnum">12.8.5</span> Applying the Additive Operators to Numbers</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-bitwise-shift-operators" title="Bitwise Shift Operators"><span class="secnum">12.9</span> Bitwise Shift Operators</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-bitwise-shift-operators-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.9.1</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-bitwise-shift-operators-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.9.2</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-left-shift-operator" title="The Left Shift Operator ( &lt;&lt; )"><span class="secnum">12.9.3</span> The Left Shift Operator ( <code>&lt;&lt;</code> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-left-shift-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.9.3.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-signed-right-shift-operator" title="The Signed Right Shift Operator ( &gt;&gt; )"><span class="secnum">12.9.4</span> The Signed Right Shift Operator ( <code>&gt;&gt;</code> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-signed-right-shift-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.9.4.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-unsigned-right-shift-operator" title="The Unsigned Right Shift Operator ( &gt;&gt;&gt; )"><span class="secnum">12.9.5</span> The Unsigned Right Shift Operator ( <code>&gt;&gt;&gt;</code> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-unsigned-right-shift-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.9.5.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-relational-operators" title="Relational Operators"><span class="secnum">12.10</span> Relational Operators</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-relational-operators-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.10.1</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-relational-operators-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.10.2</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-relational-operators-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.10.3</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-instanceofoperator" title="Runtime Semantics: InstanceofOperator ( V, target )"><span class="secnum">12.10.4</span> RS: InstanceofOperator ( <var>V</var>, <var>target</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-equality-operators" title="Equality Operators"><span class="secnum">12.11</span> Equality Operators</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-equality-operators-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.11.1</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-equality-operators-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.11.2</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-equality-operators-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.11.3</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-binary-bitwise-operators" title="Binary Bitwise Operators"><span class="secnum">12.12</span> Binary Bitwise Operators</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-binary-bitwise-operators-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.12.1</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-binary-bitwise-operators-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.12.2</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-binary-bitwise-operators-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.12.3</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-binary-logical-operators" title="Binary Logical Operators"><span class="secnum">12.13</span> Binary Logical Operators</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-binary-logical-operators-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.13.1</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-binary-logical-operators-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.13.2</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-binary-logical-operators-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.13.3</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-conditional-operator" title="Conditional Operator ( ? : )"><span class="secnum">12.14</span> Conditional Operator ( <code>? :</code> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-conditional-operator-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.14.1</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-conditional-operator-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.14.2</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-conditional-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.14.3</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-assignment-operators" title="Assignment Operators"><span class="secnum">12.15</span> Assignment Operators</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-assignment-operators-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">12.15.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-assignment-operators-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.15.2</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-assignment-operators-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.15.3</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-assignment-operators-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.15.4</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-destructuring-assignment" title="Destructuring Assignment"><span class="secnum">12.15.5</span> Destructuring Assignment</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-destructuring-assignment-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">12.15.5.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-destructuringassignmentevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: DestructuringAssignmentEvaluation"><span class="secnum">12.15.5.2</span> RS: DestructuringAssignmentEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-propertydestructuringassignmentevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: PropertyDestructuringAssignmentEvaluation"><span class="secnum">12.15.5.3</span> RS: PropertyDestructuringAssignmentEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-restdestructuringassignmentevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: RestDestructuringAssignmentEvaluation"><span class="secnum">12.15.5.4</span> RS: RestDestructuringAssignmentEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-iteratordestructuringassignmentevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: IteratorDestructuringAssignmentEvaluation"><span class="secnum">12.15.5.5</span> RS: IteratorDestructuringAssignmentEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-keyeddestructuringassignmentevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: KeyedDestructuringAssignmentEvaluation"><span class="secnum">12.15.5.6</span> RS: KeyedDestructuringAssignmentEvaluation</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-comma-operator" title="Comma Operator ( , )"><span class="secnum">12.16</span> Comma Operator ( <code>,</code> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-comma-operator-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">12.16.1</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-comma-operator-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype" title="Static Semantics: AssignmentTargetType"><span class="secnum">12.16.2</span> SS: AssignmentTargetType</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-comma-operator-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">12.16.3</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-statements-and-declarations" title="ECMAScript Language: Statements and Declarations"><span class="secnum">13</span> ECMAScript Language: Statements and Declarations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-statement-semantics" title="Statement Semantics"><span class="secnum">13.1</span> Statement Semantics</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-statement-semantics-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">13.1.1</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-statement-semantics-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.1.2</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-statement-semantics-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.1.3</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-declarationpart" title="Static Semantics: DeclarationPart"><span class="secnum">13.1.4</span> SS: DeclarationPart</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-statement-semantics-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.1.5</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-statement-semantics-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.1.6</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-statement-semantics-runtime-semantics-labelledevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: LabelledEvaluation"><span class="secnum">13.1.7</span> RS: LabelledEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-statement-semantics-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.1.8</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-block" title="Block"><span class="secnum">13.2</span> Block</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.2.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">13.2.2</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.2.3</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.2.4</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-lexicallydeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.2.5</span> SS: LexicallyDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-lexicallyscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.2.6</span> SS: LexicallyScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-toplevellexicallydeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: TopLevelLexicallyDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.2.7</span> SS: TopLevelLexicallyDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-toplevellexicallyscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: TopLevelLexicallyScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.2.8</span> SS: TopLevelLexicallyScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-toplevelvardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: TopLevelVarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.2.9</span> SS: TopLevelVarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-toplevelvarscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: TopLevelVarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.2.10</span> SS: TopLevelVarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.2.11</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.2.12</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.2.13</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-blockdeclarationinstantiation" title="Runtime Semantics: BlockDeclarationInstantiation ( code, env )"><span class="secnum">13.2.14</span> RS: BlockDeclarationInstantiation ( <var>code</var>, <var>env</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-declarations-and-the-variable-statement" title="Declarations and the Variable Statement"><span class="secnum">13.3</span> Declarations and the Variable Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-let-and-const-declarations" title="Let and Const Declarations"><span class="secnum">13.3.1</span> Let and Const Declarations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-let-and-const-declarations-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.3.1.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-let-and-const-declarations-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">13.3.1.2</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-let-and-const-declarations-static-semantics-isconstantdeclaration" title="Static Semantics: IsConstantDeclaration"><span class="secnum">13.3.1.3</span> SS: IsConstantDeclaration</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-let-and-const-declarations-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.3.1.4</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-variable-statement" title="Variable Statement"><span class="secnum">13.3.2</span> Variable Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-variable-statement-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">13.3.2.1</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-variable-statement-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.3.2.2</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-variable-statement-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.3.2.3</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-variable-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.3.2.4</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-destructuring-binding-patterns" title="Destructuring Binding Patterns"><span class="secnum">13.3.3</span> Destructuring Binding Patterns</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-destructuring-binding-patterns-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">13.3.3.1</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-destructuring-binding-patterns-static-semantics-containsexpression" title="Static Semantics: ContainsExpression"><span class="secnum">13.3.3.2</span> SS: ContainsExpression</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-destructuring-binding-patterns-static-semantics-hasinitializer" title="Static Semantics: HasInitializer"><span class="secnum">13.3.3.3</span> SS: HasInitializer</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-destructuring-binding-patterns-static-semantics-issimpleparameterlist" title="Static Semantics: IsSimpleParameterList"><span class="secnum">13.3.3.4</span> SS: IsSimpleParameterList</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-destructuring-binding-patterns-runtime-semantics-bindinginitialization" title="Runtime Semantics: BindingInitialization"><span class="secnum">13.3.3.5</span> RS: BindingInitialization</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-destructuring-binding-patterns-runtime-semantics-propertybindinginitialization" title="Runtime Semantics: PropertyBindingInitialization"><span class="secnum">13.3.3.6</span> RS: PropertyBindingInitialization</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-destructuring-binding-patterns-runtime-semantics-restbindinginitialization" title="Runtime Semantics: RestBindingInitialization"><span class="secnum">13.3.3.7</span> RS: RestBindingInitialization</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-destructuring-binding-patterns-runtime-semantics-iteratorbindinginitialization" title="Runtime Semantics: IteratorBindingInitialization"><span class="secnum">13.3.3.8</span> RS: IteratorBindingInitialization</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-keyedbindinginitialization" title="Runtime Semantics: KeyedBindingInitialization"><span class="secnum">13.3.3.9</span> RS: KeyedBindingInitialization</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-empty-statement" title="Empty Statement"><span class="secnum">13.4</span> Empty Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-empty-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.4.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-expression-statement" title="Expression Statement"><span class="secnum">13.5</span> Expression Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-expression-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.5.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-if-statement" title="The if Statement"><span class="secnum">13.6</span> The <code>if</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-if-statement-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.6.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-if-statement-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">13.6.2</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-if-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.6.3</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-if-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.6.4</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-if-statement-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.6.5</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-if-statement-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.6.6</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-if-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.6.7</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-iteration-statements" title="Iteration Statements"><span class="secnum">13.7</span> Iteration Statements</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-iteration-statements-semantics" title="Semantics"><span class="secnum">13.7.1</span> Semantics</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-semantics-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.7.1.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-loopcontinues" title="Runtime Semantics: LoopContinues ( completion, labelSet )"><span class="secnum">13.7.1.2</span> RS: LoopContinues ( <var>completion</var>, <var>labelSet</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-do-while-statement" title="The do-while Statement"><span class="secnum">13.7.2</span> The <code>do</code>-<code>while</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-do-while-statement-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">13.7.2.1</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-do-while-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.7.2.2</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-do-while-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.7.2.3</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-do-while-statement-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.7.2.4</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-do-while-statement-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.7.2.5</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-do-while-statement-runtime-semantics-labelledevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: LabelledEvaluation"><span class="secnum">13.7.2.6</span> RS: LabelledEvaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-while-statement" title="The while Statement"><span class="secnum">13.7.3</span> The <code>while</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-while-statement-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">13.7.3.1</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-while-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.7.3.2</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-while-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.7.3.3</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-while-statement-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.7.3.4</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-while-statement-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.7.3.5</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-while-statement-runtime-semantics-labelledevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: LabelledEvaluation"><span class="secnum">13.7.3.6</span> RS: LabelledEvaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-for-statement" title="The for Statement"><span class="secnum">13.7.4</span> The <code>for</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-statement-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.7.4.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-statement-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">13.7.4.2</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.7.4.3</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.7.4.4</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-statement-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.7.4.5</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-statement-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.7.4.6</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-statement-runtime-semantics-labelledevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: LabelledEvaluation"><span class="secnum">13.7.4.7</span> RS: LabelledEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-forbodyevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: ForBodyEvaluation ( test, increment, stmt, perIterationBindings, labelSet )"><span class="secnum">13.7.4.8</span> RS: ForBodyEvaluation ( <var>test</var>, <var>increment</var>, <var>stmt</var>, <var>perIterationBindings</var>, <var>labelSet</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createperiterationenvironment" title="Runtime Semantics: CreatePerIterationEnvironment ( perIterationBindings )"><span class="secnum">13.7.4.9</span> RS: CreatePerIterationEnvironment ( <var>perIterationBindings</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements" title="The for-in, for-of, and for-await-of Statements"><span class="secnum">13.7.5</span> The <code>for</code>-<code>in</code>, <code>for</code>-<code>of</code>, and <code>for</code>-<code>await</code>-<code>of</code> Statements</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.2</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.3</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.4</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.5</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements-static-semantics-isdestructuring" title="Static Semantics: IsDestructuring"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.6</span> SS: IsDestructuring</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.7</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.8</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements-runtime-semantics-bindinginitialization" title="Runtime Semantics: BindingInitialization"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.9</span> RS: BindingInitialization</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-bindinginstantiation" title="Runtime Semantics: BindingInstantiation"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.10</span> RS: BindingInstantiation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements-runtime-semantics-labelledevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: LabelledEvaluation"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.11</span> RS: LabelledEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-forin-div-ofheadevaluation-tdznames-expr-iterationkind" title="Runtime Semantics: ForIn/OfHeadEvaluation ( TDZnames, expr, iterationKind )"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.12</span> RS: ForIn/OfHeadEvaluation ( <var>TDZnames</var>, <var>expr</var>, <var>iterationKind</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-forin-div-ofbodyevaluation-lhs-stmt-iterator-lhskind-labelset" title="Runtime Semantics: ForIn/OfBodyEvaluation ( lhs, stmt, iteratorRecord, iterationKind, lhsKind, labelSet [ , iteratorKind ] )"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.13</span> RS: ForIn/OfBodyEvaluation ( <var>lhs</var>, <var>stmt</var>, <var>iteratorRecord</var>, <var>iterationKind</var>, <var>lhsKind</var>, <var>labelSet</var> [ , <var>iteratorKind</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.14</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-enumerate-object-properties" title="EnumerateObjectProperties ( O )"><span class="secnum">13.7.5.15</span> EnumerateObjectProperties ( <var>O</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-continue-statement" title="The continue Statement"><span class="secnum">13.8</span> The <code>continue</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-continue-statement-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.8.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-continue-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.8.2</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-continue-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.8.3</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-break-statement" title="The break Statement"><span class="secnum">13.9</span> The <code>break</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-break-statement-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.9.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-break-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.9.2</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-break-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.9.3</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-return-statement" title="The return Statement"><span class="secnum">13.10</span> The <code>return</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-return-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.10.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-with-statement" title="The with Statement"><span class="secnum">13.11</span> The <code>with</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-with-statement-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.11.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-with-statement-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">13.11.2</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-with-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.11.3</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-with-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.11.4</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-with-statement-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.11.5</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-with-statement-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.11.6</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-with-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.11.7</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-switch-statement" title="The switch Statement"><span class="secnum">13.12</span> The <code>switch</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-switch-statement-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.12.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-switch-statement-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">13.12.2</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-switch-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.12.3</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-switch-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.12.4</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-switch-statement-static-semantics-lexicallydeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.12.5</span> SS: LexicallyDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-switch-statement-static-semantics-lexicallyscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.12.6</span> SS: LexicallyScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-switch-statement-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.12.7</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-switch-statement-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.12.8</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-caseblockevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: CaseBlockEvaluation"><span class="secnum">13.12.9</span> RS: CaseBlockEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-caseclauseisselected" title="Runtime Semantics: CaseClauseIsSelected ( C, input )"><span class="secnum">13.12.10</span> RS: CaseClauseIsSelected ( <var>C</var>, <var>input</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-switch-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.12.11</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements" title="Labelled Statements"><span class="secnum">13.13</span> Labelled Statements</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.13.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">13.13.2</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.13.3</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.13.4</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-islabelledfunction" title="Static Semantics: IsLabelledFunction ( stmt )"><span class="secnum">13.13.5</span> SS: IsLabelledFunction ( <var>stmt</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-lexicallydeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.13.6</span> SS: LexicallyDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-lexicallyscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.13.7</span> SS: LexicallyScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-toplevellexicallydeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: TopLevelLexicallyDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.13.8</span> SS: TopLevelLexicallyDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-toplevellexicallyscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: TopLevelLexicallyScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.13.9</span> SS: TopLevelLexicallyScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-toplevelvardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: TopLevelVarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.13.10</span> SS: TopLevelVarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-toplevelvarscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: TopLevelVarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.13.11</span> SS: TopLevelVarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.13.12</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.13.13</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-runtime-semantics-labelledevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: LabelledEvaluation"><span class="secnum">13.13.14</span> RS: LabelledEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-statements-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.13.15</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-throw-statement" title="The throw Statement"><span class="secnum">13.14</span> The <code>throw</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-throw-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.14.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-try-statement" title="The try Statement"><span class="secnum">13.15</span> The <code>try</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-try-statement-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">13.15.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-try-statement-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">13.15.2</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-try-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">13.15.3</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-try-statement-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">13.15.4</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-try-statement-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">13.15.5</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-try-statement-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">13.15.6</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-catchclauseevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: CatchClauseEvaluation"><span class="secnum">13.15.7</span> RS: CatchClauseEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-try-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.15.8</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-debugger-statement" title="The debugger Statement"><span class="secnum">13.16</span> The <code>debugger</code> Statement</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-debugger-statement-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">13.16.1</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-functions-and-classes" title="ECMAScript Language: Functions and Classes"><span class="secnum">14</span> ECMAScript Language: Functions and Classes</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-function-definitions" title="Function Definitions"><span class="secnum">14.1</span> Function Definitions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-directive-prologues-and-the-use-strict-directive" title="Directive Prologues and the Use Strict Directive"><span class="secnum">14.1.1</span> Directive Prologues and the Use Strict Directive</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">14.1.2</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">14.1.3</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-contains" title="Static Semantics: Contains"><span class="secnum">14.1.4</span> SS: Contains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-containsexpression" title="Static Semantics: ContainsExpression"><span class="secnum">14.1.5</span> SS: ContainsExpression</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-containsusestrict" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUseStrict"><span class="secnum">14.1.6</span> SS: ContainsUseStrict</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-expectedargumentcount" title="Static Semantics: ExpectedArgumentCount"><span class="secnum">14.1.7</span> SS: ExpectedArgumentCount</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-hasinitializer" title="Static Semantics: HasInitializer"><span class="secnum">14.1.8</span> SS: HasInitializer</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-hasname" title="Static Semantics: HasName"><span class="secnum">14.1.9</span> SS: HasName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isanonymousfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsAnonymousFunctionDefinition ( expr )"><span class="secnum">14.1.10</span> SS: IsAnonymousFunctionDefinition ( <var>expr</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-isconstantdeclaration" title="Static Semantics: IsConstantDeclaration"><span class="secnum">14.1.11</span> SS: IsConstantDeclaration</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">14.1.12</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-issimpleparameterlist" title="Static Semantics: IsSimpleParameterList"><span class="secnum">14.1.13</span> SS: IsSimpleParameterList</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-lexicallydeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">14.1.14</span> SS: LexicallyDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-lexicallyscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">14.1.15</span> SS: LexicallyScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">14.1.16</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">14.1.17</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-evaluatebody" title="Runtime Semantics: EvaluateBody"><span class="secnum">14.1.18</span> RS: EvaluateBody</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-iteratorbindinginitialization" title="Runtime Semantics: IteratorBindingInitialization"><span class="secnum">14.1.19</span> RS: IteratorBindingInitialization</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-instantiatefunctionobject" title="Runtime Semantics: InstantiateFunctionObject"><span class="secnum">14.1.20</span> RS: InstantiateFunctionObject</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-namedevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: NamedEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.1.21</span> RS: NamedEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">14.1.22</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions" title="Arrow Function Definitions"><span class="secnum">14.2</span> Arrow Function Definitions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">14.2.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">14.2.2</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-contains" title="Static Semantics: Contains"><span class="secnum">14.2.3</span> SS: Contains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-containsexpression" title="Static Semantics: ContainsExpression"><span class="secnum">14.2.4</span> SS: ContainsExpression</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-containsusestrict" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUseStrict"><span class="secnum">14.2.5</span> SS: ContainsUseStrict</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-expectedargumentcount" title="Static Semantics: ExpectedArgumentCount"><span class="secnum">14.2.6</span> SS: ExpectedArgumentCount</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-hasname" title="Static Semantics: HasName"><span class="secnum">14.2.7</span> SS: HasName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-issimpleparameterlist" title="Static Semantics: IsSimpleParameterList"><span class="secnum">14.2.8</span> SS: IsSimpleParameterList</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-coveredformalslist" title="Static Semantics: CoveredFormalsList"><span class="secnum">14.2.9</span> SS: CoveredFormalsList</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-lexicallydeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">14.2.10</span> SS: LexicallyDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-lexicallyscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">14.2.11</span> SS: LexicallyScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">14.2.12</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">14.2.13</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-iteratorbindinginitialization" title="Runtime Semantics: IteratorBindingInitialization"><span class="secnum">14.2.14</span> RS: IteratorBindingInitialization</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-evaluatebody" title="Runtime Semantics: EvaluateBody"><span class="secnum">14.2.15</span> RS: EvaluateBody</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-namedevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: NamedEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.2.16</span> RS: NamedEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arrow-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">14.2.17</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-method-definitions" title="Method Definitions"><span class="secnum">14.3</span> Method Definitions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-method-definitions-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">14.3.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-method-definitions-static-semantics-computedpropertycontains" title="Static Semantics: ComputedPropertyContains"><span class="secnum">14.3.2</span> SS: ComputedPropertyContains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-method-definitions-static-semantics-expectedargumentcount" title="Static Semantics: ExpectedArgumentCount"><span class="secnum">14.3.3</span> SS: ExpectedArgumentCount</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-method-definitions-static-semantics-hasdirectsuper" title="Static Semantics: HasDirectSuper"><span class="secnum">14.3.4</span> SS: HasDirectSuper</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-method-definitions-static-semantics-propname" title="Static Semantics: PropName"><span class="secnum">14.3.5</span> SS: PropName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-specialmethod" title="Static Semantics: SpecialMethod"><span class="secnum">14.3.6</span> SS: SpecialMethod</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-definemethod" title="Runtime Semantics: DefineMethod"><span class="secnum">14.3.7</span> RS: DefineMethod</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-method-definitions-runtime-semantics-propertydefinitionevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.3.8</span> RS: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions" title="Generator Function Definitions"><span class="secnum">14.4</span> Generator Function Definitions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">14.4.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">14.4.2</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-computedpropertycontains" title="Static Semantics: ComputedPropertyContains"><span class="secnum">14.4.3</span> SS: ComputedPropertyContains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-contains" title="Static Semantics: Contains"><span class="secnum">14.4.4</span> SS: Contains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-hasdirectsuper" title="Static Semantics: HasDirectSuper"><span class="secnum">14.4.5</span> SS: HasDirectSuper</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-hasname" title="Static Semantics: HasName"><span class="secnum">14.4.6</span> SS: HasName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-isconstantdeclaration" title="Static Semantics: IsConstantDeclaration"><span class="secnum">14.4.7</span> SS: IsConstantDeclaration</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">14.4.8</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-propname" title="Static Semantics: PropName"><span class="secnum">14.4.9</span> SS: PropName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-evaluatebody" title="Runtime Semantics: EvaluateBody"><span class="secnum">14.4.10</span> RS: EvaluateBody</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-instantiatefunctionobject" title="Runtime Semantics: InstantiateFunctionObject"><span class="secnum">14.4.11</span> RS: InstantiateFunctionObject</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-propertydefinitionevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.4.12</span> RS: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-namedevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: NamedEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.4.13</span> RS: NamedEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">14.4.14</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-async-generator-function-definitions" title="Async Generator Function Definitions"><span class="secnum">14.5</span> Async Generator Function Definitions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">14.5.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">14.5.2</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-computedpropertycontains" title="Static Semantics: ComputedPropertyContains"><span class="secnum">14.5.3</span> SS: ComputedPropertyContains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-contains" title="Static Semantics: Contains"><span class="secnum">14.5.4</span> SS: Contains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-hasdirectsuper" title="Static Semantics: HasDirectSuper"><span class="secnum">14.5.5</span> SS: HasDirectSuper</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-hasname" title="Static Semantics: HasName"><span class="secnum">14.5.6</span> SS: HasName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-isconstantdeclaration" title="Static Semantics: IsConstantDeclaration"><span class="secnum">14.5.7</span> SS: IsConstantDeclaration</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">14.5.8</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-generator-function-definitions-static-semantics-propname" title="Static Semantics: PropName"><span class="secnum">14.5.9</span> SS: PropName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-definitions-evaluatebody" title="Runtime Semantics: EvaluateBody"><span class="secnum">14.5.10</span> RS: EvaluateBody</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-definitions-instantiatefunctionobject" title="Runtime Semantics: InstantiateFunctionObject"><span class="secnum">14.5.11</span> RS: InstantiateFunctionObject</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-definitions-propertydefinitionevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.5.12</span> RS: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-definitions-namedevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: NamedEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.5.13</span> RS: NamedEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-definitions-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">14.5.14</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-class-definitions" title="Class Definitions"><span class="secnum">14.6</span> Class Definitions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-class-definitions-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">14.6.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-class-definitions-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">14.6.2</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-constructormethod" title="Static Semantics: ConstructorMethod"><span class="secnum">14.6.3</span> SS: ConstructorMethod</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-class-definitions-static-semantics-contains" title="Static Semantics: Contains"><span class="secnum">14.6.4</span> SS: Contains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-class-definitions-static-semantics-computedpropertycontains" title="Static Semantics: ComputedPropertyContains"><span class="secnum">14.6.5</span> SS: ComputedPropertyContains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-class-definitions-static-semantics-hasname" title="Static Semantics: HasName"><span class="secnum">14.6.6</span> SS: HasName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-class-definitions-static-semantics-isconstantdeclaration" title="Static Semantics: IsConstantDeclaration"><span class="secnum">14.6.7</span> SS: IsConstantDeclaration</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-class-definitions-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">14.6.8</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-isstatic" title="Static Semantics: IsStatic"><span class="secnum">14.6.9</span> SS: IsStatic</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-nonconstructormethoddefinitions" title="Static Semantics: NonConstructorMethodDefinitions"><span class="secnum">14.6.10</span> SS: NonConstructorMethodDefinitions</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-prototypepropertynamelist" title="Static Semantics: PrototypePropertyNameList"><span class="secnum">14.6.11</span> SS: PrototypePropertyNameList</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-class-definitions-static-semantics-propname" title="Static Semantics: PropName"><span class="secnum">14.6.12</span> SS: PropName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-classdefinitionevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: ClassDefinitionEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.6.13</span> RS: ClassDefinitionEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-bindingclassdeclarationevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: BindingClassDeclarationEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.6.14</span> RS: BindingClassDeclarationEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-class-definitions-runtime-semantics-namedevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: NamedEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.6.15</span> RS: NamedEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-class-definitions-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">14.6.16</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions" title="Async Function Definitions"><span class="secnum">14.7</span> Async Function Definitions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">14.7.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-static-semantics-BoundNames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">14.7.2</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-static-semantics-ComputedPropertyContains" title="Static Semantics: ComputedPropertyContains"><span class="secnum">14.7.3</span> SS: ComputedPropertyContains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-static-semantics-Contains" title="Static Semantics: Contains"><span class="secnum">14.7.4</span> SS: Contains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-static-semantics-HasDirectSuper" title="Static Semantics: HasDirectSuper"><span class="secnum">14.7.5</span> SS: HasDirectSuper</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-static-semantics-HasName" title="Static Semantics: HasName"><span class="secnum">14.7.6</span> SS: HasName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-static-semantics-IsConstantDeclaration" title="Static Semantics: IsConstantDeclaration"><span class="secnum">14.7.7</span> SS: IsConstantDeclaration</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-static-semantics-IsFunctionDefinition" title="Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition"><span class="secnum">14.7.8</span> SS: IsFunctionDefinition</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-static-semantics-PropName" title="Static Semantics: PropName"><span class="secnum">14.7.9</span> SS: PropName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-InstantiateFunctionObject" title="Runtime Semantics: InstantiateFunctionObject"><span class="secnum">14.7.10</span> RS: InstantiateFunctionObject</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-EvaluateBody" title="Runtime Semantics: EvaluateBody"><span class="secnum">14.7.11</span> RS: EvaluateBody</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-PropertyDefinitionEvaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.7.12</span> RS: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-namedevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: NamedEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.7.13</span> RS: NamedEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">14.7.14</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions" title="Async Arrow Function Definitions"><span class="secnum">14.8</span> Async Arrow Function Definitions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">14.8.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-CoveredAsyncArrowHead" title="Static Semantics: CoveredAsyncArrowHead"><span class="secnum">14.8.2</span> SS: CoveredAsyncArrowHead</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-BoundNames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">14.8.3</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-Contains" title="Static Semantics: Contains"><span class="secnum">14.8.4</span> SS: Contains</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-ContainsExpression" title="Static Semantics: ContainsExpression"><span class="secnum">14.8.5</span> SS: ContainsExpression</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-ExpectedArgumentCount" title="Static Semantics: ExpectedArgumentCount"><span class="secnum">14.8.6</span> SS: ExpectedArgumentCount</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-HasName" title="Static Semantics: HasName"><span class="secnum">14.8.7</span> SS: HasName</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-IsSimpleParameterList" title="Static Semantics: IsSimpleParameterList"><span class="secnum">14.8.8</span> SS: IsSimpleParameterList</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-LexicallyDeclaredNames" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">14.8.9</span> SS: LexicallyDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-LexicallyScopedDeclarations" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">14.8.10</span> SS: LexicallyScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-VarDeclaredNames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">14.8.11</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-static-semantics-VarScopedDeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">14.8.12</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-IteratorBindingInitialization" title="Runtime Semantics: IteratorBindingInitialization"><span class="secnum">14.8.13</span> RS: IteratorBindingInitialization</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-EvaluateBody" title="Runtime Semantics: EvaluateBody"><span class="secnum">14.8.14</span> RS: EvaluateBody</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-namedevaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: NamedEvaluation"><span class="secnum">14.8.15</span> RS: NamedEvaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-arrow-function-definitions-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">14.8.16</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-tail-position-calls" title="Tail Position Calls"><span class="secnum">14.9</span> Tail Position Calls</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isintailposition" title="Static Semantics: IsInTailPosition ( call )"><span class="secnum">14.9.1</span> SS: IsInTailPosition ( <var>call</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-hascallintailposition" title="Static Semantics: HasCallInTailPosition"><span class="secnum">14.9.2</span> SS: HasCallInTailPosition</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-statement-rules" title="Statement Rules"><span class="secnum">14.9.2.1</span> Statement Rules</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-expression-rules" title="Expression Rules"><span class="secnum">14.9.2.2</span> Expression Rules</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-preparefortailcall" title="Runtime Semantics: PrepareForTailCall ( )"><span class="secnum">14.9.3</span> RS: PrepareForTailCall ( )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-scripts-and-modules" title="ECMAScript Language: Scripts and Modules"><span class="secnum">15</span> ECMAScript Language: Scripts and Modules</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-scripts" title="Scripts"><span class="secnum">15.1</span> Scripts</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-scripts-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">15.1.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-isstrict" title="Static Semantics: IsStrict"><span class="secnum">15.1.2</span> SS: IsStrict</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-scripts-static-semantics-lexicallydeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">15.1.3</span> SS: LexicallyDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-scripts-static-semantics-lexicallyscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">15.1.4</span> SS: LexicallyScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-scripts-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">15.1.5</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-scripts-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">15.1.6</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-script-semantics-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">15.1.7</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-script-records" title="Script Records"><span class="secnum">15.1.8</span> Script Records</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-parse-script" title="ParseScript ( sourceText, realm, hostDefined )"><span class="secnum">15.1.9</span> ParseScript ( <var>sourceText</var>, <var>realm</var>, <var>hostDefined</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-scriptevaluation" title="ScriptEvaluation ( scriptRecord )"><span class="secnum">15.1.10</span> ScriptEvaluation ( <var>scriptRecord</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-globaldeclarationinstantiation" title="Runtime Semantics: GlobalDeclarationInstantiation ( script, env )"><span class="secnum">15.1.11</span> RS: GlobalDeclarationInstantiation ( <var>script</var>, <var>env</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-scriptevaluationjob" title="Runtime Semantics: ScriptEvaluationJob ( sourceText, hostDefined )"><span class="secnum">15.1.12</span> RS: ScriptEvaluationJob ( <var>sourceText</var>, <var>hostDefined</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-modules" title="Modules"><span class="secnum">15.2</span> Modules</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-module-semantics" title="Module Semantics"><span class="secnum">15.2.1</span> Module Semantics</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-containsduplicatelabels" title="Static Semantics: ContainsDuplicateLabels"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.2</span> SS: ContainsDuplicateLabels</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-containsundefinedbreaktarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.3</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedBreakTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-containsundefinedcontinuetarget" title="Static Semantics: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.4</span> SS: ContainsUndefinedContinueTarget</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-exportedbindings" title="Static Semantics: ExportedBindings"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.5</span> SS: ExportedBindings</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-exportednames" title="Static Semantics: ExportedNames"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.6</span> SS: ExportedNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-exportentries" title="Static Semantics: ExportEntries"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.7</span> SS: ExportEntries</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-importentries" title="Static Semantics: ImportEntries"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.8</span> SS: ImportEntries</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-importedlocalnames" title="Static Semantics: ImportedLocalNames ( importEntries )"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.9</span> SS: ImportedLocalNames ( <var>importEntries</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-modulerequests" title="Static Semantics: ModuleRequests"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.10</span> SS: ModuleRequests</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-lexicallydeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.11</span> SS: LexicallyDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-lexicallyscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.12</span> SS: LexicallyScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-vardeclarednames" title="Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.13</span> SS: VarDeclaredNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-static-semantics-varscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.14</span> SS: VarScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-abstract-module-records" title="Abstract Module Records"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.15</span> Abstract Module Records</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-cyclic-module-records" title="Cyclic Module Records"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.16</span> Cyclic Module Records</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-moduledeclarationinstantiation" title="Instantiate ( ) Concrete Method"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.16.1</span> Instantiate ( ) Concrete Method</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-innermoduleinstantiation" title="InnerModuleInstantiation ( module, stack, index )"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.16.1.1</span> InnerModuleInstantiation ( <var>module</var>, <var>stack</var>, <var>index</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-moduleevaluation" title="Evaluate ( ) Concrete Method"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.16.2</span> Evaluate ( ) Concrete Method</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-innermoduleevaluation" title="InnerModuleEvaluation ( module, stack, index )"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.16.2.1</span> InnerModuleEvaluation ( <var>module</var>, <var>stack</var>, <var>index</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-example-cyclic-module-record-graphs" title="Example Cyclic Module Record Graphs"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.16.3</span> Example Cyclic Module Record Graphs</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-source-text-module-records" title="Source Text Module Records"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.17</span> Source Text Module Records</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-parsemodule" title="ParseModule ( sourceText, realm, hostDefined )"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.17.1</span> ParseModule ( <var>sourceText</var>, <var>realm</var>, <var>hostDefined</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getexportednames" title="GetExportedNames ( exportStarSet ) Concrete Method"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.17.2</span> GetExportedNames ( <var>exportStarSet</var> ) Concrete Method</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-resolveexport" title="ResolveExport ( exportName, resolveSet ) Concrete Method"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.17.3</span> ResolveExport ( <var>exportName</var>, <var>resolveSet</var> ) Concrete Method</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-source-text-module-record-initialize-environment" title="InitializeEnvironment ( ) Concrete Method"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.17.4</span> InitializeEnvironment ( ) Concrete Method</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-source-text-module-record-execute-module" title="ExecuteModule ( ) Concrete Method"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.17.5</span> ExecuteModule ( ) Concrete Method</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-hostresolveimportedmodule" title="Runtime Semantics: HostResolveImportedModule ( referencingModule, specifier )"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.18</span> RS: HostResolveImportedModule ( <var>referencingModule</var>, <var>specifier</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getmodulenamespace" title="Runtime Semantics: GetModuleNamespace ( module )"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.19</span> RS: GetModuleNamespace ( <var>module</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-toplevelmoduleevaluationjob" title="Runtime Semantics: TopLevelModuleEvaluationJob ( sourceText, hostDefined )"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.20</span> RS: TopLevelModuleEvaluationJob ( <var>sourceText</var>, <var>hostDefined</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-module-semantics-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">15.2.1.21</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-imports" title="Imports"><span class="secnum">15.2.2</span> Imports</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-imports-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">15.2.2.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-imports-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">15.2.2.2</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-imports-static-semantics-importentries" title="Static Semantics: ImportEntries"><span class="secnum">15.2.2.3</span> SS: ImportEntries</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-importentriesformodule" title="Static Semantics: ImportEntriesForModule"><span class="secnum">15.2.2.4</span> SS: ImportEntriesForModule</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-imports-static-semantics-modulerequests" title="Static Semantics: ModuleRequests"><span class="secnum">15.2.2.5</span> SS: ModuleRequests</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-exports" title="Exports"><span class="secnum">15.2.3</span> Exports</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exports-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">15.2.3.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exports-static-semantics-boundnames" title="Static Semantics: BoundNames"><span class="secnum">15.2.3.2</span> SS: BoundNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exports-static-semantics-exportedbindings" title="Static Semantics: ExportedBindings"><span class="secnum">15.2.3.3</span> SS: ExportedBindings</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exports-static-semantics-exportednames" title="Static Semantics: ExportedNames"><span class="secnum">15.2.3.4</span> SS: ExportedNames</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exports-static-semantics-exportentries" title="Static Semantics: ExportEntries"><span class="secnum">15.2.3.5</span> SS: ExportEntries</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-exportentriesformodule" title="Static Semantics: ExportEntriesForModule"><span class="secnum">15.2.3.6</span> SS: ExportEntriesForModule</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exports-static-semantics-isconstantdeclaration" title="Static Semantics: IsConstantDeclaration"><span class="secnum">15.2.3.7</span> SS: IsConstantDeclaration</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exports-static-semantics-lexicallyscopeddeclarations" title="Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations"><span class="secnum">15.2.3.8</span> SS: LexicallyScopedDeclarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exports-static-semantics-modulerequests" title="Static Semantics: ModuleRequests"><span class="secnum">15.2.3.9</span> SS: ModuleRequests</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-referencedbindings" title="Static Semantics: ReferencedBindings"><span class="secnum">15.2.3.10</span> SS: ReferencedBindings</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-exports-runtime-semantics-evaluation" title="Runtime Semantics: Evaluation"><span class="secnum">15.2.3.11</span> RS: Evaluation</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-handling-and-language-extensions" title="Error Handling and Language Extensions"><span class="secnum">16</span> Error Handling and Language Extensions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-host-report-errors" title="HostReportErrors ( errorList )"><span class="secnum">16.1</span> HostReportErrors ( <var>errorList</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-forbidden-extensions" title="Forbidden Extensions"><span class="secnum">16.2</span> Forbidden Extensions</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ecmascript-standard-built-in-objects" title="ECMAScript Standard Built-in Objects"><span class="secnum">17</span> ECMAScript Standard Built-in Objects</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-global-object" title="The Global Object"><span class="secnum">18</span> The Global Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-value-properties-of-the-global-object" title="Value Properties of the Global Object"><span class="secnum">18.1</span> Value Properties of the Global Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-value-properties-of-the-global-object-infinity" title="Infinity"><span class="secnum">18.1.1</span> Infinity</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-value-properties-of-the-global-object-nan" title="NaN"><span class="secnum">18.1.2</span> NaN</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-undefined" title="undefined"><span class="secnum">18.1.3</span> undefined</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-function-properties-of-the-global-object" title="Function Properties of the Global Object"><span class="secnum">18.2</span> Function Properties of the Global Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-eval-x" title="eval ( x )"><span class="secnum">18.2.1</span> eval ( <var>x</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-performeval" title="Runtime Semantics: PerformEval ( x, evalRealm, strictCaller, direct )"><span class="secnum">18.2.1.1</span> RS: PerformEval ( <var>x</var>, <var>evalRealm</var>, <var>strictCaller</var>, <var>direct</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-performeval-rules-outside-functions" title="Additional Early Error Rules for Eval Outside Functions"><span class="secnum">18.2.1.1.1</span> Additional Early Error Rules for Eval Outside Functions</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-performeval-rules-outside-methods" title="Additional Early Error Rules for Eval Outside Methods"><span class="secnum">18.2.1.1.2</span> Additional Early Error Rules for Eval Outside Methods</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-performeval-rules-outside-constructors" title="Additional Early Error Rules for Eval Outside Constructor Methods"><span class="secnum">18.2.1.1.3</span> Additional Early Error Rules for Eval Outside Constructor Methods</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-hostensurecancompilestrings" title="HostEnsureCanCompileStrings ( callerRealm, calleeRealm )"><span class="secnum">18.2.1.2</span> HostEnsureCanCompileStrings ( <var>callerRealm</var>, <var>calleeRealm</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-evaldeclarationinstantiation" title="Runtime Semantics: EvalDeclarationInstantiation ( body, varEnv, lexEnv, strict )"><span class="secnum">18.2.1.3</span> RS: EvalDeclarationInstantiation ( <var>body</var>, <var>varEnv</var>, <var>lexEnv</var>, <var>strict</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isfinite-number" title="isFinite ( number )"><span class="secnum">18.2.2</span> isFinite ( <var>number</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isnan-number" title="isNaN ( number )"><span class="secnum">18.2.3</span> isNaN ( <var>number</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-parsefloat-string" title="parseFloat ( string )"><span class="secnum">18.2.4</span> parseFloat ( <var>string</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-parseint-string-radix" title="parseInt ( string, radix )"><span class="secnum">18.2.5</span> parseInt ( <var>string</var>, <var>radix</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-uri-handling-functions" title="URI Handling Functions"><span class="secnum">18.2.6</span> URI Handling Functions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-uri-syntax-and-semantics" title="URI Syntax and Semantics"><span class="secnum">18.2.6.1</span> URI Syntax and Semantics</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-encode" title="Runtime Semantics: Encode ( string, unescapedSet )"><span class="secnum">18.2.6.1.1</span> RS: Encode ( <var>string</var>, <var>unescapedSet</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-decode" title="Runtime Semantics: Decode ( string, reservedSet )"><span class="secnum">18.2.6.1.2</span> RS: Decode ( <var>string</var>, <var>reservedSet</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-decodeuri-encodeduri" title="decodeURI ( encodedURI )"><span class="secnum">18.2.6.2</span> decodeURI ( <var>encodedURI</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-decodeuricomponent-encodeduricomponent" title="decodeURIComponent ( encodedURIComponent )"><span class="secnum">18.2.6.3</span> decodeURIComponent ( <var>encodedURIComponent</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-encodeuri-uri" title="encodeURI ( uri )"><span class="secnum">18.2.6.4</span> encodeURI ( <var>uri</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-encodeuricomponent-uricomponent" title="encodeURIComponent ( uriComponent )"><span class="secnum">18.2.6.5</span> encodeURIComponent ( <var>uriComponent</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object" title="Constructor Properties of the Global Object"><span class="secnum">18.3</span> Constructor Properties of the Global Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-array" title="Array ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.1</span> Array ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-arraybuffer" title="ArrayBuffer ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.2</span> ArrayBuffer ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-boolean" title="Boolean ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.3</span> Boolean ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-dataview" title="DataView ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.4</span> DataView ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-date" title="Date ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.5</span> Date ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-error" title="Error ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.6</span> Error ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-evalerror" title="EvalError ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.7</span> EvalError ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-float32array" title="Float32Array ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.8</span> Float32Array ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-float64array" title="Float64Array ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.9</span> Float64Array ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-function" title="Function ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.10</span> Function ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-int8array" title="Int8Array ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.11</span> Int8Array ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-int16array" title="Int16Array ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.12</span> Int16Array ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-int32array" title="Int32Array ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.13</span> Int32Array ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map" title="Map ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.14</span> Map ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-number" title="Number ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.15</span> Number ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-object" title="Object ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.16</span> Object ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-promise" title="Promise ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.17</span> Promise ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-proxy" title="Proxy ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.18</span> Proxy ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-rangeerror" title="RangeError ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.19</span> RangeError ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-referenceerror" title="ReferenceError ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.20</span> ReferenceError ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-regexp" title="RegExp ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.21</span> RegExp ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set" title="Set ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.22</span> Set ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-sharedarraybuffer" title="SharedArrayBuffer ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.23</span> SharedArrayBuffer ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-string" title="String ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.24</span> String ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-symbol" title="Symbol ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.25</span> Symbol ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-syntaxerror" title="SyntaxError ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.26</span> SyntaxError ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-typeerror" title="TypeError ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.27</span> TypeError ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-uint8array" title="Uint8Array ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.28</span> Uint8Array ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-uint8clampedarray" title="Uint8ClampedArray ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.29</span> Uint8ClampedArray ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-uint16array" title="Uint16Array ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.30</span> Uint16Array ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-uint32array" title="Uint32Array ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.31</span> Uint32Array ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-urierror" title="URIError ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.32</span> URIError ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-weakmap" title="WeakMap ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.33</span> WeakMap ( . . . )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object-weakset" title="WeakSet ( . . . )"><span class="secnum">18.3.34</span> WeakSet ( . . . )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-other-properties-of-the-global-object" title="Other Properties of the Global Object"><span class="secnum">18.4</span> Other Properties of the Global Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics" title="Atomics"><span class="secnum">18.4.1</span> Atomics</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-json" title="JSON"><span class="secnum">18.4.2</span> JSON</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math" title="Math"><span class="secnum">18.4.3</span> Math</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect" title="Reflect"><span class="secnum">18.4.4</span> Reflect</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-fundamental-objects" title="Fundamental Objects"><span class="secnum">19</span> Fundamental Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-object-objects" title="Object Objects"><span class="secnum">19.1</span> Object Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-object-constructor" title="The Object Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.1.1</span> The Object Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object-value" title="Object ( [ value ] )"><span class="secnum">19.1.1.1</span> Object ( [ <var>value</var> ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-constructor" title="Properties of the Object Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.1.2</span> Properties of the Object Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.assign" title="Object.assign ( target, ...sources )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.1</span> Object.assign ( <var>target</var>, ...<var>sources</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.create" title="Object.create ( O, Properties )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.2</span> Object.create ( <var>O</var>, <var>Properties</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-object.defineproperties" title="Object.defineProperties ( O, Properties )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.3</span> Object.defineProperties ( <var>O</var>, <var>Properties</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-objectdefineproperties" title="Runtime Semantics: ObjectDefineProperties ( O, Properties )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.3.1</span> RS: ObjectDefineProperties ( <var>O</var>, <var>Properties</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.defineproperty" title="Object.defineProperty ( O, P, Attributes )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.4</span> Object.defineProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>Attributes</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.entries" title="Object.entries ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.5</span> Object.entries ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.freeze" title="Object.freeze ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.6</span> Object.freeze ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-object.fromentries" title="Object.fromEntries ( iterable )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.7</span> Object.fromEntries ( <var>iterable</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-create-data-property-on-object-functions" title="CreateDataPropertyOnObject Functions"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.7.1</span> CreateDataPropertyOnObject Functions</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.getownpropertydescriptor" title="Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor ( O, P )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.8</span> Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.getownpropertydescriptors" title="Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.9</span> Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.getownpropertynames" title="Object.getOwnPropertyNames ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.10</span> Object.getOwnPropertyNames ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-object.getownpropertysymbols" title="Object.getOwnPropertySymbols ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.11</span> Object.getOwnPropertySymbols ( <var>O</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getownpropertykeys" title="Runtime Semantics: GetOwnPropertyKeys ( O, type )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.11.1</span> RS: GetOwnPropertyKeys ( <var>O</var>, <var>type</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.getprototypeof" title="Object.getPrototypeOf ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.12</span> Object.getPrototypeOf ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.is" title="Object.is ( value1, value2 )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.13</span> Object.is ( <var>value1</var>, <var>value2</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.isextensible" title="Object.isExtensible ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.14</span> Object.isExtensible ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.isfrozen" title="Object.isFrozen ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.15</span> Object.isFrozen ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.issealed" title="Object.isSealed ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.16</span> Object.isSealed ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.keys" title="Object.keys ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.17</span> Object.keys ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.preventextensions" title="Object.preventExtensions ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.18</span> Object.preventExtensions ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype" title="Object.prototype"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.19</span> Object.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.seal" title="Object.seal ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.20</span> Object.seal ( <var>O</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.setprototypeof" title="Object.setPrototypeOf ( O, proto )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.21</span> Object.setPrototypeOf ( <var>O</var>, <var>proto</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.values" title="Object.values ( O )"><span class="secnum">19.1.2.22</span> Object.values ( <var>O</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object" title="Properties of the Object Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">19.1.3</span> Properties of the Object Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.constructor" title="Object.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">19.1.3.1</span> Object.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.hasownproperty" title="Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty ( V )"><span class="secnum">19.1.3.2</span> Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.isprototypeof" title="Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf ( V )"><span class="secnum">19.1.3.3</span> Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.propertyisenumerable" title="Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable ( V )"><span class="secnum">19.1.3.4</span> Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable ( <var>V</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.tolocalestring" title="Object.prototype.toLocaleString ( [ reserved1 [ , reserved2 ] ] )"><span class="secnum">19.1.3.5</span> Object.prototype.toLocaleString ( [ <var>reserved1</var> [ , <var>reserved2</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.tostring" title="Object.prototype.toString ( )"><span class="secnum">19.1.3.6</span> Object.prototype.toString ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.valueof" title="Object.prototype.valueOf ( )"><span class="secnum">19.1.3.7</span> Object.prototype.valueOf ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-object-instances" title="Properties of Object Instances"><span class="secnum">19.1.4</span> Properties of Object Instances</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-function-objects" title="Function Objects"><span class="secnum">19.2</span> Function Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-function-constructor" title="The Function Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.2.1</span> The Function Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-function-p1-p2-pn-body" title="Function ( p1, p2, … , pn, body )"><span class="secnum">19.2.1.1</span> Function ( <var>p1</var>, <var>p2</var>, … , <var>pn</var>, <var>body</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createdynamicfunction" title="Runtime Semantics: CreateDynamicFunction ( constructor, newTarget, kind, args )"><span class="secnum">19.2.1.1.1</span> RS: CreateDynamicFunction ( <var>constructor</var>, <var>newTarget</var>, <var>kind</var>, <var>args</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-function-constructor" title="Properties of the Function Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.2.2</span> Properties of the Function Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function.length" title="Function.length"><span class="secnum">19.2.2.1</span> Function.length</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function.prototype" title="Function.prototype"><span class="secnum">19.2.2.2</span> Function.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-function-prototype-object" title="Properties of the Function Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">19.2.3</span> Properties of the Function Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function.prototype.apply" title="Function.prototype.apply ( thisArg, argArray )"><span class="secnum">19.2.3.1</span> Function.prototype.apply ( <var>thisArg</var>, <var>argArray</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function.prototype.bind" title="Function.prototype.bind ( thisArg, ...args )"><span class="secnum">19.2.3.2</span> Function.prototype.bind ( <var>thisArg</var>, ...<var>args</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function.prototype.call" title="Function.prototype.call ( thisArg, ...args )"><span class="secnum">19.2.3.3</span> Function.prototype.call ( <var>thisArg</var>, ...<var>args</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function.prototype.constructor" title="Function.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">19.2.3.4</span> Function.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function.prototype.tostring" title="Function.prototype.toString ( )"><span class="secnum">19.2.3.5</span> Function.prototype.toString ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function.prototype-@@hasinstance" title="Function.prototype [ @@hasInstance ] ( V )"><span class="secnum">19.2.3.6</span> Function.prototype [ @@hasInstance ] ( <var>V</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-function-instances" title="Function Instances"><span class="secnum">19.2.4</span> Function Instances</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-instances-length" title="length"><span class="secnum">19.2.4.1</span> length</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-instances-name" title="name"><span class="secnum">19.2.4.2</span> name</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-function-instances-prototype" title="prototype"><span class="secnum">19.2.4.3</span> prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-hosthassourcetextavailable" title="HostHasSourceTextAvailable ( func )"><span class="secnum">19.2.5</span> HostHasSourceTextAvailable ( <var>func</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-boolean-objects" title="Boolean Objects"><span class="secnum">19.3</span> Boolean Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-boolean-constructor" title="The Boolean Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.3.1</span> The Boolean Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-boolean-constructor-boolean-value" title="Boolean ( value )"><span class="secnum">19.3.1.1</span> Boolean ( <var>value</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-boolean-constructor" title="Properties of the Boolean Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.3.2</span> Properties of the Boolean Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-boolean.prototype" title="Boolean.prototype"><span class="secnum">19.3.2.1</span> Boolean.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-boolean-prototype-object" title="Properties of the Boolean Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">19.3.3</span> Properties of the Boolean Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-boolean.prototype.constructor" title="Boolean.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">19.3.3.1</span> Boolean.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-boolean.prototype.tostring" title="Boolean.prototype.toString ( )"><span class="secnum">19.3.3.2</span> Boolean.prototype.toString ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-boolean.prototype.valueof" title="Boolean.prototype.valueOf ( )"><span class="secnum">19.3.3.3</span> Boolean.prototype.valueOf ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-boolean-instances" title="Properties of Boolean Instances"><span class="secnum">19.3.4</span> Properties of Boolean Instances</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-symbol-objects" title="Symbol Objects"><span class="secnum">19.4</span> Symbol Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-symbol-constructor" title="The Symbol Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.4.1</span> The Symbol Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol-description" title="Symbol ( [ description ] )"><span class="secnum">19.4.1.1</span> Symbol ( [ <var>description</var> ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-symbol-constructor" title="Properties of the Symbol Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.4.2</span> Properties of the Symbol Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.asynciterator" title="Symbol.asyncIterator"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.1</span> Symbol.asyncIterator</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.for" title="Symbol.for ( key )"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.2</span> Symbol.for ( <var>key</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.hasinstance" title="Symbol.hasInstance"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.3</span> Symbol.hasInstance</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.isconcatspreadable" title="Symbol.isConcatSpreadable"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.4</span> Symbol.isConcatSpreadable</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.iterator" title="Symbol.iterator"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.5</span> Symbol.iterator</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.keyfor" title="Symbol.keyFor ( sym )"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.6</span> Symbol.keyFor ( <var>sym</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.match" title="Symbol.match"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.7</span> Symbol.match</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.prototype" title="Symbol.prototype"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.8</span> Symbol.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.replace" title="Symbol.replace"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.9</span> Symbol.replace</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.search" title="Symbol.search"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.10</span> Symbol.search</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.species" title="Symbol.species"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.11</span> Symbol.species</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.split" title="Symbol.split"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.12</span> Symbol.split</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.toprimitive" title="Symbol.toPrimitive"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.13</span> Symbol.toPrimitive</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.tostringtag" title="Symbol.toStringTag"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.14</span> Symbol.toStringTag</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.unscopables" title="Symbol.unscopables"><span class="secnum">19.4.2.15</span> Symbol.unscopables</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-symbol-prototype-object" title="Properties of the Symbol Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">19.4.3</span> Properties of the Symbol Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.prototype.constructor" title="Symbol.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">19.4.3.1</span> Symbol.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.prototype.description" title="get Symbol.prototype.description"><span class="secnum">19.4.3.2</span> get Symbol.prototype.description</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-symbol.prototype.tostring" title="Symbol.prototype.toString ( )"><span class="secnum">19.4.3.3</span> Symbol.prototype.toString ( )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symboldescriptivestring" title="Runtime Semantics: SymbolDescriptiveString ( sym )"><span class="secnum">19.4.3.3.1</span> RS: SymbolDescriptiveString ( <var>sym</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.prototype.valueof" title="Symbol.prototype.valueOf ( )"><span class="secnum">19.4.3.4</span> Symbol.prototype.valueOf ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.prototype-@@toprimitive" title="Symbol.prototype [ @@toPrimitive ] ( hint )"><span class="secnum">19.4.3.5</span> Symbol.prototype [ @@toPrimitive ] ( <var>hint</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-symbol.prototype-@@tostringtag" title="Symbol.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">19.4.3.6</span> Symbol.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-symbol-instances" title="Properties of Symbol Instances"><span class="secnum">19.4.4</span> Properties of Symbol Instances</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-objects" title="Error Objects"><span class="secnum">19.5</span> Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-constructor" title="The Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error-message" title="Error ( message )"><span class="secnum">19.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-error-constructor" title="Properties of the Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.5.2</span> Properties of the Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error.prototype" title="Error.prototype"><span class="secnum">19.5.2.1</span> Error.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-error-prototype-object" title="Properties of the Error Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">19.5.3</span> Properties of the Error Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error.prototype.constructor" title="Error.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">19.5.3.1</span> Error.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error.prototype.message" title="Error.prototype.message"><span class="secnum">19.5.3.2</span> Error.prototype.message</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error.prototype.name" title="Error.prototype.name"><span class="secnum">19.5.3.3</span> Error.prototype.name</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error.prototype.tostring" title="Error.prototype.toString ( )"><span class="secnum">19.5.3.4</span> Error.prototype.toString ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-error-instances" title="Properties of Error Instances"><span class="secnum">19.5.4</span> Properties of Error Instances</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard" title="Native Error Types Used in This Standard"><span class="secnum">19.5.5</span> Native Error Types Used in This Standard</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-evalerror" title="EvalError"><span class="secnum">19.5.5.1</span> EvalError</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-rangeerror" title="RangeError"><span class="secnum">19.5.5.2</span> RangeError</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-referenceerror" title="ReferenceError"><span class="secnum">19.5.5.3</span> ReferenceError</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-syntaxerror" title="SyntaxError"><span class="secnum">19.5.5.4</span> SyntaxError</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-typeerror" title="TypeError"><span class="secnum">19.5.5.5</span> TypeError</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-urierror" title="URIError"><span class="secnum">19.5.5.6</span> URIError</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-object-structure" title="NativeError Object Structure"><span class="secnum">19.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-constructors" title="The NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">19.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror" title="NativeError ( message )"><span class="secnum">19.5.6.1.1</span> NativeError ( <var>message</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-nativeerror-constructors" title="Properties of the NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">19.5.6.2</span> Properties of the <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror.prototype" title="NativeError.prototype"><span class="secnum">19.5.6.2.1</span> NativeError.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-nativeerror-prototype-objects" title="Properties of the NativeError Prototype Objects"><span class="secnum">19.5.6.3</span> Properties of the <var>NativeError</var> Prototype Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror.prototype.constructor" title="NativeError.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">19.5.6.3.1</span> <var>NativeError</var>.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror.prototype.message" title="NativeError.prototype.message"><span class="secnum">19.5.6.3.2</span> <var>NativeError</var>.prototype.message</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror.prototype.name" title="NativeError.prototype.name"><span class="secnum">19.5.6.3.3</span> <var>NativeError</var>.prototype.name</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-nativeerror-instances" title="Properties of NativeError Instances"><span class="secnum">19.5.6.4</span> Properties of <var>NativeError</var> Instances</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-numbers-and-dates" title="Numbers and Dates"><span class="secnum">20</span> Numbers and Dates</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-number-objects" title="Number Objects"><span class="secnum">20.1</span> Number Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-number-constructor" title="The Number Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.1.1</span> The Number Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number-constructor-number-value" title="Number ( value )"><span class="secnum">20.1.1.1</span> Number ( <var>value</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-number-constructor" title="Properties of the Number Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.1.2</span> Properties of the Number Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.epsilon" title="Number.EPSILON"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.1</span> Number.EPSILON</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.isfinite" title="Number.isFinite ( number )"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.2</span> Number.isFinite ( <var>number</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.isinteger" title="Number.isInteger ( number )"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.3</span> Number.isInteger ( <var>number</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.isnan" title="Number.isNaN ( number )"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.4</span> Number.isNaN ( <var>number</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.issafeinteger" title="Number.isSafeInteger ( number )"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.5</span> Number.isSafeInteger ( <var>number</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.max_safe_integer" title="Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.6</span> Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.max_value" title="Number.MAX_VALUE"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.7</span> Number.MAX_VALUE</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.min_safe_integer" title="Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.8</span> Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.min_value" title="Number.MIN_VALUE"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.9</span> Number.MIN_VALUE</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.nan" title="Number.NaN"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.10</span> Number.NaN</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.negative_infinity" title="Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.11</span> Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.parsefloat" title="Number.parseFloat ( string )"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.12</span> Number.parseFloat ( <var>string</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.parseint" title="Number.parseInt ( string, radix )"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.13</span> Number.parseInt ( <var>string</var>, <var>radix</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.positive_infinity" title="Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.14</span> Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.prototype" title="Number.prototype"><span class="secnum">20.1.2.15</span> Number.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-number-prototype-object" title="Properties of the Number Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">20.1.3</span> Properties of the Number Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.prototype.constructor" title="Number.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">20.1.3.1</span> Number.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.prototype.toexponential" title="Number.prototype.toExponential ( fractionDigits )"><span class="secnum">20.1.3.2</span> Number.prototype.toExponential ( <var>fractionDigits</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.prototype.tofixed" title="Number.prototype.toFixed ( fractionDigits )"><span class="secnum">20.1.3.3</span> Number.prototype.toFixed ( <var>fractionDigits</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.prototype.tolocalestring" title="Number.prototype.toLocaleString ( [ reserved1 [ , reserved2 ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.1.3.4</span> Number.prototype.toLocaleString ( [ <var>reserved1</var> [ , <var>reserved2</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.prototype.toprecision" title="Number.prototype.toPrecision ( precision )"><span class="secnum">20.1.3.5</span> Number.prototype.toPrecision ( <var>precision</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.prototype.tostring" title="Number.prototype.toString ( [ radix ] )"><span class="secnum">20.1.3.6</span> Number.prototype.toString ( [ <var>radix</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number.prototype.valueof" title="Number.prototype.valueOf ( )"><span class="secnum">20.1.3.7</span> Number.prototype.valueOf ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-number-instances" title="Properties of Number Instances"><span class="secnum">20.1.4</span> Properties of Number Instances</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-math-object" title="The Math Object"><span class="secnum">20.2</span> The Math Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-value-properties-of-the-math-object" title="Value Properties of the Math Object"><span class="secnum">20.2.1</span> Value Properties of the Math Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.e" title="Math.E"><span class="secnum">20.2.1.1</span> Math.E</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.ln10" title="Math.LN10"><span class="secnum">20.2.1.2</span> Math.LN10</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.ln2" title="Math.LN2"><span class="secnum">20.2.1.3</span> Math.LN2</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.log10e" title="Math.LOG10E"><span class="secnum">20.2.1.4</span> Math.LOG10E</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.log2e" title="Math.LOG2E"><span class="secnum">20.2.1.5</span> Math.LOG2E</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.pi" title="Math.PI"><span class="secnum">20.2.1.6</span> Math.PI</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.sqrt1_2" title="Math.SQRT1_2"><span class="secnum">20.2.1.7</span> Math.SQRT1_2</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.sqrt2" title="Math.SQRT2"><span class="secnum">20.2.1.8</span> Math.SQRT2</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math-@@tostringtag" title="Math [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">20.2.1.9</span> Math [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-function-properties-of-the-math-object" title="Function Properties of the Math Object"><span class="secnum">20.2.2</span> Function Properties of the Math Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.abs" title="Math.abs ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.1</span> Math.abs ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.acos" title="Math.acos ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.2</span> Math.acos ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.acosh" title="Math.acosh ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.3</span> Math.acosh ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.asin" title="Math.asin ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.4</span> Math.asin ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.asinh" title="Math.asinh ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.5</span> Math.asinh ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.atan" title="Math.atan ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.6</span> Math.atan ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.atanh" title="Math.atanh ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.7</span> Math.atanh ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.atan2" title="Math.atan2 ( y, x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.8</span> Math.atan2 ( <var>y</var>, <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.cbrt" title="Math.cbrt ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.9</span> Math.cbrt ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.ceil" title="Math.ceil ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.10</span> Math.ceil ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.clz32" title="Math.clz32 ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.11</span> Math.clz32 ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.cos" title="Math.cos ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.12</span> Math.cos ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.cosh" title="Math.cosh ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.13</span> Math.cosh ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.exp" title="Math.exp ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.14</span> Math.exp ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.expm1" title="Math.expm1 ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.15</span> Math.expm1 ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.floor" title="Math.floor ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.16</span> Math.floor ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.fround" title="Math.fround ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.17</span> Math.fround ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.hypot" title="Math.hypot ( value1, value2, ...values )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.18</span> Math.hypot ( <var>value1</var>, <var>value2</var>, ...<var>values</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.imul" title="Math.imul ( x, y )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.19</span> Math.imul ( <var>x</var>, <var>y</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.log" title="Math.log ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.20</span> Math.log ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.log1p" title="Math.log1p ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.21</span> Math.log1p ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.log10" title="Math.log10 ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.22</span> Math.log10 ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.log2" title="Math.log2 ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.23</span> Math.log2 ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.max" title="Math.max ( value1, value2, ...values )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.24</span> Math.max ( <var>value1</var>, <var>value2</var>, ...<var>values</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.min" title="Math.min ( value1, value2, ...values )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.25</span> Math.min ( <var>value1</var>, <var>value2</var>, ...<var>values</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.pow" title="Math.pow ( base, exponent )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.26</span> Math.pow ( <var>base</var>, <var>exponent</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.random" title="Math.random ( )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.27</span> Math.random ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.round" title="Math.round ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.28</span> Math.round ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.sign" title="Math.sign ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.29</span> Math.sign ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.sin" title="Math.sin ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.30</span> Math.sin ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.sinh" title="Math.sinh ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.31</span> Math.sinh ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.sqrt" title="Math.sqrt ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.32</span> Math.sqrt ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.tan" title="Math.tan ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.33</span> Math.tan ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.tanh" title="Math.tanh ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.34</span> Math.tanh ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-math.trunc" title="Math.trunc ( x )"><span class="secnum">20.2.2.35</span> Math.trunc ( <var>x</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-date-objects" title="Date Objects"><span class="secnum">20.3</span> Date Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-overview-of-date-objects-and-definitions-of-abstract-operations" title="Overview of Date Objects and Definitions of Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">20.3.1</span> Overview of Date Objects and Definitions of Abstract Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-time-values-and-time-range" title="Time Values and Time Range"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.1</span> Time Values and Time Range</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-day-number-and-time-within-day" title="Day Number and Time within Day"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.2</span> Day Number and Time within Day</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-year-number" title="Year Number"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.3</span> Year Number</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-month-number" title="Month Number"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.4</span> Month Number</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date-number" title="Date Number"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.5</span> Date Number</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-week-day" title="Week Day"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.6</span> Week Day</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-local-time-zone-adjustment" title="LocalTZA ( t, isUTC )"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.7</span> LocalTZA ( <var>t</var>, <var>isUTC</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-localtime" title="LocalTime ( t )"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.8</span> LocalTime ( <var>t</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-utc-t" title="UTC ( t )"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.9</span> UTC ( <var>t</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-hours-minutes-second-and-milliseconds" title="Hours, Minutes, Second, and Milliseconds"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.10</span> Hours, Minutes, Second, and Milliseconds</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-maketime" title="MakeTime ( hour, min, sec, ms )"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.11</span> MakeTime ( <var>hour</var>, <var>min</var>, <var>sec</var>, <var>ms</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-makeday" title="MakeDay ( year, month, date )"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.12</span> MakeDay ( <var>year</var>, <var>month</var>, <var>date</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-makedate" title="MakeDate ( day, time )"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.13</span> MakeDate ( <var>day</var>, <var>time</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-timeclip" title="TimeClip ( time )"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.14</span> TimeClip ( <var>time</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-date-time-string-format" title="Date Time String Format"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.15</span> Date Time String Format</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-expanded-years" title="Expanded Years"><span class="secnum">20.3.1.15.1</span> Expanded Years</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-date-constructor" title="The Date Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.3.2</span> The Date Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date-year-month-date-hours-minutes-seconds-ms" title="Date ( year, month [ , date [ , hours [ , minutes [ , seconds [ , ms ] ] ] ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.2.1</span> Date ( <var>year</var>, <var>month</var> [ , <var>date</var> [ , <var>hours</var> [ , <var>minutes</var> [ , <var>seconds</var> [ , <var>ms</var> ] ] ] ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date-value" title="Date ( value )"><span class="secnum">20.3.2.2</span> Date ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date-constructor-date" title="Date ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.2.3</span> Date ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-date-constructor" title="Properties of the Date Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.3.3</span> Properties of the Date Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.now" title="Date.now ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.3.1</span> Date.now ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.parse" title="Date.parse ( string )"><span class="secnum">20.3.3.2</span> Date.parse ( <var>string</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype" title="Date.prototype"><span class="secnum">20.3.3.3</span> Date.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.utc" title="Date.UTC ( year [ , month [ , date [ , hours [ , minutes [ , seconds [ , ms ] ] ] ] ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.3.4</span> Date.UTC ( <var>year</var> [ , <var>month</var> [ , <var>date</var> [ , <var>hours</var> [ , <var>minutes</var> [ , <var>seconds</var> [ , <var>ms</var> ] ] ] ] ] ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-date-prototype-object" title="Properties of the Date Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">20.3.4</span> Properties of the Date Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.constructor" title="Date.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.1</span> Date.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getdate" title="Date.prototype.getDate ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.2</span> Date.prototype.getDate ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getday" title="Date.prototype.getDay ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.3</span> Date.prototype.getDay ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getfullyear" title="Date.prototype.getFullYear ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.4</span> Date.prototype.getFullYear ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.gethours" title="Date.prototype.getHours ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.5</span> Date.prototype.getHours ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getmilliseconds" title="Date.prototype.getMilliseconds ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.6</span> Date.prototype.getMilliseconds ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getminutes" title="Date.prototype.getMinutes ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.7</span> Date.prototype.getMinutes ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getmonth" title="Date.prototype.getMonth ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.8</span> Date.prototype.getMonth ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getseconds" title="Date.prototype.getSeconds ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.9</span> Date.prototype.getSeconds ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.gettime" title="Date.prototype.getTime ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.10</span> Date.prototype.getTime ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.gettimezoneoffset" title="Date.prototype.getTimezoneOffset ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.11</span> Date.prototype.getTimezoneOffset ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getutcdate" title="Date.prototype.getUTCDate ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.12</span> Date.prototype.getUTCDate ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getutcday" title="Date.prototype.getUTCDay ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.13</span> Date.prototype.getUTCDay ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getutcfullyear" title="Date.prototype.getUTCFullYear ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.14</span> Date.prototype.getUTCFullYear ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getutchours" title="Date.prototype.getUTCHours ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.15</span> Date.prototype.getUTCHours ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getutcmilliseconds" title="Date.prototype.getUTCMilliseconds ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.16</span> Date.prototype.getUTCMilliseconds ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getutcminutes" title="Date.prototype.getUTCMinutes ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.17</span> Date.prototype.getUTCMinutes ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getutcmonth" title="Date.prototype.getUTCMonth ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.18</span> Date.prototype.getUTCMonth ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getutcseconds" title="Date.prototype.getUTCSeconds ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.19</span> Date.prototype.getUTCSeconds ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setdate" title="Date.prototype.setDate ( date )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.20</span> Date.prototype.setDate ( <var>date</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setfullyear" title="Date.prototype.setFullYear ( year [ , month [ , date ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.21</span> Date.prototype.setFullYear ( <var>year</var> [ , <var>month</var> [ , <var>date</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.sethours" title="Date.prototype.setHours ( hour [ , min [ , sec [ , ms ] ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.22</span> Date.prototype.setHours ( <var>hour</var> [ , <var>min</var> [ , <var>sec</var> [ , <var>ms</var> ] ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setmilliseconds" title="Date.prototype.setMilliseconds ( ms )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.23</span> Date.prototype.setMilliseconds ( <var>ms</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setminutes" title="Date.prototype.setMinutes ( min [ , sec [ , ms ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.24</span> Date.prototype.setMinutes ( <var>min</var> [ , <var>sec</var> [ , <var>ms</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setmonth" title="Date.prototype.setMonth ( month [ , date ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.25</span> Date.prototype.setMonth ( <var>month</var> [ , <var>date</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setseconds" title="Date.prototype.setSeconds ( sec [ , ms ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.26</span> Date.prototype.setSeconds ( <var>sec</var> [ , <var>ms</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.settime" title="Date.prototype.setTime ( time )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.27</span> Date.prototype.setTime ( <var>time</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setutcdate" title="Date.prototype.setUTCDate ( date )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.28</span> Date.prototype.setUTCDate ( <var>date</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setutcfullyear" title="Date.prototype.setUTCFullYear ( year [ , month [ , date ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.29</span> Date.prototype.setUTCFullYear ( <var>year</var> [ , <var>month</var> [ , <var>date</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setutchours" title="Date.prototype.setUTCHours ( hour [ , min [ , sec [ , ms ] ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.30</span> Date.prototype.setUTCHours ( <var>hour</var> [ , <var>min</var> [ , <var>sec</var> [ , <var>ms</var> ] ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setutcmilliseconds" title="Date.prototype.setUTCMilliseconds ( ms )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.31</span> Date.prototype.setUTCMilliseconds ( <var>ms</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setutcminutes" title="Date.prototype.setUTCMinutes ( min [ , sec [ , ms ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.32</span> Date.prototype.setUTCMinutes ( <var>min</var> [ , <var>sec</var> [ , <var>ms</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setutcmonth" title="Date.prototype.setUTCMonth ( month [ , date ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.33</span> Date.prototype.setUTCMonth ( <var>month</var> [ , <var>date</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setutcseconds" title="Date.prototype.setUTCSeconds ( sec [ , ms ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.34</span> Date.prototype.setUTCSeconds ( <var>sec</var> [ , <var>ms</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.todatestring" title="Date.prototype.toDateString ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.35</span> Date.prototype.toDateString ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.toisostring" title="Date.prototype.toISOString ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.36</span> Date.prototype.toISOString ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.tojson" title="Date.prototype.toJSON ( key )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.37</span> Date.prototype.toJSON ( <var>key</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.tolocaledatestring" title="Date.prototype.toLocaleDateString ( [ reserved1 [ , reserved2 ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.38</span> Date.prototype.toLocaleDateString ( [ <var>reserved1</var> [ , <var>reserved2</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.tolocalestring" title="Date.prototype.toLocaleString ( [ reserved1 [ , reserved2 ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.39</span> Date.prototype.toLocaleString ( [ <var>reserved1</var> [ , <var>reserved2</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.tolocaletimestring" title="Date.prototype.toLocaleTimeString ( [ reserved1 [ , reserved2 ] ] )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.40</span> Date.prototype.toLocaleTimeString ( [ <var>reserved1</var> [ , <var>reserved2</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.tostring" title="Date.prototype.toString ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.41</span> Date.prototype.toString ( )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-timestring" title="Runtime Semantics: TimeString ( tv )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.41.1</span> RS: TimeString ( <var>tv</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-datestring" title="Runtime Semantics: DateString ( tv )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.41.2</span> RS: DateString ( <var>tv</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-timezoneestring" title="Runtime Semantics: TimeZoneString ( tv )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.41.3</span> RS: TimeZoneString ( <var>tv</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-todatestring" title="Runtime Semantics: ToDateString ( tv )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.41.4</span> RS: ToDateString ( <var>tv</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.totimestring" title="Date.prototype.toTimeString ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.42</span> Date.prototype.toTimeString ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.toutcstring" title="Date.prototype.toUTCString ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.43</span> Date.prototype.toUTCString ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.valueof" title="Date.prototype.valueOf ( )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.44</span> Date.prototype.valueOf ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype-@@toprimitive" title="Date.prototype [ @@toPrimitive ] ( hint )"><span class="secnum">20.3.4.45</span> Date.prototype [ @@toPrimitive ] ( <var>hint</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-date-instances" title="Properties of Date Instances"><span class="secnum">20.3.5</span> Properties of Date Instances</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-text-processing" title="Text Processing"><span class="secnum">21</span> Text Processing</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-string-objects" title="String Objects"><span class="secnum">21.1</span> String Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-string-constructor" title="The String Constructor"><span class="secnum">21.1.1</span> The String Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string-constructor-string-value" title="String ( value )"><span class="secnum">21.1.1.1</span> String ( <var>value</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-string-constructor" title="Properties of the String Constructor"><span class="secnum">21.1.2</span> Properties of the String Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.fromcharcode" title="String.fromCharCode ( ...codeUnits )"><span class="secnum">21.1.2.1</span> String.fromCharCode ( ...<var>codeUnits</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.fromcodepoint" title="String.fromCodePoint ( ...codePoints )"><span class="secnum">21.1.2.2</span> String.fromCodePoint ( ...<var>codePoints</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype" title="String.prototype"><span class="secnum">21.1.2.3</span> String.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.raw" title="String.raw ( template, ...substitutions )"><span class="secnum">21.1.2.4</span> String.raw ( <var>template</var>, ...<var>substitutions</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-string-prototype-object" title="Properties of the String Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">21.1.3</span> Properties of the String Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.charat" title="String.prototype.charAt ( pos )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.1</span> String.prototype.charAt ( <var>pos</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.charcodeat" title="String.prototype.charCodeAt ( pos )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.2</span> String.prototype.charCodeAt ( <var>pos</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.codepointat" title="String.prototype.codePointAt ( pos )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.3</span> String.prototype.codePointAt ( <var>pos</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.concat" title="String.prototype.concat ( ...args )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.4</span> String.prototype.concat ( ...<var>args</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.constructor" title="String.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.5</span> String.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.endswith" title="String.prototype.endsWith ( searchString [ , endPosition ] )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.6</span> String.prototype.endsWith ( <var>searchString</var> [ , <var>endPosition</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.includes" title="String.prototype.includes ( searchString [ , position ] )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.7</span> String.prototype.includes ( <var>searchString</var> [ , <var>position</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.indexof" title="String.prototype.indexOf ( searchString [ , position ] )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.8</span> String.prototype.indexOf ( <var>searchString</var> [ , <var>position</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.lastindexof" title="String.prototype.lastIndexOf ( searchString [ , position ] )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.9</span> String.prototype.lastIndexOf ( <var>searchString</var> [ , <var>position</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.localecompare" title="String.prototype.localeCompare ( that [ , reserved1 [ , reserved2 ] ] )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.10</span> String.prototype.localeCompare ( <var>that</var> [ , <var>reserved1</var> [ , <var>reserved2</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.match" title="String.prototype.match ( regexp )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.11</span> String.prototype.match ( <var>regexp</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.normalize" title="String.prototype.normalize ( [ form ] )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.12</span> String.prototype.normalize ( [ <var>form</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.padend" title="String.prototype.padEnd ( maxLength [ , fillString ] )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.13</span> String.prototype.padEnd ( <var>maxLength</var> [ , <var>fillString</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.padstart" title="String.prototype.padStart ( maxLength [ , fillString ] )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.14</span> String.prototype.padStart ( <var>maxLength</var> [ , <var>fillString</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.repeat" title="String.prototype.repeat ( count )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.15</span> String.prototype.repeat ( <var>count</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.replace" title="String.prototype.replace ( searchValue, replaceValue )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.16</span> String.prototype.replace ( <var>searchValue</var>, <var>replaceValue</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getsubstitution" title="Runtime Semantics: GetSubstitution ( matched, str, position, captures, namedCaptures, replacement )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.16.1</span> RS: GetSubstitution ( <var>matched</var>, <var>str</var>, <var>position</var>, <var>captures</var>, <var>namedCaptures</var>, <var>replacement</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.search" title="String.prototype.search ( regexp )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.17</span> String.prototype.search ( <var>regexp</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.slice" title="String.prototype.slice ( start, end )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.18</span> String.prototype.slice ( <var>start</var>, <var>end</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.split" title="String.prototype.split ( separator, limit )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.19</span> String.prototype.split ( <var>separator</var>, <var>limit</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-splitmatch" title="Runtime Semantics: SplitMatch ( S, q, R )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.19.1</span> RS: SplitMatch ( <var>S</var>, <var>q</var>, <var>R</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.startswith" title="String.prototype.startsWith ( searchString [ , position ] )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.20</span> String.prototype.startsWith ( <var>searchString</var> [ , <var>position</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.substring" title="String.prototype.substring ( start, end )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.21</span> String.prototype.substring ( <var>start</var>, <var>end</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.tolocalelowercase" title="String.prototype.toLocaleLowerCase ( [ reserved1 [ , reserved2 ] ] )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.22</span> String.prototype.toLocaleLowerCase ( [ <var>reserved1</var> [ , <var>reserved2</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.tolocaleuppercase" title="String.prototype.toLocaleUpperCase ( [ reserved1 [ , reserved2 ] ] )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.23</span> String.prototype.toLocaleUpperCase ( [ <var>reserved1</var> [ , <var>reserved2</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.tolowercase" title="String.prototype.toLowerCase ( )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.24</span> String.prototype.toLowerCase ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.tostring" title="String.prototype.toString ( )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.25</span> String.prototype.toString ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.touppercase" title="String.prototype.toUpperCase ( )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.26</span> String.prototype.toUpperCase ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.trim" title="String.prototype.trim ( )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.27</span> String.prototype.trim ( )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-trimstring" title="Runtime Semantics: TrimString ( string, where )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.27.1</span> RS: TrimString ( <var>string</var>, <var>where</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.trimend" title="String.prototype.trimEnd ( )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.28</span> String.prototype.trimEnd ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.trimstart" title="String.prototype.trimStart ( )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.29</span> String.prototype.trimStart ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.valueof" title="String.prototype.valueOf ( )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.30</span> String.prototype.valueOf ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype-@@iterator" title="String.prototype [ @@iterator ] ( )"><span class="secnum">21.1.3.31</span> String.prototype [ @@iterator ] ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-string-instances" title="Properties of String Instances"><span class="secnum">21.1.4</span> Properties of String Instances</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-string-instances-length" title="length"><span class="secnum">21.1.4.1</span> length</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-string-iterator-objects" title="String Iterator Objects"><span class="secnum">21.1.5</span> String Iterator Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createstringiterator" title="CreateStringIterator ( string )"><span class="secnum">21.1.5.1</span> CreateStringIterator ( <var>string</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-%stringiteratorprototype%-object" title="The %StringIteratorPrototype% Object"><span class="secnum">21.1.5.2</span> The %StringIteratorPrototype% Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%stringiteratorprototype%.next" title="%StringIteratorPrototype%.next ( )"><span class="secnum">21.1.5.2.1</span> %StringIteratorPrototype%.next ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%stringiteratorprototype%-@@tostringtag" title="%StringIteratorPrototype% [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">21.1.5.2.2</span> %StringIteratorPrototype% [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-string-iterator-instances" title="Properties of String Iterator Instances"><span class="secnum">21.1.5.3</span> Properties of String Iterator Instances</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-regexp-regular-expression-objects" title="RegExp (Regular Expression) Objects"><span class="secnum">21.2</span> RegExp (Regular Expression) Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-patterns" title="Patterns"><span class="secnum">21.2.1</span> Patterns</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-patterns-static-semantics-early-errors" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">21.2.1.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-patterns-static-semantics-capturing-group-number" title="Static Semantics: CapturingGroupNumber"><span class="secnum">21.2.1.2</span> SS: CapturingGroupNumber</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-patterns-static-semantics-is-character-class" title="Static Semantics: IsCharacterClass"><span class="secnum">21.2.1.3</span> SS: IsCharacterClass</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-patterns-static-semantics-character-value" title="Static Semantics: CharacterValue"><span class="secnum">21.2.1.4</span> SS: CharacterValue</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-static-semantics-sourcetext" title="Static Semantics: SourceText"><span class="secnum">21.2.1.5</span> SS: SourceText</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexp-identifier-names-static-semantics-stringvalue" title="Static Semantics: StringValue"><span class="secnum">21.2.1.6</span> SS: StringValue</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-pattern-semantics" title="Pattern Semantics"><span class="secnum">21.2.2</span> Pattern Semantics</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-notation" title="Notation"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.1</span> Notation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-pattern" title="Pattern"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.2</span> Pattern</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-disjunction" title="Disjunction"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.3</span> Disjunction</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-alternative" title="Alternative"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.4</span> Alternative</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-term" title="Term"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.5</span> Term</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-repeatmatcher-abstract-operation" title="Runtime Semantics: RepeatMatcher ( m, min, max, greedy, x, c, parenIndex, parenCount )"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.5.1</span> RS: RepeatMatcher ( <var>m</var>, <var>min</var>, <var>max</var>, <var>greedy</var>, <var>x</var>, <var>c</var>, <var>parenIndex</var>, <var>parenCount</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-assertion" title="Assertion"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.6</span> Assertion</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-wordcharacters-abstract-operation" title="Runtime Semantics: WordCharacters ( )"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.6.1</span> RS: WordCharacters ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-iswordchar-abstract-operation" title="Runtime Semantics: IsWordChar ( e )"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.6.2</span> RS: IsWordChar ( <var>e</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-quantifier" title="Quantifier"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.7</span> Quantifier</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-atom" title="Atom"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.8</span> Atom</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-charactersetmatcher-abstract-operation" title="Runtime Semantics: CharacterSetMatcher ( A, invert, direction )"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.8.1</span> RS: CharacterSetMatcher ( <var>A</var>, <var>invert</var>, <var>direction</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-canonicalize-ch" title="Runtime Semantics: Canonicalize ( ch )"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.8.2</span> RS: Canonicalize ( <var>ch</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-unicodematchproperty-p" title="Runtime Semantics: UnicodeMatchProperty ( p )"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.8.3</span> RS: UnicodeMatchProperty ( <var>p</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-unicodematchpropertyvalue-p-v" title="Runtime Semantics: UnicodeMatchPropertyValue ( p, v )"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.8.4</span> RS: UnicodeMatchPropertyValue ( <var>p</var>, <var>v</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-atomescape" title="AtomEscape"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.9</span> AtomEscape</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-backreference-matcher" title="Runtime Semantics: BackreferenceMatcher ( n, direction )"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.9.1</span> RS: BackreferenceMatcher ( <var>n</var>, <var>direction</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-characterescape" title="CharacterEscape"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.10</span> CharacterEscape</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-decimalescape" title="DecimalEscape"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.11</span> DecimalEscape</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-characterclassescape" title="CharacterClassEscape"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.12</span> CharacterClassEscape</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-characterclass" title="CharacterClass"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.13</span> CharacterClass</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-classranges" title="ClassRanges"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.14</span> ClassRanges</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nonemptyclassranges" title="NonemptyClassRanges"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.15</span> NonemptyClassRanges</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-characterrange-abstract-operation" title="Runtime Semantics: CharacterRange ( A, B )"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.15.1</span> RS: CharacterRange ( <var>A</var>, <var>B</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nonemptyclassrangesnodash" title="NonemptyClassRangesNoDash"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.16</span> NonemptyClassRangesNoDash</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-classatom" title="ClassAtom"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.17</span> ClassAtom</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-classatomnodash" title="ClassAtomNoDash"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.18</span> ClassAtomNoDash</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-classescape" title="ClassEscape"><span class="secnum">21.2.2.19</span> ClassEscape</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-regexp-constructor" title="The RegExp Constructor"><span class="secnum">21.2.3</span> The RegExp Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexp-pattern-flags" title="RegExp ( pattern, flags )"><span class="secnum">21.2.3.1</span> RegExp ( <var>pattern</var>, <var>flags</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations-for-the-regexp-constructor" title="Abstract Operations for the RegExp Constructor"><span class="secnum">21.2.3.2</span> Abstract Operations for the RegExp Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexpalloc" title="Runtime Semantics: RegExpAlloc ( newTarget )"><span class="secnum">21.2.3.2.1</span> RS: RegExpAlloc ( <var>newTarget</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexpinitialize" title="Runtime Semantics: RegExpInitialize ( obj, pattern, flags )"><span class="secnum">21.2.3.2.2</span> RS: RegExpInitialize ( <var>obj</var>, <var>pattern</var>, <var>flags</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexpcreate" title="Runtime Semantics: RegExpCreate ( P, F )"><span class="secnum">21.2.3.2.3</span> RS: RegExpCreate ( <var>P</var>, <var>F</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-escaperegexppattern" title="Runtime Semantics: EscapeRegExpPattern ( P, F )"><span class="secnum">21.2.3.2.4</span> RS: EscapeRegExpPattern ( <var>P</var>, <var>F</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-regexp-constructor" title="Properties of the RegExp Constructor"><span class="secnum">21.2.4</span> Properties of the RegExp Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexp.prototype" title="RegExp.prototype"><span class="secnum">21.2.4.1</span> RegExp.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-regexp-@@species" title="get RegExp [ @@species ]"><span class="secnum">21.2.4.2</span> get RegExp [ @@species ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-regexp-prototype-object" title="Properties of the RegExp Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">21.2.5</span> Properties of the RegExp Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexp.prototype.constructor" title="RegExp.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.1</span> RegExp.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-regexp.prototype.exec" title="RegExp.prototype.exec ( string )"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.2</span> RegExp.prototype.exec ( <var>string</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexpexec" title="Runtime Semantics: RegExpExec ( R, S )"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.2.1</span> RS: RegExpExec ( <var>R</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexpbuiltinexec" title="Runtime Semantics: RegExpBuiltinExec ( R, S )"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.2.2</span> RS: RegExpBuiltinExec ( <var>R</var>, <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-advancestringindex" title="AdvanceStringIndex ( S, index, unicode )"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.2.3</span> AdvanceStringIndex ( <var>S</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>unicode</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-regexp.prototype.dotAll" title="get RegExp.prototype.dotAll"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.3</span> get RegExp.prototype.dotAll</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-regexp.prototype.flags" title="get RegExp.prototype.flags"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.4</span> get RegExp.prototype.flags</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-regexp.prototype.global" title="get RegExp.prototype.global"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.5</span> get RegExp.prototype.global</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-regexp.prototype.ignorecase" title="get RegExp.prototype.ignoreCase"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.6</span> get RegExp.prototype.ignoreCase</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexp.prototype-@@match" title="RegExp.prototype [ @@match ] ( string )"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.7</span> RegExp.prototype [ @@match ] ( <var>string</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-regexp.prototype.multiline" title="get RegExp.prototype.multiline"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.8</span> get RegExp.prototype.multiline</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexp.prototype-@@replace" title="RegExp.prototype [ @@replace ] ( string, replaceValue )"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.9</span> RegExp.prototype [ @@replace ] ( <var>string</var>, <var>replaceValue</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexp.prototype-@@search" title="RegExp.prototype [ @@search ] ( string )"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.10</span> RegExp.prototype [ @@search ] ( <var>string</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-regexp.prototype.source" title="get RegExp.prototype.source"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.11</span> get RegExp.prototype.source</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexp.prototype-@@split" title="RegExp.prototype [ @@split ] ( string, limit )"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.12</span> RegExp.prototype [ @@split ] ( <var>string</var>, <var>limit</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-regexp.prototype.sticky" title="get RegExp.prototype.sticky"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.13</span> get RegExp.prototype.sticky</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexp.prototype.test" title="RegExp.prototype.test ( S )"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.14</span> RegExp.prototype.test ( <var>S</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexp.prototype.tostring" title="RegExp.prototype.toString ( )"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.15</span> RegExp.prototype.toString ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-regexp.prototype.unicode" title="get RegExp.prototype.unicode"><span class="secnum">21.2.5.16</span> get RegExp.prototype.unicode</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-regexp-instances" title="Properties of RegExp Instances"><span class="secnum">21.2.6</span> Properties of RegExp Instances</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-lastindex" title="lastIndex"><span class="secnum">21.2.6.1</span> lastIndex</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-indexed-collections" title="Indexed Collections"><span class="secnum">22</span> Indexed Collections</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-array-objects" title="Array Objects"><span class="secnum">22.1</span> Array Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-array-constructor" title="The Array Constructor"><span class="secnum">22.1.1</span> The Array Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array-constructor-array" title="Array ( )"><span class="secnum">22.1.1.1</span> Array ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array-len" title="Array ( len )"><span class="secnum">22.1.1.2</span> Array ( <var>len</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array-items" title="Array ( ...items )"><span class="secnum">22.1.1.3</span> Array ( ...<var>items</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-constructor" title="Properties of the Array Constructor"><span class="secnum">22.1.2</span> Properties of the Array Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.from" title="Array.from ( items [ , mapfn [ , thisArg ] ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.2.1</span> Array.from ( <var>items</var> [ , <var>mapfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.isarray" title="Array.isArray ( arg )"><span class="secnum">22.1.2.2</span> Array.isArray ( <var>arg</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.of" title="Array.of ( ...items )"><span class="secnum">22.1.2.3</span> Array.of ( ...<var>items</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype" title="Array.prototype"><span class="secnum">22.1.2.4</span> Array.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-array-@@species" title="get Array [ @@species ]"><span class="secnum">22.1.2.5</span> get Array [ @@species ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object" title="Properties of the Array Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">22.1.3</span> Properties of the Array Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.concat" title="Array.prototype.concat ( ...arguments )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.1</span> Array.prototype.concat ( ...<var>arguments</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isconcatspreadable" title="Runtime Semantics: IsConcatSpreadable ( O )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.1.1</span> RS: IsConcatSpreadable ( <var>O</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.constructor" title="Array.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.2</span> Array.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.copywithin" title="Array.prototype.copyWithin ( target, start [ , end ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.3</span> Array.prototype.copyWithin ( <var>target</var>, <var>start</var> [ , <var>end</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.entries" title="Array.prototype.entries ( )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.4</span> Array.prototype.entries ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.every" title="Array.prototype.every ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.5</span> Array.prototype.every ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.fill" title="Array.prototype.fill ( value [ , start [ , end ] ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.6</span> Array.prototype.fill ( <var>value</var> [ , <var>start</var> [ , <var>end</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.filter" title="Array.prototype.filter ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.7</span> Array.prototype.filter ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.find" title="Array.prototype.find ( predicate [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.8</span> Array.prototype.find ( <var>predicate</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.findindex" title="Array.prototype.findIndex ( predicate [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.9</span> Array.prototype.findIndex ( <var>predicate</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.flat" title="Array.prototype.flat( [ depth ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.10</span> Array.prototype.flat( [ <var>depth</var> ] )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-flattenintoarray" title="FlattenIntoArray(target, source, sourceLen, start, depth [ , mapperFunction, thisArg ])"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.10.1</span> FlattenIntoArray(<var>target</var>, <var>source</var>, <var>sourceLen</var>, <var>start</var>, <var>depth</var> [ , <var>mapperFunction</var>, <var>thisArg</var> ])</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.flatmap" title="Array.prototype.flatMap ( mapperFunction [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.11</span> Array.prototype.flatMap ( <var>mapperFunction</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.foreach" title="Array.prototype.forEach ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.12</span> Array.prototype.forEach ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.includes" title="Array.prototype.includes ( searchElement [ , fromIndex ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.13</span> Array.prototype.includes ( <var>searchElement</var> [ , <var>fromIndex</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.indexof" title="Array.prototype.indexOf ( searchElement [ , fromIndex ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.14</span> Array.prototype.indexOf ( <var>searchElement</var> [ , <var>fromIndex</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.join" title="Array.prototype.join ( separator )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.15</span> Array.prototype.join ( <var>separator</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.keys" title="Array.prototype.keys ( )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.16</span> Array.prototype.keys ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.lastindexof" title="Array.prototype.lastIndexOf ( searchElement [ , fromIndex ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.17</span> Array.prototype.lastIndexOf ( <var>searchElement</var> [ , <var>fromIndex</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.map" title="Array.prototype.map ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.18</span> Array.prototype.map ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.pop" title="Array.prototype.pop ( )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.19</span> Array.prototype.pop ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.push" title="Array.prototype.push ( ...items )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.20</span> Array.prototype.push ( ...<var>items</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.reduce" title="Array.prototype.reduce ( callbackfn [ , initialValue ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.21</span> Array.prototype.reduce ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>initialValue</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.reduceright" title="Array.prototype.reduceRight ( callbackfn [ , initialValue ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.22</span> Array.prototype.reduceRight ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>initialValue</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.reverse" title="Array.prototype.reverse ( )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.23</span> Array.prototype.reverse ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.shift" title="Array.prototype.shift ( )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.24</span> Array.prototype.shift ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.slice" title="Array.prototype.slice ( start, end )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.25</span> Array.prototype.slice ( <var>start</var>, <var>end</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.some" title="Array.prototype.some ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.26</span> Array.prototype.some ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.sort" title="Array.prototype.sort ( comparefn )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.27</span> Array.prototype.sort ( <var>comparefn</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-sortcompare" title="Runtime Semantics: SortCompare ( x, y )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.27.1</span> RS: SortCompare ( <var>x</var>, <var>y</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.splice" title="Array.prototype.splice ( start, deleteCount, ...items )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.28</span> Array.prototype.splice ( <var>start</var>, <var>deleteCount</var>, ...<var>items</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.tolocalestring" title="Array.prototype.toLocaleString ( [ reserved1 [ , reserved2 ] ] )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.29</span> Array.prototype.toLocaleString ( [ <var>reserved1</var> [ , <var>reserved2</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.tostring" title="Array.prototype.toString ( )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.30</span> Array.prototype.toString ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.unshift" title="Array.prototype.unshift ( ...items )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.31</span> Array.prototype.unshift ( ...<var>items</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype.values" title="Array.prototype.values ( )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.32</span> Array.prototype.values ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype-@@iterator" title="Array.prototype [ @@iterator ] ( )"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.33</span> Array.prototype [ @@iterator ] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-array.prototype-@@unscopables" title="Array.prototype [ @@unscopables ]"><span class="secnum">22.1.3.34</span> Array.prototype [ @@unscopables ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-array-instances" title="Properties of Array Instances"><span class="secnum">22.1.4</span> Properties of Array Instances</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-array-instances-length" title="length"><span class="secnum">22.1.4.1</span> length</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-array-iterator-objects" title="Array Iterator Objects"><span class="secnum">22.1.5</span> Array Iterator Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createarrayiterator" title="CreateArrayIterator ( array, kind )"><span class="secnum">22.1.5.1</span> CreateArrayIterator ( <var>array</var>, <var>kind</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-%arrayiteratorprototype%-object" title="The %ArrayIteratorPrototype% Object"><span class="secnum">22.1.5.2</span> The %ArrayIteratorPrototype% Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%arrayiteratorprototype%.next" title="%ArrayIteratorPrototype%.next ( )"><span class="secnum">22.1.5.2.1</span> %ArrayIteratorPrototype%.next ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%arrayiteratorprototype%-@@tostringtag" title="%ArrayIteratorPrototype% [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">22.1.5.2.2</span> %ArrayIteratorPrototype% [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-array-iterator-instances" title="Properties of Array Iterator Instances"><span class="secnum">22.1.5.3</span> Properties of Array Iterator Instances</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-typedarray-objects" title="TypedArray Objects"><span class="secnum">22.2</span> TypedArray Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%-intrinsic-object" title="The %TypedArray% Intrinsic Object"><span class="secnum">22.2.1</span> The %TypedArray% Intrinsic Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%" title="%TypedArray% ( )"><span class="secnum">22.2.1.1</span> %TypedArray% ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-%typedarray%-intrinsic-object" title="Properties of the %TypedArray% Intrinsic Object"><span class="secnum">22.2.2</span> Properties of the %TypedArray% Intrinsic Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.from" title="%TypedArray%.from ( source [ , mapfn [ , thisArg ] ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.2.1</span> %TypedArray%.from ( <var>source</var> [ , <var>mapfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] ] )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-iterabletolist" title="Runtime Semantics: IterableToList ( items, method )"><span class="secnum">22.2.2.1.1</span> RS: IterableToList ( <var>items</var>, <var>method</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.of" title="%TypedArray%.of ( ...items )"><span class="secnum">22.2.2.2</span> %TypedArray%.of ( ...<var>items</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype" title="%TypedArray%.prototype"><span class="secnum">22.2.2.3</span> %TypedArray%.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-%typedarray%-@@species" title="get %TypedArray% [ @@species ]"><span class="secnum">22.2.2.4</span> get %TypedArray% [ @@species ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-%typedarrayprototype%-object" title="Properties of the %TypedArrayPrototype% Object"><span class="secnum">22.2.3</span> Properties of the %TypedArrayPrototype% Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-%typedarray%.prototype.buffer" title="get %TypedArray%.prototype.buffer"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.1</span> get %TypedArray%.prototype.buffer</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-%typedarray%.prototype.bytelength" title="get %TypedArray%.prototype.byteLength"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.2</span> get %TypedArray%.prototype.byteLength</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-%typedarray%.prototype.byteoffset" title="get %TypedArray%.prototype.byteOffset"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.3</span> get %TypedArray%.prototype.byteOffset</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.constructor" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.4</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.copywithin" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.copyWithin ( target, start [ , end ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.5</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.copyWithin ( <var>target</var>, <var>start</var> [ , <var>end</var> ] )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-validatetypedarray" title="Runtime Semantics: ValidateTypedArray ( O )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.5.1</span> RS: ValidateTypedArray ( <var>O</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.entries" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.entries ( )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.6</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.entries ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.every" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.every ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.7</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.every ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.fill" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.fill ( value [ , start [ , end ] ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.8</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.fill ( <var>value</var> [ , <var>start</var> [ , <var>end</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.filter" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.filter ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.9</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.filter ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.find" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.find ( predicate [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.10</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.find ( <var>predicate</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.findindex" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.findIndex ( predicate [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.11</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.findIndex ( <var>predicate</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.foreach" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.forEach ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.12</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.forEach ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.includes" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.includes ( searchElement [ , fromIndex ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.13</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.includes ( <var>searchElement</var> [ , <var>fromIndex</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.indexof" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.indexOf ( searchElement [ , fromIndex ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.14</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.indexOf ( <var>searchElement</var> [ , <var>fromIndex</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.join" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.join ( separator )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.15</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.join ( <var>separator</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.keys" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.keys ( )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.16</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.keys ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.lastindexof" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.lastIndexOf ( searchElement [ , fromIndex ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.17</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.lastIndexOf ( <var>searchElement</var> [ , <var>fromIndex</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-%typedarray%.prototype.length" title="get %TypedArray%.prototype.length"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.18</span> get %TypedArray%.prototype.length</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.map" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.map ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.19</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.map ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.reduce" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.reduce ( callbackfn [ , initialValue ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.20</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.reduce ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>initialValue</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.reduceright" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.reduceRight ( callbackfn [ , initialValue ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.21</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.reduceRight ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>initialValue</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.reverse" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.reverse ( )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.22</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.reverse ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.set-overloaded-offset" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.set ( overloaded [ , offset ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.23</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.set ( <var>overloaded</var> [ , <var>offset</var> ] )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.set-array-offset" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.set ( array [ , offset ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.23.1</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.set ( <var>array</var> [ , <var>offset</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.set-typedarray-offset" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.set ( typedArray [ , offset ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.23.2</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.set ( <var>typedArray</var> [ , <var>offset</var> ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.slice" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.slice ( start, end )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.24</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.slice ( <var>start</var>, <var>end</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.some" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.some ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.25</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.some ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.sort" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.sort ( comparefn )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.26</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.sort ( <var>comparefn</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.subarray" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.subarray ( begin, end )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.27</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.subarray ( <var>begin</var>, <var>end</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.tolocalestring" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.toLocaleString ( [ reserved1 [ , reserved2 ] ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.28</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.toLocaleString ( [ <var>reserved1</var> [ , <var>reserved2</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.tostring" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.toString ( )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.29</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.toString ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.values" title="%TypedArray%.prototype.values ( )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.30</span> %TypedArray%.prototype.values ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%typedarray%.prototype-@@iterator" title="%TypedArray%.prototype [ @@iterator ] ( )"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.31</span> %TypedArray%.prototype [ @@iterator ] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-%typedarray%.prototype-@@tostringtag" title="get %TypedArray%.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">22.2.3.32</span> get %TypedArray%.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-typedarray-constructors" title="The TypedArray Constructors"><span class="secnum">22.2.4</span> The <var>TypedArray</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-typedarray" title="TypedArray ( )"><span class="secnum">22.2.4.1</span> <var>TypedArray</var> ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-typedarray-length" title="TypedArray ( length )"><span class="secnum">22.2.4.2</span> <var>TypedArray</var> ( <var>length</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-allocatetypedarray" title="Runtime Semantics: AllocateTypedArray ( constructorName, newTarget, defaultProto [ , length ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.4.2.1</span> RS: AllocateTypedArray ( <var>constructorName</var>, <var>newTarget</var>, <var>defaultProto</var> [ , <var>length</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-allocatetypedarraybuffer" title="Runtime Semantics: AllocateTypedArrayBuffer ( O, length )"><span class="secnum">22.2.4.2.2</span> RS: AllocateTypedArrayBuffer ( <var>O</var>, <var>length</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-typedarray-typedarray" title="TypedArray ( typedArray )"><span class="secnum">22.2.4.3</span> <var>TypedArray</var> ( <var>typedArray</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-typedarray-object" title="TypedArray ( object )"><span class="secnum">22.2.4.4</span> <var>TypedArray</var> ( <var>object</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-typedarray-buffer-byteoffset-length" title="TypedArray ( buffer [ , byteOffset [ , length ] ] )"><span class="secnum">22.2.4.5</span> <var>TypedArray</var> ( <var>buffer</var> [ , <var>byteOffset</var> [ , <var>length</var> ] ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#typedarray-create" title="TypedArrayCreate ( constructor, argumentList )"><span class="secnum">22.2.4.6</span> TypedArrayCreate ( <var>constructor</var>, <var>argumentList</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#typedarray-species-create" title="TypedArraySpeciesCreate ( exemplar, argumentList )"><span class="secnum">22.2.4.7</span> TypedArraySpeciesCreate ( <var>exemplar</var>, <var>argumentList</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-typedarray-constructors" title="Properties of the TypedArray Constructors"><span class="secnum">22.2.5</span> Properties of the <var>TypedArray</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-typedarray.bytes_per_element" title="TypedArray.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT"><span class="secnum">22.2.5.1</span> <var>TypedArray</var>.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-typedarray.prototype" title="TypedArray.prototype"><span class="secnum">22.2.5.2</span> <var>TypedArray</var>.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-typedarray-prototype-objects" title="Properties of the TypedArray Prototype Objects"><span class="secnum">22.2.6</span> Properties of the <var>TypedArray</var> Prototype Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-typedarray.prototype.bytes_per_element" title="TypedArray.prototype.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT"><span class="secnum">22.2.6.1</span> <var>TypedArray</var>.prototype.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-typedarray.prototype.constructor" title="TypedArray.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">22.2.6.2</span> <var>TypedArray</var>.prototype.constructor</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-typedarray-instances" title="Properties of TypedArray Instances"><span class="secnum">22.2.7</span> Properties of <var>TypedArray</var> Instances</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-keyed-collections" title="Keyed Collections"><span class="secnum">23</span> Keyed Collections</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-map-objects" title="Map Objects"><span class="secnum">23.1</span> Map Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-map-constructor" title="The Map Constructor"><span class="secnum">23.1.1</span> The Map Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map-iterable" title="Map ( [ iterable ] )"><span class="secnum">23.1.1.1</span> Map ( [ <var>iterable</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-add-entries-from-iterable" title="AddEntriesFromIterable ( target, iterable, adder )"><span class="secnum">23.1.1.2</span> AddEntriesFromIterable ( <var>target</var>, <var>iterable</var>, <var>adder</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-map-constructor" title="Properties of the Map Constructor"><span class="secnum">23.1.2</span> Properties of the Map Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype" title="Map.prototype"><span class="secnum">23.1.2.1</span> Map.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-map-@@species" title="get Map [ @@species ]"><span class="secnum">23.1.2.2</span> get Map [ @@species ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object" title="Properties of the Map Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">23.1.3</span> Properties of the Map Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype.clear" title="Map.prototype.clear ( )"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.1</span> Map.prototype.clear ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype.constructor" title="Map.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.2</span> Map.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype.delete" title="Map.prototype.delete ( key )"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.3</span> Map.prototype.delete ( <var>key</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype.entries" title="Map.prototype.entries ( )"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.4</span> Map.prototype.entries ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype.foreach" title="Map.prototype.forEach ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.5</span> Map.prototype.forEach ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype.get" title="Map.prototype.get ( key )"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.6</span> Map.prototype.get ( <var>key</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype.has" title="Map.prototype.has ( key )"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.7</span> Map.prototype.has ( <var>key</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype.keys" title="Map.prototype.keys ( )"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.8</span> Map.prototype.keys ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype.set" title="Map.prototype.set ( key, value )"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.9</span> Map.prototype.set ( <var>key</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-map.prototype.size" title="get Map.prototype.size"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.10</span> get Map.prototype.size</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype.values" title="Map.prototype.values ( )"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.11</span> Map.prototype.values ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype-@@iterator" title="Map.prototype [ @@iterator ] ( )"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.12</span> Map.prototype [ @@iterator ] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-map.prototype-@@tostringtag" title="Map.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">23.1.3.13</span> Map.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-map-instances" title="Properties of Map Instances"><span class="secnum">23.1.4</span> Properties of Map Instances</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-map-iterator-objects" title="Map Iterator Objects"><span class="secnum">23.1.5</span> Map Iterator Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createmapiterator" title="CreateMapIterator ( map, kind )"><span class="secnum">23.1.5.1</span> CreateMapIterator ( <var>map</var>, <var>kind</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-%mapiteratorprototype%-object" title="The %MapIteratorPrototype% Object"><span class="secnum">23.1.5.2</span> The %MapIteratorPrototype% Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%mapiteratorprototype%.next" title="%MapIteratorPrototype%.next ( )"><span class="secnum">23.1.5.2.1</span> %MapIteratorPrototype%.next ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%mapiteratorprototype%-@@tostringtag" title="%MapIteratorPrototype% [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">23.1.5.2.2</span> %MapIteratorPrototype% [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-map-iterator-instances" title="Properties of Map Iterator Instances"><span class="secnum">23.1.5.3</span> Properties of Map Iterator Instances</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-set-objects" title="Set Objects"><span class="secnum">23.2</span> Set Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-set-constructor" title="The Set Constructor"><span class="secnum">23.2.1</span> The Set Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set-iterable" title="Set ( [ iterable ] )"><span class="secnum">23.2.1.1</span> Set ( [ <var>iterable</var> ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-set-constructor" title="Properties of the Set Constructor"><span class="secnum">23.2.2</span> Properties of the Set Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype" title="Set.prototype"><span class="secnum">23.2.2.1</span> Set.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-set-@@species" title="get Set [ @@species ]"><span class="secnum">23.2.2.2</span> get Set [ @@species ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-set-prototype-object" title="Properties of the Set Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">23.2.3</span> Properties of the Set Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype.add" title="Set.prototype.add ( value )"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.1</span> Set.prototype.add ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype.clear" title="Set.prototype.clear ( )"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.2</span> Set.prototype.clear ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype.constructor" title="Set.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.3</span> Set.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype.delete" title="Set.prototype.delete ( value )"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.4</span> Set.prototype.delete ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype.entries" title="Set.prototype.entries ( )"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.5</span> Set.prototype.entries ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype.foreach" title="Set.prototype.forEach ( callbackfn [ , thisArg ] )"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.6</span> Set.prototype.forEach ( <var>callbackfn</var> [ , <var>thisArg</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype.has" title="Set.prototype.has ( value )"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.7</span> Set.prototype.has ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype.keys" title="Set.prototype.keys ( )"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.8</span> Set.prototype.keys ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-set.prototype.size" title="get Set.prototype.size"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.9</span> get Set.prototype.size</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype.values" title="Set.prototype.values ( )"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.10</span> Set.prototype.values ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype-@@iterator" title="Set.prototype [ @@iterator ] ( )"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.11</span> Set.prototype [ @@iterator ] ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set.prototype-@@tostringtag" title="Set.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">23.2.3.12</span> Set.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-set-instances" title="Properties of Set Instances"><span class="secnum">23.2.4</span> Properties of Set Instances</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-set-iterator-objects" title="Set Iterator Objects"><span class="secnum">23.2.5</span> Set Iterator Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createsetiterator" title="CreateSetIterator ( set, kind )"><span class="secnum">23.2.5.1</span> CreateSetIterator ( <var>set</var>, <var>kind</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-%setiteratorprototype%-object" title="The %SetIteratorPrototype% Object"><span class="secnum">23.2.5.2</span> The %SetIteratorPrototype% Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%setiteratorprototype%.next" title="%SetIteratorPrototype%.next ( )"><span class="secnum">23.2.5.2.1</span> %SetIteratorPrototype%.next ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%setiteratorprototype%-@@tostringtag" title="%SetIteratorPrototype% [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">23.2.5.2.2</span> %SetIteratorPrototype% [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-set-iterator-instances" title="Properties of Set Iterator Instances"><span class="secnum">23.2.5.3</span> Properties of Set Iterator Instances</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-weakmap-objects" title="WeakMap Objects"><span class="secnum">23.3</span> WeakMap Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-weakmap-constructor" title="The WeakMap Constructor"><span class="secnum">23.3.1</span> The WeakMap Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakmap-iterable" title="WeakMap ( [ iterable ] )"><span class="secnum">23.3.1.1</span> WeakMap ( [ <var>iterable</var> ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-weakmap-constructor" title="Properties of the WeakMap Constructor"><span class="secnum">23.3.2</span> Properties of the WeakMap Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakmap.prototype" title="WeakMap.prototype"><span class="secnum">23.3.2.1</span> WeakMap.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-weakmap-prototype-object" title="Properties of the WeakMap Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">23.3.3</span> Properties of the WeakMap Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakmap.prototype.constructor" title="WeakMap.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">23.3.3.1</span> WeakMap.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakmap.prototype.delete" title="WeakMap.prototype.delete ( key )"><span class="secnum">23.3.3.2</span> WeakMap.prototype.delete ( <var>key</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakmap.prototype.get" title="WeakMap.prototype.get ( key )"><span class="secnum">23.3.3.3</span> WeakMap.prototype.get ( <var>key</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakmap.prototype.has" title="WeakMap.prototype.has ( key )"><span class="secnum">23.3.3.4</span> WeakMap.prototype.has ( <var>key</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakmap.prototype.set" title="WeakMap.prototype.set ( key, value )"><span class="secnum">23.3.3.5</span> WeakMap.prototype.set ( <var>key</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakmap.prototype-@@tostringtag" title="WeakMap.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">23.3.3.6</span> WeakMap.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-weakmap-instances" title="Properties of WeakMap Instances"><span class="secnum">23.3.4</span> Properties of WeakMap Instances</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-weakset-objects" title="WeakSet Objects"><span class="secnum">23.4</span> WeakSet Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-weakset-constructor" title="The WeakSet Constructor"><span class="secnum">23.4.1</span> The WeakSet Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakset-iterable" title="WeakSet ( [ iterable ] )"><span class="secnum">23.4.1.1</span> WeakSet ( [ <var>iterable</var> ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-weakset-constructor" title="Properties of the WeakSet Constructor"><span class="secnum">23.4.2</span> Properties of the WeakSet Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakset.prototype" title="WeakSet.prototype"><span class="secnum">23.4.2.1</span> WeakSet.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-weakset-prototype-object" title="Properties of the WeakSet Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">23.4.3</span> Properties of the WeakSet Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakset.prototype.add" title="WeakSet.prototype.add ( value )"><span class="secnum">23.4.3.1</span> WeakSet.prototype.add ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakset.prototype.constructor" title="WeakSet.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">23.4.3.2</span> WeakSet.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakset.prototype.delete" title="WeakSet.prototype.delete ( value )"><span class="secnum">23.4.3.3</span> WeakSet.prototype.delete ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakset.prototype.has" title="WeakSet.prototype.has ( value )"><span class="secnum">23.4.3.4</span> WeakSet.prototype.has ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-weakset.prototype-@@tostringtag" title="WeakSet.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">23.4.3.5</span> WeakSet.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-weakset-instances" title="Properties of WeakSet Instances"><span class="secnum">23.4.4</span> Properties of WeakSet Instances</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-structured-data" title="Structured Data"><span class="secnum">24</span> Structured Data</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-arraybuffer-objects" title="ArrayBuffer Objects"><span class="secnum">24.1</span> ArrayBuffer Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations-for-arraybuffer-objects" title="Abstract Operations For ArrayBuffer Objects"><span class="secnum">24.1.1</span> Abstract Operations For ArrayBuffer Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-allocatearraybuffer" title="AllocateArrayBuffer ( constructor, byteLength )"><span class="secnum">24.1.1.1</span> AllocateArrayBuffer ( <var>constructor</var>, <var>byteLength</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-isdetachedbuffer" title="IsDetachedBuffer ( arrayBuffer )"><span class="secnum">24.1.1.2</span> IsDetachedBuffer ( <var>arrayBuffer</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-detacharraybuffer" title="DetachArrayBuffer ( arrayBuffer [ , key ] )"><span class="secnum">24.1.1.3</span> DetachArrayBuffer ( <var>arrayBuffer</var> [ , <var>key</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-clonearraybuffer" title="CloneArrayBuffer ( srcBuffer, srcByteOffset, srcLength, cloneConstructor )"><span class="secnum">24.1.1.4</span> CloneArrayBuffer ( <var>srcBuffer</var>, <var>srcByteOffset</var>, <var>srcLength</var>, <var>cloneConstructor</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-rawbytestonumber" title="RawBytesToNumber ( type, rawBytes, isLittleEndian )"><span class="secnum">24.1.1.5</span> RawBytesToNumber ( <var>type</var>, <var>rawBytes</var>, <var>isLittleEndian</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getvaluefrombuffer" title="GetValueFromBuffer ( arrayBuffer, byteIndex, type, isTypedArray, order [ , isLittleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.1.1.6</span> GetValueFromBuffer ( <var>arrayBuffer</var>, <var>byteIndex</var>, <var>type</var>, <var>isTypedArray</var>, <var>order</var> [ , <var>isLittleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-numbertorawbytes" title="NumberToRawBytes ( type, value, isLittleEndian )"><span class="secnum">24.1.1.7</span> NumberToRawBytes ( <var>type</var>, <var>value</var>, <var>isLittleEndian</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-setvalueinbuffer" title="SetValueInBuffer ( arrayBuffer, byteIndex, type, value, isTypedArray, order [ , isLittleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.1.1.8</span> SetValueInBuffer ( <var>arrayBuffer</var>, <var>byteIndex</var>, <var>type</var>, <var>value</var>, <var>isTypedArray</var>, <var>order</var> [ , <var>isLittleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getmodifysetvalueinbuffer" title="GetModifySetValueInBuffer ( arrayBuffer, byteIndex, type, value, op [ , isLittleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.1.1.9</span> GetModifySetValueInBuffer ( <var>arrayBuffer</var>, <var>byteIndex</var>, <var>type</var>, <var>value</var>, <var>op</var> [ , <var>isLittleEndian</var> ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-arraybuffer-constructor" title="The ArrayBuffer Constructor"><span class="secnum">24.1.2</span> The ArrayBuffer Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arraybuffer-length" title="ArrayBuffer ( length )"><span class="secnum">24.1.2.1</span> ArrayBuffer ( <var>length</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-arraybuffer-constructor" title="Properties of the ArrayBuffer Constructor"><span class="secnum">24.1.3</span> Properties of the ArrayBuffer Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arraybuffer.isview" title="ArrayBuffer.isView ( arg )"><span class="secnum">24.1.3.1</span> ArrayBuffer.isView ( <var>arg</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arraybuffer.prototype" title="ArrayBuffer.prototype"><span class="secnum">24.1.3.2</span> ArrayBuffer.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-arraybuffer-@@species" title="get ArrayBuffer [ @@species ]"><span class="secnum">24.1.3.3</span> get ArrayBuffer [ @@species ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-arraybuffer-prototype-object" title="Properties of the ArrayBuffer Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">24.1.4</span> Properties of the ArrayBuffer Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-arraybuffer.prototype.bytelength" title="get ArrayBuffer.prototype.byteLength"><span class="secnum">24.1.4.1</span> get ArrayBuffer.prototype.byteLength</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arraybuffer.prototype.constructor" title="ArrayBuffer.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">24.1.4.2</span> ArrayBuffer.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arraybuffer.prototype.slice" title="ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice ( start, end )"><span class="secnum">24.1.4.3</span> ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice ( <var>start</var>, <var>end</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-arraybuffer.prototype-@@tostringtag" title="ArrayBuffer.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">24.1.4.4</span> ArrayBuffer.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-arraybuffer-instances" title="Properties of ArrayBuffer Instances"><span class="secnum">24.1.5</span> Properties of ArrayBuffer Instances</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-objects" title="SharedArrayBuffer Objects"><span class="secnum">24.2</span> SharedArrayBuffer Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations-for-sharedarraybuffer-objects" title="Abstract Operations for SharedArrayBuffer Objects"><span class="secnum">24.2.1</span> Abstract Operations for SharedArrayBuffer Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-allocatesharedarraybuffer" title="AllocateSharedArrayBuffer ( constructor, byteLength )"><span class="secnum">24.2.1.1</span> AllocateSharedArrayBuffer ( <var>constructor</var>, <var>byteLength</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-issharedarraybuffer" title="IsSharedArrayBuffer ( obj )"><span class="secnum">24.2.1.2</span> IsSharedArrayBuffer ( <var>obj</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-constructor" title="The SharedArrayBuffer Constructor"><span class="secnum">24.2.2</span> The SharedArrayBuffer Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-length" title="SharedArrayBuffer ( [ length ] )"><span class="secnum">24.2.2.1</span> SharedArrayBuffer ( [ <var>length</var> ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-sharedarraybuffer-constructor" title="Properties of the SharedArrayBuffer Constructor"><span class="secnum">24.2.3</span> Properties of the SharedArrayBuffer Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer.prototype" title="SharedArrayBuffer.prototype"><span class="secnum">24.2.3.1</span> SharedArrayBuffer.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-@@species" title="get SharedArrayBuffer [ @@species ]"><span class="secnum">24.2.3.2</span> get SharedArrayBuffer [ @@species ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-sharedarraybuffer-prototype-object" title="Properties of the SharedArrayBuffer Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">24.2.4</span> Properties of the SharedArrayBuffer Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-sharedarraybuffer.prototype.bytelength" title="get SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.byteLength"><span class="secnum">24.2.4.1</span> get SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.byteLength</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer.prototype.constructor" title="SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">24.2.4.2</span> SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer.prototype.slice" title="SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.slice ( start, end )"><span class="secnum">24.2.4.3</span> SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.slice ( <var>start</var>, <var>end</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer.prototype.toString" title="SharedArrayBuffer.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">24.2.4.4</span> SharedArrayBuffer.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-sharedarraybuffer-instances" title="Properties of SharedArrayBuffer Instances"><span class="secnum">24.2.5</span> Properties of SharedArrayBuffer Instances</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-dataview-objects" title="DataView Objects"><span class="secnum">24.3</span> DataView Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations-for-dataview-objects" title="Abstract Operations For DataView Objects"><span class="secnum">24.3.1</span> Abstract Operations For DataView Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getviewvalue" title="GetViewValue ( view, requestIndex, isLittleEndian, type )"><span class="secnum">24.3.1.1</span> GetViewValue ( <var>view</var>, <var>requestIndex</var>, <var>isLittleEndian</var>, <var>type</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-setviewvalue" title="SetViewValue ( view, requestIndex, isLittleEndian, type, value )"><span class="secnum">24.3.1.2</span> SetViewValue ( <var>view</var>, <var>requestIndex</var>, <var>isLittleEndian</var>, <var>type</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-dataview-constructor" title="The DataView Constructor"><span class="secnum">24.3.2</span> The DataView Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview-buffer-byteoffset-bytelength" title="DataView ( buffer [ , byteOffset [ , byteLength ] ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.2.1</span> DataView ( <var>buffer</var> [ , <var>byteOffset</var> [ , <var>byteLength</var> ] ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-dataview-constructor" title="Properties of the DataView Constructor"><span class="secnum">24.3.3</span> Properties of the DataView Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype" title="DataView.prototype"><span class="secnum">24.3.3.1</span> DataView.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-dataview-prototype-object" title="Properties of the DataView Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">24.3.4</span> Properties of the DataView Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-dataview.prototype.buffer" title="get DataView.prototype.buffer"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.1</span> get DataView.prototype.buffer</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-dataview.prototype.bytelength" title="get DataView.prototype.byteLength"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.2</span> get DataView.prototype.byteLength</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-dataview.prototype.byteoffset" title="get DataView.prototype.byteOffset"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.3</span> get DataView.prototype.byteOffset</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.constructor" title="DataView.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.4</span> DataView.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.getfloat32" title="DataView.prototype.getFloat32 ( byteOffset [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.5</span> DataView.prototype.getFloat32 ( <var>byteOffset</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.getfloat64" title="DataView.prototype.getFloat64 ( byteOffset [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.6</span> DataView.prototype.getFloat64 ( <var>byteOffset</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.getint8" title="DataView.prototype.getInt8 ( byteOffset )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.7</span> DataView.prototype.getInt8 ( <var>byteOffset</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.getint16" title="DataView.prototype.getInt16 ( byteOffset [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.8</span> DataView.prototype.getInt16 ( <var>byteOffset</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.getint32" title="DataView.prototype.getInt32 ( byteOffset [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.9</span> DataView.prototype.getInt32 ( <var>byteOffset</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.getuint8" title="DataView.prototype.getUint8 ( byteOffset )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.10</span> DataView.prototype.getUint8 ( <var>byteOffset</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.getuint16" title="DataView.prototype.getUint16 ( byteOffset [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.11</span> DataView.prototype.getUint16 ( <var>byteOffset</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.getuint32" title="DataView.prototype.getUint32 ( byteOffset [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.12</span> DataView.prototype.getUint32 ( <var>byteOffset</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.setfloat32" title="DataView.prototype.setFloat32 ( byteOffset, value [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.13</span> DataView.prototype.setFloat32 ( <var>byteOffset</var>, <var>value</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.setfloat64" title="DataView.prototype.setFloat64 ( byteOffset, value [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.14</span> DataView.prototype.setFloat64 ( <var>byteOffset</var>, <var>value</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.setint8" title="DataView.prototype.setInt8 ( byteOffset, value )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.15</span> DataView.prototype.setInt8 ( <var>byteOffset</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.setint16" title="DataView.prototype.setInt16 ( byteOffset, value [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.16</span> DataView.prototype.setInt16 ( <var>byteOffset</var>, <var>value</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.setint32" title="DataView.prototype.setInt32 ( byteOffset, value [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.17</span> DataView.prototype.setInt32 ( <var>byteOffset</var>, <var>value</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.setuint8" title="DataView.prototype.setUint8 ( byteOffset, value )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.18</span> DataView.prototype.setUint8 ( <var>byteOffset</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.setuint16" title="DataView.prototype.setUint16 ( byteOffset, value [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.19</span> DataView.prototype.setUint16 ( <var>byteOffset</var>, <var>value</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype.setuint32" title="DataView.prototype.setUint32 ( byteOffset, value [ , littleEndian ] )"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.20</span> DataView.prototype.setUint32 ( <var>byteOffset</var>, <var>value</var> [ , <var>littleEndian</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-dataview.prototype-@@tostringtag" title="DataView.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">24.3.4.21</span> DataView.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-dataview-instances" title="Properties of DataView Instances"><span class="secnum">24.3.5</span> Properties of DataView Instances</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-atomics-object" title="The Atomics Object"><span class="secnum">24.4</span> The Atomics Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations-for-atomics" title="Abstract Operations for Atomics"><span class="secnum">24.4.1</span> Abstract Operations for Atomics</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-validatesharedintegertypedarray" title="ValidateSharedIntegerTypedArray ( typedArray [ , onlyInt32 ] )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.1</span> ValidateSharedIntegerTypedArray ( <var>typedArray</var> [ , <var>onlyInt32</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-validateatomicaccess" title="ValidateAtomicAccess ( typedArray, requestIndex )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.2</span> ValidateAtomicAccess ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>requestIndex</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getwaiterlist" title="GetWaiterList ( block, i )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.3</span> GetWaiterList ( <var>block</var>, <var>i</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-entercriticalsection" title="EnterCriticalSection ( WL )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.4</span> EnterCriticalSection ( <var>WL</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-leavecriticalsection" title="LeaveCriticalSection ( WL )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.5</span> LeaveCriticalSection ( <var>WL</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-addwaiter" title="AddWaiter ( WL, W )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.6</span> AddWaiter ( <var>WL</var>, <var>W</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-removewaiter" title="RemoveWaiter ( WL, W )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.7</span> RemoveWaiter ( <var>WL</var>, <var>W</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-removewaiters" title="RemoveWaiters ( WL, c )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.8</span> RemoveWaiters ( <var>WL</var>, <var>c</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-suspend" title="Suspend ( WL, W, timeout )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.9</span> Suspend ( <var>WL</var>, <var>W</var>, <var>timeout</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-notifywaiter" title="NotifyWaiter ( WL, W )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.10</span> NotifyWaiter ( <var>WL</var>, <var>W</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomicreadmodifywrite" title="AtomicReadModifyWrite ( typedArray, index, value, op )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.11</span> AtomicReadModifyWrite ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>value</var>, <var>op</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomicload" title="AtomicLoad ( typedArray, index )"><span class="secnum">24.4.1.12</span> AtomicLoad ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.add" title="Atomics.add ( typedArray, index, value )"><span class="secnum">24.4.2</span> Atomics.add ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.and" title="Atomics.and ( typedArray, index, value )"><span class="secnum">24.4.3</span> Atomics.and ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.compareexchange" title="Atomics.compareExchange ( typedArray, index, expectedValue, replacementValue )"><span class="secnum">24.4.4</span> Atomics.compareExchange ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>expectedValue</var>, <var>replacementValue</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.exchange" title="Atomics.exchange ( typedArray, index, value )"><span class="secnum">24.4.5</span> Atomics.exchange ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.islockfree" title="Atomics.isLockFree ( size )"><span class="secnum">24.4.6</span> Atomics.isLockFree ( <var>size</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.load" title="Atomics.load ( typedArray, index )"><span class="secnum">24.4.7</span> Atomics.load ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.or" title="Atomics.or ( typedArray, index, value )"><span class="secnum">24.4.8</span> Atomics.or ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.store" title="Atomics.store ( typedArray, index, value )"><span class="secnum">24.4.9</span> Atomics.store ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.sub" title="Atomics.sub ( typedArray, index, value )"><span class="secnum">24.4.10</span> Atomics.sub ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.wait" title="Atomics.wait ( typedArray, index, value, timeout )"><span class="secnum">24.4.11</span> Atomics.wait ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>value</var>, <var>timeout</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.notify" title="Atomics.notify ( typedArray, index, count )"><span class="secnum">24.4.12</span> Atomics.notify ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>count</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics.xor" title="Atomics.xor ( typedArray, index, value )"><span class="secnum">24.4.13</span> Atomics.xor ( <var>typedArray</var>, <var>index</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-atomics-@@tostringtag" title="Atomics [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">24.4.14</span> Atomics [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-json-object" title="The JSON Object"><span class="secnum">24.5</span> The JSON Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-json.parse" title="JSON.parse ( text [ , reviver ] )"><span class="secnum">24.5.1</span> JSON.parse ( <var>text</var> [ , <var>reviver</var> ] )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-internalizejsonproperty" title="Runtime Semantics: InternalizeJSONProperty ( holder, name )"><span class="secnum">24.5.1.1</span> RS: InternalizeJSONProperty ( <var>holder</var>, <var>name</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-json.stringify" title="JSON.stringify ( value [ , replacer [ , space ] ] )"><span class="secnum">24.5.2</span> JSON.stringify ( <var>value</var> [ , <var>replacer</var> [ , <var>space</var> ] ] )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-serializejsonproperty" title="Runtime Semantics: SerializeJSONProperty ( key, holder )"><span class="secnum">24.5.2.1</span> RS: SerializeJSONProperty ( <var>key</var>, <var>holder</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-quotejsonstring" title="Runtime Semantics: QuoteJSONString ( value )"><span class="secnum">24.5.2.2</span> RS: QuoteJSONString ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-unicodeescape" title="Runtime Semantics: UnicodeEscape ( C )"><span class="secnum">24.5.2.3</span> RS: UnicodeEscape ( <var>C</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-serializejsonobject" title="Runtime Semantics: SerializeJSONObject ( value )"><span class="secnum">24.5.2.4</span> RS: SerializeJSONObject ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-serializejsonarray" title="Runtime Semantics: SerializeJSONArray ( value )"><span class="secnum">24.5.2.5</span> RS: SerializeJSONArray ( <var>value</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-json-@@tostringtag" title="JSON [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">24.5.3</span> JSON [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-control-abstraction-objects" title="Control Abstraction Objects"><span class="secnum">25</span> Control Abstraction Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-iteration" title="Iteration"><span class="secnum">25.1</span> Iteration</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-common-iteration-interfaces" title="Common Iteration Interfaces"><span class="secnum">25.1.1</span> Common Iteration Interfaces</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-iterable-interface" title="The Iterable Interface"><span class="secnum">25.1.1.1</span> The <i>Iterable</i> Interface</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-iterator-interface" title="The Iterator Interface"><span class="secnum">25.1.1.2</span> The <i>Iterator</i> Interface</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asynciterable-interface" title="The AsyncIterable Interface"><span class="secnum">25.1.1.3</span> The <i>AsyncIterable</i> Interface</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asynciterator-interface" title="The AsyncIterator Interface"><span class="secnum">25.1.1.4</span> The <i>AsyncIterator</i> Interface</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-iteratorresult-interface" title="The IteratorResult Interface"><span class="secnum">25.1.1.5</span> The IteratorResult Interface</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-%iteratorprototype%-object" title="The %IteratorPrototype% Object"><span class="secnum">25.1.2</span> The %IteratorPrototype% Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%iteratorprototype%-@@iterator" title="%IteratorPrototype% [ @@iterator ] ( )"><span class="secnum">25.1.2.1</span> %IteratorPrototype% [ @@iterator ] ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-asynciteratorprototype" title="The %AsyncIteratorPrototype% Object"><span class="secnum">25.1.3</span> The %AsyncIteratorPrototype% Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asynciteratorprototype-asynciterator" title="%AsyncIteratorPrototype% [ @@asyncIterator ] ( )"><span class="secnum">25.1.3.1</span> %AsyncIteratorPrototype% [ @@asyncIterator ] ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-async-from-sync-iterator-objects" title="Async-from-Sync Iterator Objects"><span class="secnum">25.1.4</span> Async-from-Sync Iterator Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createasyncfromsynciterator" title="CreateAsyncFromSyncIterator ( syncIteratorRecord )"><span class="secnum">25.1.4.1</span> CreateAsyncFromSyncIterator ( <var>syncIteratorRecord</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-%asyncfromsynciteratorprototype%-object" title="The %AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype% Object"><span class="secnum">25.1.4.2</span> The %AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype% Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%asyncfromsynciteratorprototype%.next" title="%AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype%.next ( value )"><span class="secnum">25.1.4.2.1</span> %AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype%.next ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%asyncfromsynciteratorprototype%.return" title="%AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype%.return ( value )"><span class="secnum">25.1.4.2.2</span> %AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype%.return ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%asyncfromsynciteratorprototype%.throw" title="%AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype%.throw ( value )"><span class="secnum">25.1.4.2.3</span> %AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype%.throw ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-%asyncfromsynciteratorprototype%-@@tostringtag" title="%AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype% [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">25.1.4.2.4</span> %AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype% [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-from-sync-iterator-value-unwrap-functions" title="Async-from-Sync Iterator Value Unwrap Functions"><span class="secnum">25.1.4.2.5</span> Async-from-Sync Iterator Value Unwrap Functions</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-async-from-sync-iterator-instances" title="Properties of Async-from-Sync Iterator Instances"><span class="secnum">25.1.4.3</span> Properties of Async-from-Sync Iterator Instances</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncfromsynciteratorcontinuation" title="AsyncFromSyncIteratorContinuation ( result, promiseCapability )"><span class="secnum">25.1.4.4</span> AsyncFromSyncIteratorContinuation ( <var>result</var>, <var>promiseCapability</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction-objects" title="GeneratorFunction Objects"><span class="secnum">25.2</span> GeneratorFunction Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction-constructor" title="The GeneratorFunction Constructor"><span class="secnum">25.2.1</span> The GeneratorFunction Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction" title="GeneratorFunction ( p1, p2, … , pn, body )"><span class="secnum">25.2.1.1</span> GeneratorFunction ( <var>p1</var>, <var>p2</var>, … , <var>pn</var>, <var>body</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-generatorfunction-constructor" title="Properties of the GeneratorFunction Constructor"><span class="secnum">25.2.2</span> Properties of the GeneratorFunction Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction.length" title="GeneratorFunction.length"><span class="secnum">25.2.2.1</span> GeneratorFunction.length</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction.prototype" title="GeneratorFunction.prototype"><span class="secnum">25.2.2.2</span> GeneratorFunction.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-generatorfunction-prototype-object" title="Properties of the GeneratorFunction Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">25.2.3</span> Properties of the GeneratorFunction Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction.prototype.constructor" title="GeneratorFunction.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">25.2.3.1</span> GeneratorFunction.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction.prototype.prototype" title="GeneratorFunction.prototype.prototype"><span class="secnum">25.2.3.2</span> GeneratorFunction.prototype.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction.prototype-@@tostringtag" title="GeneratorFunction.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">25.2.3.3</span> GeneratorFunction.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction-instances" title="GeneratorFunction Instances"><span class="secnum">25.2.4</span> GeneratorFunction Instances</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction-instances-length" title="length"><span class="secnum">25.2.4.1</span> length</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction-instances-name" title="name"><span class="secnum">25.2.4.2</span> name</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorfunction-instances-prototype" title="prototype"><span class="secnum">25.2.4.3</span> prototype</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-objects" title="AsyncGeneratorFunction Objects"><span class="secnum">25.3</span> AsyncGeneratorFunction Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-constructor" title="The AsyncGeneratorFunction Constructor"><span class="secnum">25.3.1</span> The AsyncGeneratorFunction Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction" title="AsyncGeneratorFunction ( p1, p2, ..., pn, body )"><span class="secnum">25.3.1.1</span> AsyncGeneratorFunction ( <var>p1</var>, <var>p2</var>, ..., <var>pn</var>, <var>body</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-asyncgeneratorfunction" title="Properties of the AsyncGeneratorFunction Constructor"><span class="secnum">25.3.2</span> Properties of the AsyncGeneratorFunction Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-length" title="AsyncGeneratorFunction.length"><span class="secnum">25.3.2.1</span> AsyncGeneratorFunction.length</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-prototype" title="AsyncGeneratorFunction.prototype"><span class="secnum">25.3.2.2</span> AsyncGeneratorFunction.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-asyncgeneratorfunction-prototype" title="Properties of the AsyncGeneratorFunction Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">25.3.3</span> Properties of the AsyncGeneratorFunction Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-prototype-constructor" title="AsyncGeneratorFunction.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">25.3.3.1</span> AsyncGeneratorFunction.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-prototype-prototype" title="AsyncGeneratorFunction.prototype.prototype"><span class="secnum">25.3.3.2</span> AsyncGeneratorFunction.prototype.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-prototype-tostringtag" title="AsyncGeneratorFunction.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">25.3.3.3</span> AsyncGeneratorFunction.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-instances" title="AsyncGeneratorFunction Instances"><span class="secnum">25.3.4</span> AsyncGeneratorFunction Instances</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-instance-length" title="length"><span class="secnum">25.3.4.1</span> length</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-instance-name" title="name"><span class="secnum">25.3.4.2</span> name</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-instance-prototype" title="prototype"><span class="secnum">25.3.4.3</span> prototype</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-generator-objects" title="Generator Objects"><span class="secnum">25.4</span> Generator Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-generator-prototype" title="Properties of the Generator Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">25.4.1</span> Properties of the Generator Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator.prototype.constructor" title="Generator.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">25.4.1.1</span> Generator.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator.prototype.next" title="Generator.prototype.next ( value )"><span class="secnum">25.4.1.2</span> Generator.prototype.next ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator.prototype.return" title="Generator.prototype.return ( value )"><span class="secnum">25.4.1.3</span> Generator.prototype.return ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator.prototype.throw" title="Generator.prototype.throw ( exception )"><span class="secnum">25.4.1.4</span> Generator.prototype.throw ( <var>exception</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generator.prototype-@@tostringtag" title="Generator.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">25.4.1.5</span> Generator.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-generator-instances" title="Properties of Generator Instances"><span class="secnum">25.4.2</span> Properties of Generator Instances</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-generator-abstract-operations" title="Generator Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">25.4.3</span> Generator Abstract Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorstart" title="GeneratorStart ( generator, generatorBody )"><span class="secnum">25.4.3.1</span> GeneratorStart ( <var>generator</var>, <var>generatorBody</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorvalidate" title="GeneratorValidate ( generator )"><span class="secnum">25.4.3.2</span> GeneratorValidate ( <var>generator</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorresume" title="GeneratorResume ( generator, value )"><span class="secnum">25.4.3.3</span> GeneratorResume ( <var>generator</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatorresumeabrupt" title="GeneratorResumeAbrupt ( generator, abruptCompletion )"><span class="secnum">25.4.3.4</span> GeneratorResumeAbrupt ( <var>generator</var>, <var>abruptCompletion</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getgeneratorkind" title="GetGeneratorKind ( )"><span class="secnum">25.4.3.5</span> GetGeneratorKind ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-generatoryield" title="GeneratorYield ( iterNextObj )"><span class="secnum">25.4.3.6</span> GeneratorYield ( <var>iterNextObj</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-objects" title="AsyncGenerator Objects"><span class="secnum">25.5</span> AsyncGenerator Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-asyncgenerator-prototype" title="Properties of the AsyncGenerator Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">25.5.1</span> Properties of the AsyncGenerator Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-prototype-constructor" title="AsyncGenerator.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">25.5.1.1</span> AsyncGenerator.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-prototype-next" title="AsyncGenerator.prototype.next ( value )"><span class="secnum">25.5.1.2</span> AsyncGenerator.prototype.next ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-prototype-return" title="AsyncGenerator.prototype.return ( value )"><span class="secnum">25.5.1.3</span> AsyncGenerator.prototype.return ( <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-prototype-throw" title="AsyncGenerator.prototype.throw ( exception )"><span class="secnum">25.5.1.4</span> AsyncGenerator.prototype.throw ( <var>exception</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-prototype-tostringtag" title="AsyncGenerator.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">25.5.1.5</span> AsyncGenerator.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-asyncgenerator-intances" title="Properties of AsyncGenerator Instances"><span class="secnum">25.5.2</span> Properties of AsyncGenerator Instances</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-asyncgenerator-abstract-operations" title="AsyncGenerator Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">25.5.3</span> AsyncGenerator Abstract Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorrequest-records" title="AsyncGeneratorRequest Records"><span class="secnum">25.5.3.1</span> AsyncGeneratorRequest Records</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorstart" title="AsyncGeneratorStart ( generator, generatorBody )"><span class="secnum">25.5.3.2</span> AsyncGeneratorStart ( <var>generator</var>, <var>generatorBody</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorresolve" title="AsyncGeneratorResolve ( generator, value, done )"><span class="secnum">25.5.3.3</span> AsyncGeneratorResolve ( <var>generator</var>, <var>value</var>, <var>done</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorreject" title="AsyncGeneratorReject ( generator, exception )"><span class="secnum">25.5.3.4</span> AsyncGeneratorReject ( <var>generator</var>, <var>exception</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorresumenext" title="AsyncGeneratorResumeNext ( generator )"><span class="secnum">25.5.3.5</span> AsyncGeneratorResumeNext ( <var>generator</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#async-generator-resume-next-return-processor-fulfilled" title="AsyncGeneratorResumeNext Return Processor Fulfilled Functions"><span class="secnum">25.5.3.5.1</span> AsyncGeneratorResumeNext Return Processor Fulfilled Functions</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#async-generator-resume-next-return-processor-rejected" title="AsyncGeneratorResumeNext Return Processor Rejected Functions"><span class="secnum">25.5.3.5.2</span> AsyncGeneratorResumeNext Return Processor Rejected Functions</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorenqueue" title="AsyncGeneratorEnqueue ( generator, completion )"><span class="secnum">25.5.3.6</span> AsyncGeneratorEnqueue ( <var>generator</var>, <var>completion</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratoryield" title="AsyncGeneratorYield ( value )"><span class="secnum">25.5.3.7</span> AsyncGeneratorYield ( <var>value</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-promise-objects" title="Promise Objects"><span class="secnum">25.6</span> Promise Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-promise-abstract-operations" title="Promise Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">25.6.1</span> Promise Abstract Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-promisecapability-records" title="PromiseCapability Records"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.1</span> PromiseCapability Records</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ifabruptrejectpromise" title="IfAbruptRejectPromise ( value, capability )"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.1.1</span> IfAbruptRejectPromise ( <var>value</var>, <var>capability</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promisereaction-records" title="PromiseReaction Records"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.2</span> PromiseReaction Records</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-createresolvingfunctions" title="CreateResolvingFunctions ( promise )"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.3</span> CreateResolvingFunctions ( <var>promise</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promise-reject-functions" title="Promise Reject Functions"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.3.1</span> Promise Reject Functions</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promise-resolve-functions" title="Promise Resolve Functions"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.3.2</span> Promise Resolve Functions</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-fulfillpromise" title="FulfillPromise ( promise, value )"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.4</span> FulfillPromise ( <var>promise</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-newpromisecapability" title="NewPromiseCapability ( C )"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.5</span> NewPromiseCapability ( <var>C</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getcapabilitiesexecutor-functions" title="GetCapabilitiesExecutor Functions"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.5.1</span> GetCapabilitiesExecutor Functions</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-ispromise" title="IsPromise ( x )"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.6</span> IsPromise ( <var>x</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-rejectpromise" title="RejectPromise ( promise, reason )"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.7</span> RejectPromise ( <var>promise</var>, <var>reason</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-triggerpromisereactions" title="TriggerPromiseReactions ( reactions, argument )"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.8</span> TriggerPromiseReactions ( <var>reactions</var>, <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-host-promise-rejection-tracker" title="HostPromiseRejectionTracker ( promise, operation )"><span class="secnum">25.6.1.9</span> HostPromiseRejectionTracker ( <var>promise</var>, <var>operation</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-promise-jobs" title="Promise Jobs"><span class="secnum">25.6.2</span> Promise Jobs</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promisereactionjob" title="PromiseReactionJob ( reaction, argument )"><span class="secnum">25.6.2.1</span> PromiseReactionJob ( <var>reaction</var>, <var>argument</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promiseresolvethenablejob" title="PromiseResolveThenableJob ( promiseToResolve, thenable, then )"><span class="secnum">25.6.2.2</span> PromiseResolveThenableJob ( <var>promiseToResolve</var>, <var>thenable</var>, <var>then</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-promise-constructor" title="The Promise Constructor"><span class="secnum">25.6.3</span> The Promise Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promise-executor" title="Promise ( executor )"><span class="secnum">25.6.3.1</span> Promise ( <var>executor</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-promise-constructor" title="Properties of the Promise Constructor"><span class="secnum">25.6.4</span> Properties of the Promise Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-promise.all" title="Promise.all ( iterable )"><span class="secnum">25.6.4.1</span> Promise.all ( <var>iterable</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-performpromiseall" title="Runtime Semantics: PerformPromiseAll ( iteratorRecord, constructor, resultCapability )"><span class="secnum">25.6.4.1.1</span> RS: PerformPromiseAll ( <var>iteratorRecord</var>, <var>constructor</var>, <var>resultCapability</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promise.all-resolve-element-functions" title="Promise.all Resolve Element Functions"><span class="secnum">25.6.4.1.2</span> <code>Promise.all</code> Resolve Element Functions</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promise.prototype" title="Promise.prototype"><span class="secnum">25.6.4.2</span> Promise.prototype</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-promise.race" title="Promise.race ( iterable )"><span class="secnum">25.6.4.3</span> Promise.race ( <var>iterable</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-performpromiserace" title="Runtime Semantics: PerformPromiseRace ( iteratorRecord, constructor, resultCapability )"><span class="secnum">25.6.4.3.1</span> RS: PerformPromiseRace ( <var>iteratorRecord</var>, <var>constructor</var>, <var>resultCapability</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promise.reject" title="Promise.reject ( r )"><span class="secnum">25.6.4.4</span> Promise.reject ( <var>r</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-promise.resolve" title="Promise.resolve ( x )"><span class="secnum">25.6.4.5</span> Promise.resolve ( <var>x</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promise-resolve" title="PromiseResolve ( C, x )"><span class="secnum">25.6.4.5.1</span> PromiseResolve ( <var>C</var>, <var>x</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-promise-@@species" title="get Promise [ @@species ]"><span class="secnum">25.6.4.6</span> get Promise [ @@species ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-promise-prototype-object" title="Properties of the Promise Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">25.6.5</span> Properties of the Promise Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promise.prototype.catch" title="Promise.prototype.catch ( onRejected )"><span class="secnum">25.6.5.1</span> Promise.prototype.catch ( <var>onRejected</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promise.prototype.constructor" title="Promise.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">25.6.5.2</span> Promise.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-promise.prototype.finally" title="Promise.prototype.finally ( onFinally )"><span class="secnum">25.6.5.3</span> Promise.prototype.finally ( <var>onFinally</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-thenfinallyfunctions" title="Then Finally Functions"><span class="secnum">25.6.5.3.1</span> Then Finally Functions</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-catchfinallyfunctions" title="Catch Finally Functions"><span class="secnum">25.6.5.3.2</span> Catch Finally Functions</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-promise.prototype.then" title="Promise.prototype.then ( onFulfilled, onRejected )"><span class="secnum">25.6.5.4</span> Promise.prototype.then ( <var>onFulfilled</var>, <var>onRejected</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-performpromisethen" title="PerformPromiseThen ( promise, onFulfilled, onRejected [ , resultCapability ] )"><span class="secnum">25.6.5.4.1</span> PerformPromiseThen ( <var>promise</var>, <var>onFulfilled</var>, <var>onRejected</var> [ , <var>resultCapability</var> ] )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-promise.prototype-@@tostringtag" title="Promise.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">25.6.5.5</span> Promise.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-properties-of-promise-instances" title="Properties of Promise Instances"><span class="secnum">25.6.6</span> Properties of Promise Instances</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-async-function-objects" title="AsyncFunction Objects"><span class="secnum">25.7</span> AsyncFunction Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-async-function-constructor" title="The AsyncFunction Constructor"><span class="secnum">25.7.1</span> The AsyncFunction Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-constructor-arguments" title="AsyncFunction ( p1, p2, … , pn, body )"><span class="secnum">25.7.1.1</span> AsyncFunction ( <var>p1</var>, <var>p2</var>, … , <var>pn</var>, <var>body</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-async-function-constructor-properties" title="Properties of the AsyncFunction Constructor"><span class="secnum">25.7.2</span> Properties of the AsyncFunction Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-constructor-length" title="AsyncFunction.length"><span class="secnum">25.7.2.1</span> AsyncFunction.length</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-constructor-prototype" title="AsyncFunction.prototype"><span class="secnum">25.7.2.2</span> AsyncFunction.prototype</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-async-function-prototype-properties" title="Properties of the AsyncFunction Prototype Object"><span class="secnum">25.7.3</span> Properties of the AsyncFunction Prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-prototype-properties-constructor" title="AsyncFunction.prototype.constructor"><span class="secnum">25.7.3.1</span> AsyncFunction.prototype.constructor</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-prototype-properties-toStringTag" title="AsyncFunction.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]"><span class="secnum">25.7.3.2</span> AsyncFunction.prototype [ @@toStringTag ]</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-async-function-instances" title="AsyncFunction Instances"><span class="secnum">25.7.4</span> AsyncFunction Instances</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-instances-length" title="length"><span class="secnum">25.7.4.1</span> length</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-function-instances-name" title="name"><span class="secnum">25.7.4.2</span> name</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-async-functions-abstract-operations" title="Async Functions Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">25.7.5</span> Async Functions Abstract Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-async-functions-abstract-operations-async-function-start" title="AsyncFunctionStart ( promiseCapability, asyncFunctionBody )"><span class="secnum">25.7.5.1</span> AsyncFunctionStart ( <var>promiseCapability</var>, <var>asyncFunctionBody</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-reflection" title="Reflection"><span class="secnum">26</span> Reflection</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-reflect-object" title="The Reflect Object"><span class="secnum">26.1</span> The Reflect Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.apply" title="Reflect.apply ( target, thisArgument, argumentsList )"><span class="secnum">26.1.1</span> Reflect.apply ( <var>target</var>, <var>thisArgument</var>, <var>argumentsList</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.construct" title="Reflect.construct ( target, argumentsList [ , newTarget ] )"><span class="secnum">26.1.2</span> Reflect.construct ( <var>target</var>, <var>argumentsList</var> [ , <var>newTarget</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.defineproperty" title="Reflect.defineProperty ( target, propertyKey, attributes )"><span class="secnum">26.1.3</span> Reflect.defineProperty ( <var>target</var>, <var>propertyKey</var>, <var>attributes</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.deleteproperty" title="Reflect.deleteProperty ( target, propertyKey )"><span class="secnum">26.1.4</span> Reflect.deleteProperty ( <var>target</var>, <var>propertyKey</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.get" title="Reflect.get ( target, propertyKey [ , receiver ] )"><span class="secnum">26.1.5</span> Reflect.get ( <var>target</var>, <var>propertyKey</var> [ , <var>receiver</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.getownpropertydescriptor" title="Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor ( target, propertyKey )"><span class="secnum">26.1.6</span> Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor ( <var>target</var>, <var>propertyKey</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.getprototypeof" title="Reflect.getPrototypeOf ( target )"><span class="secnum">26.1.7</span> Reflect.getPrototypeOf ( <var>target</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.has" title="Reflect.has ( target, propertyKey )"><span class="secnum">26.1.8</span> Reflect.has ( <var>target</var>, <var>propertyKey</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.isextensible" title="Reflect.isExtensible ( target )"><span class="secnum">26.1.9</span> Reflect.isExtensible ( <var>target</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.ownkeys" title="Reflect.ownKeys ( target )"><span class="secnum">26.1.10</span> Reflect.ownKeys ( <var>target</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.preventextensions" title="Reflect.preventExtensions ( target )"><span class="secnum">26.1.11</span> Reflect.preventExtensions ( <var>target</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.set" title="Reflect.set ( target, propertyKey, V [ , receiver ] )"><span class="secnum">26.1.12</span> Reflect.set ( <var>target</var>, <var>propertyKey</var>, <var>V</var> [ , <var>receiver</var> ] )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reflect.setprototypeof" title="Reflect.setPrototypeOf ( target, proto )"><span class="secnum">26.1.13</span> Reflect.setPrototypeOf ( <var>target</var>, <var>proto</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-proxy-objects" title="Proxy Objects"><span class="secnum">26.2</span> Proxy Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-proxy-constructor" title="The Proxy Constructor"><span class="secnum">26.2.1</span> The Proxy Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-target-handler" title="Proxy ( target, handler )"><span class="secnum">26.2.1.1</span> Proxy ( <var>target</var>, <var>handler</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-proxy-constructor" title="Properties of the Proxy Constructor"><span class="secnum">26.2.2</span> Properties of the Proxy Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-proxy.revocable" title="Proxy.revocable ( target, handler )"><span class="secnum">26.2.2.1</span> Proxy.revocable ( <var>target</var>, <var>handler</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-proxy-revocation-functions" title="Proxy Revocation Functions"><span class="secnum">26.2.2.1.1</span> Proxy Revocation Functions</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-module-namespace-objects" title="Module Namespace Objects"><span class="secnum">26.3</span> Module Namespace Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-@@tostringtag" title="@@toStringTag"><span class="secnum">26.3.1</span> @@toStringTag</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-memory-model" title="Memory Model"><span class="secnum">27</span> Memory Model</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-memory-model-fundamentals" title="Memory Model Fundamentals"><span class="secnum">27.1</span> Memory Model Fundamentals</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-agent-event-records" title="Agent Events Records"><span class="secnum">27.2</span> Agent Events Records</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-chosen-value-records" title="Chosen Value Records"><span class="secnum">27.3</span> Chosen Value Records</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-candidate-executions" title="Candidate Executions"><span class="secnum">27.4</span> Candidate Executions</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations-for-the-memory-model" title="Abstract Operations for the Memory Model"><span class="secnum">27.5</span> Abstract Operations for the Memory Model</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-event-set" title="EventSet ( execution )"><span class="secnum">27.5.1</span> EventSet ( <var>execution</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-sharedatablockeventset" title="SharedDataBlockEventSet ( execution )"><span class="secnum">27.5.2</span> SharedDataBlockEventSet ( <var>execution</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-synchronizeeventset" title="SynchronizeEventSet ( execution )"><span class="secnum">27.5.3</span> SynchronizeEventSet ( <var>execution</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-hosteventset" title="HostEventSet ( execution )"><span class="secnum">27.5.4</span> HostEventSet ( <var>execution</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-composewriteeventbytes" title="ComposeWriteEventBytes ( execution, byteIndex, Ws )"><span class="secnum">27.5.5</span> ComposeWriteEventBytes ( <var>execution</var>, <var>byteIndex</var>, <var>Ws</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-valueofreadevent" title="ValueOfReadEvent ( execution, R )"><span class="secnum">27.5.6</span> ValueOfReadEvent ( <var>execution</var>, <var>R</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-relations-of-candidate-executions" title="Relations of Candidate Executions"><span class="secnum">27.6</span> Relations of Candidate Executions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-agent-order" title="agent-order"><span class="secnum">27.6.1</span> agent-order</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reads-bytes-from" title="reads-bytes-from"><span class="secnum">27.6.2</span> reads-bytes-from</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-reads-from" title="reads-from"><span class="secnum">27.6.3</span> reads-from</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-host-synchronizes-with" title="host-synchronizes-with"><span class="secnum">27.6.4</span> host-synchronizes-with</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-synchronizes-with" title="synchronizes-with"><span class="secnum">27.6.5</span> synchronizes-with</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-happens-before" title="happens-before"><span class="secnum">27.6.6</span> happens-before</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-properties-of-valid-executions" title="Properties of Valid Executions"><span class="secnum">27.7</span> Properties of Valid Executions</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-valid-chosen-reads" title="Valid Chosen Reads"><span class="secnum">27.7.1</span> Valid Chosen Reads</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-coherent-reads" title="Coherent Reads"><span class="secnum">27.7.2</span> Coherent Reads</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-tear-free-aligned-reads" title="Tear Free Reads"><span class="secnum">27.7.3</span> Tear Free Reads</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-memory-order" title="Sequentially Consistent Atomics"><span class="secnum">27.7.4</span> Sequentially Consistent Atomics</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-valid-executions" title="Valid Executions"><span class="secnum">27.7.5</span> Valid Executions</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-races" title="Races"><span class="secnum">27.8</span> Races</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-data-races" title="Data Races"><span class="secnum">27.9</span> Data Races</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-data-race-freedom" title="Data Race Freedom"><span class="secnum">27.10</span> Data Race Freedom</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-shared-memory-guidelines" title="Shared Memory Guidelines"><span class="secnum">27.11</span> Shared Memory Guidelines</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-grammar-summary" title="Grammar Summary"><span class="secnum">A</span> Grammar Summary</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-lexical-grammar" title="Lexical Grammar"><span class="secnum">A.1</span> Lexical Grammar</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-expressions" title="Expressions"><span class="secnum">A.2</span> Expressions</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-statements" title="Statements"><span class="secnum">A.3</span> Statements</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-functions-and-classes" title="Functions and Classes"><span class="secnum">A.4</span> Functions and Classes</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-scripts-and-modules" title="Scripts and Modules"><span class="secnum">A.5</span> Scripts and Modules</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-number-conversions" title="Number Conversions"><span class="secnum">A.6</span> Number Conversions</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-universal-resource-identifier-character-classes" title="Universal Resource Identifier Character Classes"><span class="secnum">A.7</span> Universal Resource Identifier Character Classes</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regular-expressions" title="Regular Expressions"><span class="secnum">A.8</span> Regular Expressions</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-additional-ecmascript-features-for-web-browsers" title="Additional ECMAScript Features for Web Browsers"><span class="secnum">B</span> Additional ECMAScript Features for Web Browsers</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-additional-syntax" title="Additional Syntax"><span class="secnum">B.1</span> Additional Syntax</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-additional-syntax-numeric-literals" title="Numeric Literals"><span class="secnum">B.1.1</span> Numeric Literals</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-additional-syntax-numeric-literals-status-semantics" title="Static Semantics"><span class="secnum">B.1.1.1</span> Static Semantics</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-additional-syntax-string-literals" title="String Literals"><span class="secnum">B.1.2</span> String Literals</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-additional-syntax-string-literals-static-semantics" title="Static Semantics"><span class="secnum">B.1.2.1</span> Static Semantics</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-html-like-comments" title="HTML-like Comments"><span class="secnum">B.1.3</span> HTML-like Comments</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-regular-expressions-patterns" title="Regular Expressions Patterns"><span class="secnum">B.1.4</span> Regular Expressions Patterns</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-patterns-static-semantics-early-errors-annexb" title="Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">B.1.4.1</span> SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-patterns-static-semantics-is-character-class-annexb" title="Static Semantics: IsCharacterClass"><span class="secnum">B.1.4.2</span> SS: IsCharacterClass</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-patterns-static-semantics-character-value-annexb" title="Static Semantics: CharacterValue"><span class="secnum">B.1.4.3</span> SS: CharacterValue</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-regular-expression-patterns-semantics" title="Pattern Semantics"><span class="secnum">B.1.4.4</span> Pattern Semantics</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics-characterrangeorunion-abstract-operation" title="Runtime Semantics: CharacterRangeOrUnion ( A, B )"><span class="secnum">B.1.4.4.1</span> RS: CharacterRangeOrUnion ( <var>A</var>, <var>B</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-additional-built-in-properties" title="Additional Built-in Properties"><span class="secnum">B.2</span> Additional Built-in Properties</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-additional-properties-of-the-global-object" title="Additional Properties of the Global Object"><span class="secnum">B.2.1</span> Additional Properties of the Global Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-escape-string" title="escape ( string )"><span class="secnum">B.2.1.1</span> escape ( <var>string</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-unescape-string" title="unescape ( string )"><span class="secnum">B.2.1.2</span> unescape ( <var>string</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-additional-properties-of-the-object.prototype-object" title="Additional Properties of the Object.prototype Object"><span class="secnum">B.2.2</span> Additional Properties of the Object.prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.__proto__" title="Object.prototype.__proto__"><span class="secnum">B.2.2.1</span> Object.prototype.__proto__</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-get-object.prototype.__proto__" title="get Object.prototype.__proto__"><span class="secnum">B.2.2.1.1</span> get Object.prototype.__proto__</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-set-object.prototype.__proto__" title="set Object.prototype.__proto__"><span class="secnum">B.2.2.1.2</span> set Object.prototype.__proto__</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.__defineGetter__" title="Object.prototype.__defineGetter__ ( P, getter )"><span class="secnum">B.2.2.2</span> Object.prototype.__defineGetter__ ( <var>P</var>, <var>getter</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.__defineSetter__" title="Object.prototype.__defineSetter__ ( P, setter )"><span class="secnum">B.2.2.3</span> Object.prototype.__defineSetter__ ( <var>P</var>, <var>setter</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.__lookupGetter__" title="Object.prototype.__lookupGetter__ ( P )"><span class="secnum">B.2.2.4</span> Object.prototype.__lookupGetter__ ( <var>P</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-object.prototype.__lookupSetter__" title="Object.prototype.__lookupSetter__ ( P )"><span class="secnum">B.2.2.5</span> Object.prototype.__lookupSetter__ ( <var>P</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-additional-properties-of-the-string.prototype-object" title="Additional Properties of the String.prototype Object"><span class="secnum">B.2.3</span> Additional Properties of the String.prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.substr" title="String.prototype.substr ( start, length )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.1</span> String.prototype.substr ( <var>start</var>, <var>length</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.anchor" title="String.prototype.anchor ( name )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.2</span> String.prototype.anchor ( <var>name</var> )</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createhtml" title="Runtime Semantics: CreateHTML ( string, tag, attribute, value )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.2.1</span> RS: CreateHTML ( <var>string</var>, <var>tag</var>, <var>attribute</var>, <var>value</var> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.big" title="String.prototype.big ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.3</span> String.prototype.big ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.blink" title="String.prototype.blink ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.4</span> String.prototype.blink ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.bold" title="String.prototype.bold ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.5</span> String.prototype.bold ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.fixed" title="String.prototype.fixed ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.6</span> String.prototype.fixed ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.fontcolor" title="String.prototype.fontcolor ( color )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.7</span> String.prototype.fontcolor ( <var>color</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.fontsize" title="String.prototype.fontsize ( size )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.8</span> String.prototype.fontsize ( <var>size</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.italics" title="String.prototype.italics ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.9</span> String.prototype.italics ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.link" title="String.prototype.link ( url )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.10</span> String.prototype.link ( <var>url</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.small" title="String.prototype.small ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.11</span> String.prototype.small ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.strike" title="String.prototype.strike ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.12</span> String.prototype.strike ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.sub" title="String.prototype.sub ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.13</span> String.prototype.sub ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-string.prototype.sup" title="String.prototype.sup ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.14</span> String.prototype.sup ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#String.prototype.trimleft" title="String.prototype.trimLeft ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.15</span> String.prototype.trimLeft ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#String.prototype.trimright" title="String.prototype.trimRight ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.3.16</span> String.prototype.trimRight ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-additional-properties-of-the-date.prototype-object" title="Additional Properties of the Date.prototype Object"><span class="secnum">B.2.4</span> Additional Properties of the Date.prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.getyear" title="Date.prototype.getYear ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.4.1</span> Date.prototype.getYear ( )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.setyear" title="Date.prototype.setYear ( year )"><span class="secnum">B.2.4.2</span> Date.prototype.setYear ( <var>year</var> )</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-date.prototype.togmtstring" title="Date.prototype.toGMTString ( )"><span class="secnum">B.2.4.3</span> Date.prototype.toGMTString ( )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-additional-properties-of-the-regexp.prototype-object" title="Additional Properties of the RegExp.prototype Object"><span class="secnum">B.2.5</span> Additional Properties of the RegExp.prototype Object</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-regexp.prototype.compile" title="RegExp.prototype.compile ( pattern, flags )"><span class="secnum">B.2.5.1</span> RegExp.prototype.compile ( <var>pattern</var>, <var>flags</var> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-other-additional-features" title="Other Additional Features"><span class="secnum">B.3</span> Other Additional Features</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-__proto__-property-names-in-object-initializers" title="__proto__ Property Names in Object Initializers"><span class="secnum">B.3.1</span> __proto__ Property Names in Object Initializers</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-labelled-function-declarations" title="Labelled Function Declarations"><span class="secnum">B.3.2</span> Labelled Function Declarations</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-block-level-function-declarations-web-legacy-compatibility-semantics" title="Block-Level Function Declarations Web Legacy Compatibility Semantics"><span class="secnum">B.3.3</span> Block-Level Function Declarations Web Legacy Compatibility Semantics</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-web-compat-functiondeclarationinstantiation" title="Changes to FunctionDeclarationInstantiation"><span class="secnum">B.3.3.1</span> Changes to FunctionDeclarationInstantiation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-web-compat-globaldeclarationinstantiation" title="Changes to GlobalDeclarationInstantiation"><span class="secnum">B.3.3.2</span> Changes to GlobalDeclarationInstantiation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-web-compat-evaldeclarationinstantiation" title="Changes to EvalDeclarationInstantiation"><span class="secnum">B.3.3.3</span> Changes to EvalDeclarationInstantiation</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-block-duplicates-allowed-static-semantics" title="Changes to Block Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">B.3.3.4</span> Changes to Block SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-switch-duplicates-allowed-static-semantics" title="Changes to switch Statement Static Semantics: Early Errors"><span class="secnum">B.3.3.5</span> Changes to <code>switch</code> Statement SS: Early Errors</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-web-compat-blockdeclarationinstantiation" title="Changes to BlockDeclarationInstantiation"><span class="secnum">B.3.3.6</span> Changes to BlockDeclarationInstantiation</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-functiondeclarations-in-ifstatement-statement-clauses" title="FunctionDeclarations in IfStatement Statement Clauses"><span class="secnum">B.3.4</span> FunctionDeclarations in IfStatement Statement Clauses</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-variablestatements-in-catch-blocks" title="VariableStatements in Catch Blocks"><span class="secnum">B.3.5</span> VariableStatements in Catch Blocks</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-initializers-in-forin-statement-heads" title="Initializers in ForIn Statement Heads"><span class="secnum">B.3.6</span> Initializers in ForIn Statement Heads</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-IsHTMLDDA-internal-slot" title="The [[IsHTMLDDA]] Internal Slot"><span class="secnum">B.3.7</span> The [[IsHTMLDDA]] Internal Slot</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-IsHTMLDDA-internal-slot-to-boolean" title="Changes to ToBoolean"><span class="secnum">B.3.7.1</span> Changes to ToBoolean</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-IsHTMLDDA-internal-slot-aec" title="Changes to Abstract Equality Comparison"><span class="secnum">B.3.7.2</span> Changes to Abstract Equality Comparison</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-IsHTMLDDA-internal-slot-typeof" title="Changes to the typeof Operator"><span class="secnum">B.3.7.3</span> Changes to the <code>typeof</code> Operator</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-strict-mode-of-ecmascript" title="The Strict Mode of ECMAScript"><span class="secnum">C</span> The Strict Mode of ECMAScript</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-corrections-and-clarifications-in-ecmascript-2015-with-possible-compatibility-impact" title="Corrections and Clarifications in ECMAScript 2015 with Possible Compatibility Impact"><span class="secnum">D</span> Corrections and Clarifications in ECMAScript 2015 with Possible Compatibility Impact</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-additions-and-changes-that-introduce-incompatibilities-with-prior-editions" title="Additions and Changes That Introduce Incompatibilities with Prior Editions"><span class="secnum">E</span> Additions and Changes That Introduce Incompatibilities with Prior Editions</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-colophon" title="Colophon"><span class="secnum">F</span> Colophon</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-bibliography" title="Bibliography"><span class="secnum">G</span> Bibliography</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copyright-and-software-license" title="Copyright &amp; Software License"><span class="secnum">H</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="spec-container">
<h1 class="version first"><a name="Title"></a></h1>
<p class="version first"><img src="/ecma-262/9.0/img/ecma-logo.svg" alt="Ecma logo" id="ecma-logo"></p>
<h1 class="version first">ECMA-262, 10<sup>th</sup> edition, June 2019</h1>
<h1 class="title">ECMAScript® 2019 Language&nbsp;Specification</h1>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div id="metadata-block">
<h1>Contributing to this Specification</h1>
<p>This specification is developed on GitHub with the help of the
ECMAScript community. There are a number of ways to contribute to the
development of this specification:</p>
<ul>
<li>GitHub Repository: <a href="https://github.com/tc39/ecma262">https://github.com/tc39/ecma262</a></li>
<li>Issues: <a href="https://github.com/tc39/ecma262/issues">All Issues</a>, <a href="https://github.com/tc39/ecma262/issues/new">File a New Issue</a></li>
<li>Pull Requests: <a href="https://github.com/tc39/ecma262/pulls">All Pull Requests</a>, <a href="https://github.com/tc39/ecma262/pulls/new">Create a New Pull Request</a></li>
<li>Test Suite: <a href="https://github.com/tc39/test262">Test262</a></li>
<li>Editors:
<ul>
<li><a href="mailto:brian.terlson at microsoft dot com">Brian Terlson</a> (<a href="https://twitter.com/bterlson">@bterlson</a>)</li>
<li><a href="mailto:bradley.meck at gmail dot com">Bradley Farias</a> (<a href="https://twitter.com/bradleymeck">@bradleymeck</a>)</li>
<li><a href="mailto:ljharb at gmail dot com">Jordan Harband</a> (<a href="https://twitter.com/ljharb">@ljharb</a>)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Community:</p>
<ul>
<li>Mailing list: <a href="https://esdiscuss.org/">es-discuss</a></li>
<li>IRC: <a href="ircs://irc.freenode.net:6667">#tc39</a> on <a href="https://freenode.net/kb/answer/chat">freenode</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Refer to the <emu-xref href="#sec-colophon" id="_ref_0"><a href="#sec-colophon">colophon</a></emu-xref> for more information on how this document is created.</p>
</div>
<emu-intro id="sec-intro">
<h1>Introduction</h1>
<p>This Ecma Standard defines the ECMAScript 2019 Language. It is the
tenth edition of the ECMAScript Language Specification. Since
publication of the first edition in 1997, ECMAScript has grown to be one
of the world's most widely used general-purpose programming languages.
It is best known as the language embedded in web browsers but has also
been widely adopted for server and embedded applications.</p>
<p>ECMAScript is based on several originating technologies, the most
well-known being JavaScript (Netscape) and JScript (Microsoft). The
language was invented by Brendan Eich at Netscape and first appeared in
that company's Navigator 2.0 browser. It has appeared in all subsequent
browsers from Netscape and in all browsers from Microsoft starting with
Internet Explorer 3.0.</p>
<p>The development of the ECMAScript Language Specification started in
November 1996. The first edition of this Ecma Standard was adopted by
the Ecma General Assembly of June 1997.</p>
<p>That Ecma Standard was submitted to ISO/IEC JTC 1 for adoption
under the fast-track procedure, and approved as international standard
ISO/IEC 16262, in April 1998. The Ecma General Assembly of June 1998
approved the second edition of ECMA-262 to keep it fully aligned with
ISO/IEC 16262. Changes between the first and the second edition are
editorial in nature.</p>
<p>The third edition of the Standard introduced powerful regular
expressions, better string handling, new control statements, try/catch
exception handling, tighter definition of errors, formatting for numeric
output and minor changes in anticipation of future language growth. The
third edition of the ECMAScript standard was adopted by the Ecma
General Assembly of December 1999 and published as ISO/IEC 16262:2002 in
June 2002.</p>
<p>After publication of the third edition, ECMAScript achieved massive
adoption in conjunction with the World Wide Web where it has become the
programming language that is supported by essentially all web browsers.
Significant work was done to develop a fourth edition of ECMAScript.
However, that work was not completed and not published as the fourth
edition of ECMAScript but some of it was incorporated into the
development of the sixth edition.</p>
<p>The fifth edition of ECMAScript (published as ECMA-262 5<sup>th</sup>
edition) codified de facto interpretations of the language
specification that have become common among browser implementations and
added support for new features that had emerged since the publication of
the third edition. Such features include accessor properties,
reflective creation and inspection of objects, program control of
property attributes, additional array manipulation functions, support
for the JSON object encoding format, and a strict mode that provides
enhanced error checking and program security. The fifth edition was
adopted by the Ecma General Assembly of December 2009.</p>
<p>The fifth edition was submitted to ISO/IEC JTC 1 for adoption under
the fast-track procedure, and approved as international standard
ISO/IEC 16262:2011. Edition 5.1 of the ECMAScript Standard incorporated
minor corrections and is the same text as ISO/IEC 16262:2011. The 5.1
Edition was adopted by the Ecma General Assembly of June 2011.</p>
<p>Focused development of the sixth edition started in 2009, as the
fifth edition was being prepared for publication. However, this was
preceded by significant experimentation and language enhancement design
efforts dating to the publication of the third edition in 1999. In a
very real sense, the completion of the sixth edition is the culmination
of a fifteen year effort. The goals for this addition included providing
better support for large applications, library creation, and for use of
ECMAScript as a compilation target for other languages. Some of its
major enhancements included modules, class declarations, lexical block
scoping, iterators and generators, promises for asynchronous
programming, destructuring patterns, and proper tail calls. The
ECMAScript library of built-ins was expanded to support additional data
abstractions including maps, sets, and arrays of binary numeric values
as well as additional support for Unicode supplemental characters in
strings and regular expressions. The built-ins were also made extensible
via subclassing. The sixth edition provides the foundation for regular,
incremental language and library enhancements. The sixth edition was
adopted by the General Assembly of June 2015.</p>
<p>ECMAScript 2016 was the first ECMAScript edition released under
Ecma TC39's new yearly release cadence and open development process. A
plain-text source document was built from the ECMAScript 2015 source
document to serve as the base for further development entirely on
GitHub. Over the year of this standard's development, hundreds of pull
requests and issues were filed representing thousands of bug fixes,
editorial fixes and other improvements. Additionally, numerous software
tools were developed to aid in this effort including Ecmarkup,
Ecmarkdown, and Grammarkdown. ES2016 also included support for a new
exponentiation operator and adds a new method to Array.prototype called <code>includes</code>.</p>
<p>ECMAScript 2017 introduced Async Functions, Shared Memory, and
Atomics along with smaller language and library enhancements, bug fixes,
and editorial updates. Async functions improve the asynchronous
programming experience by providing syntax for promise-returning
functions. Shared Memory and Atomics introduce a new <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model" id="_ref_855"><a href="#sec-memory-model">memory model</a></emu-xref> that allows multi-<emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_856"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>
programs to communicate using atomic operations that ensure a
well-defined execution order even on parallel CPUs. This specification
also includes new static methods on Object: <code>Object.values</code>, <code>Object.entries</code>, and <code>Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors</code>.</p>
<p>ECMAScript 2018 introduced support for asynchronous iteration via
the AsyncIterator protocol and async generators. It also included four
new regular expression features: the dotAll flag, named capture groups,
Unicode property escapes, and look-behind assertions. Lastly it included
rest parameter and spread operator support for object properties.</p>
<p>This specification, the 10<sup>th</sup> edition, introduces a few new built-in functions: <code>flat</code> and <code>flatMap</code> on <code>Array.prototype</code> for flattening arrays, <code>Object.fromEntries</code> for directly turning the return value of <code>Object.entries</code> into a new Object, and <code>trimStart</code> and <code>trimEnd</code> on <code>String.prototype</code> as better-named alternatives to the widely implemented but non-standard <code>String.prototype.trimLeft</code> and <code>trimRight</code>
built-ins. In addition, this specification includes a few minor updates
to syntax and semantics. Updated syntax includes optional catch binding
parameters and allowing U+2028 (LINE SEPARATOR) and U+2029 (PARAGRAPH
SEPARATOR) in string literals to align with JSON. Other updates include
requiring that <code>Array.prototype.sort</code> be a stable sort, requiring that JSON.stringify return well-formed UTF-8 regardless of input, and clarifying <code>Function.prototype.toString</code> by requiring that it either return the corresponding original source text or a standard placeholder.</p>
<p>Dozens of individuals representing many organizations have made
very significant contributions within Ecma TC39 to the development of
this edition and to the prior editions. In addition, a vibrant community
has emerged supporting TC39's ECMAScript efforts. This community has
reviewed numerous drafts, filed thousands of bug reports, performed
implementation experiments, contributed test suites, and educated the
world-wide developer community about ECMAScript. Unfortunately, it is
impossible to identify and acknowledge every person and organization who
has contributed to this effort.</p>
<p>
Allen Wirfs-Brock<br>
ECMA-262, Project Editor, 6<sup>th</sup> Edition
</p>
<p>
Brian Terlson<br>
ECMA-262, Project Editor, 7<sup>th</sup> through 10<sup>th</sup> Editions
</p>
</emu-intro>
<emu-clause id="sec-scope">
<h1><span class="secnum">1</span>Scope</h1>
<p>This Standard defines the ECMAScript 2019 general-purpose programming language.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-conformance">
<h1><span class="secnum">2</span>Conformance</h1>
<p>A conforming implementation of ECMAScript must provide and support
all the types, values, objects, properties, functions, and program
syntax and semantics described in this specification.</p>
<p>A conforming implementation of ECMAScript must interpret source
text input in conformance with the latest version of the Unicode
Standard and ISO/IEC 10646.</p>
<p>A conforming implementation of ECMAScript that provides an
application programming interface (API) that supports programs that need
to adapt to the linguistic and cultural conventions used by different
human languages and countries must implement the interface defined by
the most recent edition of ECMA-402 that is compatible with this
specification.</p>
<p>A conforming implementation of ECMAScript may provide additional
types, values, objects, properties, and functions beyond those described
in this specification. In particular, a conforming implementation of
ECMAScript may provide properties not described in this specification,
and values for those properties, for objects that are described in this
specification.</p>
<p>A conforming implementation of ECMAScript may support program and
regular expression syntax not described in this specification. In
particular, a conforming implementation of ECMAScript may support
program syntax that makes use of the “future reserved words” listed in
subclause <emu-xref href="#sec-future-reserved-words" id="_ref_1"><a href="#sec-future-reserved-words">11.6.2.2</a></emu-xref> of this specification.</p>
<p>A conforming implementation of ECMAScript must not implement any
extension that is listed as a Forbidden Extension in subclause <emu-xref href="#sec-forbidden-extensions" id="_ref_2"><a href="#sec-forbidden-extensions">16.2</a></emu-xref>.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-normative-references">
<h1><span class="secnum">3</span>Normative References</h1>
<p>The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
application of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.</p>
<p>ISO/IEC 10646 <i>Information Technology – Universal Multiple-Octet
Coded Character Set (UCS) plus Amendment 1:2005, Amendment 2:2006,
Amendment 3:2008, and Amendment 4:2008</i>, plus additional amendments and corrigenda, or successor</p>
<p>ECMA-402, <i>ECMAScript 2015 Internationalization API Specification</i>.
<br>
<a href="https://ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-402.htm">https://ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-402.htm</a></p>
<p>ECMA-404, <i>The JSON Data Interchange Format</i>.
<br>
<a href="https://ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-404.htm">https://ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-404.htm</a></p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-overview">
<h1><span class="secnum">4</span>Overview</h1>
<p>This section contains a non-normative overview of the ECMAScript language.</p>
<p>ECMAScript is an object-oriented programming language for
performing computations and manipulating computational objects within a
host environment. ECMAScript as defined here is not intended to be
computationally self-sufficient; indeed, there are no provisions in this
specification for input of external data or output of computed results.
Instead, it is expected that the computational environment of an
ECMAScript program will provide not only the objects and other
facilities described in this specification but also certain
environment-specific objects, whose description and behaviour are beyond
the scope of this specification except to indicate that they may
provide certain properties that can be accessed and certain functions
that can be called from an ECMAScript program.</p>
<p>ECMAScript was originally designed to be used as a scripting
language, but has become widely used as a general-purpose programming
language. A <em>scripting language</em> is a programming language that
is used to manipulate, customize, and automate the facilities of an
existing system. In such systems, useful functionality is already
available through a user interface, and the scripting language is a
mechanism for exposing that functionality to program control. In this
way, the existing system is said to provide a host environment of
objects and facilities, which completes the capabilities of the
scripting language. A scripting language is intended for use by both
professional and non-professional programmers.</p>
<p>ECMAScript was originally designed to be a <em>Web scripting language</em>,
providing a mechanism to enliven Web pages in browsers and to perform
server computation as part of a Web-based client-server architecture.
ECMAScript is now used to provide core scripting capabilities for a
variety of host environments. Therefore the core language is specified
in this document apart from any particular host environment.</p>
<p>ECMAScript usage has moved beyond simple scripting and it is now
used for the full spectrum of programming tasks in many different
environments and scales. As the usage of ECMAScript has expanded, so has
the features and facilities it provides. ECMAScript is now a fully
featured general-purpose programming language.</p>
<p>Some of the facilities of ECMAScript are similar to those used in
other programming languages; in particular C, Java™, Self, and Scheme as
described in:</p>
<p>ISO/IEC 9899:1996, <i>Programming Languages – C</i>.</p>
<p>Gosling, James, Bill Joy and Guy Steele. <i>The Java<sup>™</sup> Language Specification</i>. Addison Wesley Publishing Co., 1996.</p>
<p>Ungar, David, and Smith, Randall B. Self: The Power of Simplicity. <i>OOPSLA '87 Conference Proceedings</i>, pp. 227-241, Orlando, FL, October 1987.</p>
<p><i>IEEE Standard for the Scheme Programming Language</i>. IEEE Std 1178-1990.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-web-scripting">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.1</span>Web Scripting</h1>
<p>A web browser provides an ECMAScript host environment for
client-side computation including, for instance, objects that represent
windows, menus, pop-ups, dialog boxes, text areas, anchors, frames,
history, cookies, and input/output. Further, the host environment
provides a means to attach scripting code to events such as change of
focus, page and image loading, unloading, error and abort, selection,
form submission, and mouse actions. Scripting code appears within the
HTML and the displayed page is a combination of user interface elements
and fixed and computed text and images. The scripting code is reactive
to user interaction, and there is no need for a main program.</p>
<p>A web server provides a different host environment for
server-side computation including objects representing requests,
clients, and files; and mechanisms to lock and share data. By using
browser-side and server-side scripting together, it is possible to
distribute computation between the client and server while providing a
customized user interface for a Web-based application.</p>
<p>Each Web browser and server that supports ECMAScript supplies its
own host environment, completing the ECMAScript execution environment.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-overview">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.2</span>ECMAScript Overview</h1>
<p>The following is an informal overview of ECMAScript—not all parts
of the language are described. This overview is not part of the
standard proper.</p>
<p>ECMAScript is object-based: basic language and host facilities
are provided by objects, and an ECMAScript program is a cluster of
communicating objects. In ECMAScript, an <em>object</em> is a collection of zero or more <em>properties</em> each with <em>attributes</em> that determine how each property can be used—for example, when the Writable attribute for a property is set to <emu-val>false</emu-val>,
any attempt by executed ECMAScript code to assign a different value to
the property fails. Properties are containers that hold other objects, <em>primitive values</em>, or <em>functions</em>. A primitive value is a member of one of the following built-in types: <b>Undefined</b>, <b>Null</b>, <b>Boolean</b>, <b>Number</b>, <b>String</b>, and <b>Symbol;</b> an object is a member of the built-in type <b>Object</b>; and a function is a callable object. A function that is associated with an object via a property is called a <em>method</em>.</p>
<p>ECMAScript defines a collection of <em>built-in objects</em> that round out the definition of ECMAScript entities. These built-in objects include the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_857"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>; objects that are fundamental to the <emu-xref href="#sec-runtime-semantics" id="_ref_858"><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics">runtime semantics</a></emu-xref> of the language including <code>Object</code>, <code>Function</code>, <code>Boolean</code>, <code>Symbol</code>, and various <code>Error</code> objects; objects that represent and manipulate numeric values including <code>Math</code>, <code>Number</code>, and <code>Date</code>; the text processing objects <code>String</code> and <code>RegExp</code>; objects that are indexed collections of values including <code>Array</code>
and nine different kinds of Typed Arrays whose elements all have a
specific numeric data representation; keyed collections including <code>Map</code> and <code>Set</code> objects; objects supporting structured data including the <code>JSON</code> object, <code>ArrayBuffer</code>, <code>SharedArrayBuffer</code>, and <code>DataView</code>; objects supporting control abstractions including generator functions and <code>Promise</code> objects; and reflection objects including <code>Proxy</code> and <code>Reflect</code>.</p>
<p>ECMAScript also defines a set of built-in <em>operators</em>.
ECMAScript operators include various unary operations, multiplicative
operators, additive operators, bitwise shift operators, relational
operators, equality operators, binary bitwise operators, binary logical
operators, assignment operators, and the comma operator.</p>
<p>Large ECMAScript programs are supported by <em>modules</em>
which allow a program to be divided into multiple sequences of
statements and declarations. Each module explicitly identifies
declarations it uses that need to be provided by other modules and which
of its declarations are available for use by other modules.</p>
<p>ECMAScript syntax intentionally resembles Java syntax. ECMAScript
syntax is relaxed to enable it to serve as an easy-to-use scripting
language. For example, a variable is not required to have its type
declared nor are types associated with properties, and defined functions
are not required to have their declarations appear textually before
calls to them.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-objects">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.2.1</span>Objects</h1>
<p>Even though ECMAScript includes syntax for class definitions,
ECMAScript objects are not fundamentally class-based such as those in
C++, Smalltalk, or Java. Instead objects may be created in various ways
including via a literal notation or via <em>constructors</em> which
create objects and then execute code that initializes all or part of
them by assigning initial values to their properties. Each <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_859"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> is a function that has a property named <code>"prototype"</code> that is used to implement <em>prototype-based inheritance</em> and <em>shared properties</em>. Objects are created by using constructors in <b>new</b> expressions; for example, <code>new Date(2009, 11)</code> creates a new Date object. Invoking a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_860"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> without using <b>new</b> has consequences that depend on the <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_861"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>. For example, <code>Date()</code> produces a string representation of the current date and time rather than an object.</p>
<p>Every object created by a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_862"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> has an implicit reference (called the object's <em>prototype</em>) to the value of its <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_863"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>'s <code>"prototype"</code> property. Furthermore, a prototype may have a non-null implicit reference to its prototype, and so on; this is called the <em>prototype chain</em>.
When a reference is made to a property in an object, that reference is
to the property of that name in the first object in the prototype chain
that contains a property of that name. In other words, first the object
mentioned directly is examined for such a property; if that object
contains the named property, that is the property to which the reference
refers; if that object does not contain the named property, the
prototype for that object is examined next; and so on.</p>
<emu-figure id="figure-1" caption="Object/Prototype Relationships"><figure><figcaption>Figure 1: Object/Prototype Relationships</figcaption>
<object data="ECMAScript%C2%AE%202019%20Language%C2%A0Specification_files/figure-1.svg" type="image/svg+xml" width="719" height="354"> <img alt="An image of lots of boxes and arrows." src="img/figure-1.png" width="719" height="354"> </object>
</figure></emu-figure>
<p>In a class-based object-oriented language, in general, state is
carried by instances, methods are carried by classes, and inheritance
is only of structure and behaviour. In ECMAScript, the state and methods
are carried by objects, while structure, behaviour, and state are all
inherited.</p>
<p>All objects that do not directly contain a particular property
that their prototype contains share that property and its value. Figure 1
illustrates this:</p>
<p><b>CF</b> is a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_864"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (and also an object). Five objects have been created by using <code>new</code> expressions: <b>cf<sub>1</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>2</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>3</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>4</sub></b>, and <b>cf<sub>5</sub></b>. Each of these objects contains properties named <code>q1</code> and <code>q2</code>. The dashed lines represent the implicit prototype relationship; so, for example, <b>cf<sub>3</sub></b>'s prototype is <b>CF<sub>p</sub></b>. The <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_865"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>, <b>CF</b>, has two properties itself, named <code>P1</code> and <code>P2</code>, which are not visible to <b>CF<sub>p</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>1</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>2</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>3</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>4</sub></b>, or <b>cf<sub>5</sub></b>. The property named <code>CFP1</code> in <b>CF<sub>p</sub></b> is shared by <b>cf<sub>1</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>2</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>3</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>4</sub></b>, and <b>cf<sub>5</sub></b> (but not by <b>CF</b>), as are any properties found in <b>CF<sub>p</sub></b>'s implicit prototype chain that are not named <code>q1</code>, <code>q2</code>, or <code>CFP1</code>. Notice that there is no implicit prototype link between <b>CF</b> and <b>CF<sub>p</sub></b>.</p>
<p>Unlike most class-based object languages, properties can be
added to objects dynamically by assigning values to them. That is,
constructors are not required to name or assign values to all or any of
the constructed object's properties. In the above diagram, one could add
a new shared property for <b>cf<sub>1</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>2</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>3</sub></b>, <b>cf<sub>4</sub></b>, and <b>cf<sub>5</sub></b> by assigning a new value to the property in <b>CF<sub>p</sub></b>.</p>
<p>Although ECMAScript objects are not inherently class-based, it
is often convenient to define class-like abstractions based upon a
common pattern of <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_866"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>
functions, prototype objects, and methods. The ECMAScript built-in
objects themselves follow such a class-like pattern. Beginning with
ECMAScript 2015, the ECMAScript language includes syntactic class
definitions that permit programmers to concisely define objects that
conform to the same class-like abstraction pattern used by the built-in
objects.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-strict-variant-of-ecmascript">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.2.2</span>The Strict Variant of ECMAScript</h1>
<p>The ECMAScript Language recognizes the possibility that some
users of the language may wish to restrict their usage of some features
available in the language. They might do so in the interests of
security, to avoid what they consider to be error-prone features, to get
enhanced error checking, or for other reasons of their choosing. In
support of this possibility, ECMAScript defines a strict variant of the
language. The strict variant of the language excludes some specific
syntactic and semantic features of the regular ECMAScript language and
modifies the detailed semantics of some features. The strict variant
also specifies additional error conditions that must be reported by
throwing error exceptions in situations that are not specified as errors
by the non-strict form of the language.</p>
<p>The strict variant of ECMAScript is commonly referred to as the <em>strict mode</em>
of the language. Strict mode selection and use of the strict mode
syntax and semantics of ECMAScript is explicitly made at the level of
individual ECMAScript source text units. Because strict mode is selected
at the level of a syntactic source text unit, strict mode only imposes
restrictions that have local effect within such a source text unit.
Strict mode does not restrict or modify any aspect of the ECMAScript
semantics that must operate consistently across multiple source text
units. A complete ECMAScript program may be composed of both strict mode
and non-strict mode ECMAScript source text units. In this case, strict
mode only applies when actually executing code that is defined within a
strict mode source text unit.</p>
<p>In order to conform to this specification, an ECMAScript
implementation must implement both the full unrestricted ECMAScript
language and the strict variant of the ECMAScript language as defined by
this specification. In addition, an implementation must support the
combination of unrestricted and strict mode source text units into a
single composite program.</p>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3</span>Terms and Definitions</h1>
<p>For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.1</span>type</h1>
<p>set of data values as defined in clause <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values" id="_ref_3"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">6</a></emu-xref> of this specification</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-primitive-value">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.2</span>primitive value</h1>
<p>member of one of the types Undefined, Null, Boolean, Number, Symbol, or String as defined in clause <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values" id="_ref_4"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">6</a></emu-xref></p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>A primitive value is a datum that is represented directly at the lowest level of the language implementation.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-object">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.3</span>object</h1>
<p>member of the type Object</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>An object is a collection of properties and has a single prototype object. The prototype may be the null value.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-constructor">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.4</span>constructor</h1>
<p><emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_867"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> that creates and initializes objects</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The value of a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_868"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>'s <code>prototype</code> property is a prototype object that is used to implement inheritance and shared properties.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-prototype">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.5</span>prototype</h1>
<p>object that provides shared properties for other objects</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>When a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_869"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> creates an object, that object implicitly references the <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_870"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>'s <code>prototype</code> property for the purpose of resolving property references. The <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_871"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>'s <code>prototype</code> property can be referenced by the program expression <code><var>constructor</var>.prototype</code>,
and properties added to an object's prototype are shared, through
inheritance, by all objects sharing the prototype. Alternatively, a new
object may be created with an explicitly specified prototype by using
the <code>Object.create</code> built-in function.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.6</span>ordinary object</h1>
<p>object that has the default behaviour for the essential internal methods that must be supported by all objects</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-exotic-object">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.7</span>exotic object</h1>
<p>object that does not have the default behaviour for one or more of the essential internal methods</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Any object that is not an ordinary object is an <emu-xref href="#exotic-object" id="_ref_872"><a href="#exotic-object">exotic object</a></emu-xref>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-standard-object">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.8</span>standard object</h1>
<p>object whose semantics are defined by this specification</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-built-in-object">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.9</span>built-in object</h1>
<p>object specified and supplied by an ECMAScript implementation</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Standard built-in objects are defined in this specification.
An ECMAScript implementation may specify and supply additional kinds of
built-in objects. A <em>built-in <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_873"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref></em> is a built-in object that is also a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_874"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-undefined-value">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.10</span>undefined value</h1>
<p>primitive value used when a variable has not been assigned a value</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-undefined-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.11</span>Undefined type</h1>
<p>type whose sole value is the <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> value</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-null-value">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.12</span>null value</h1>
<p>primitive value that represents the intentional absence of any object value</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-null-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.13</span>Null type</h1>
<p>type whose sole value is the <emu-val>null</emu-val> value</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-boolean-value">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.14</span>Boolean value</h1>
<p>member of the Boolean type</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>There are only two Boolean values, <emu-val>true</emu-val> and <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-boolean-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.15</span>Boolean type</h1>
<p>type consisting of the primitive values <emu-val>true</emu-val> and <emu-val>false</emu-val></p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-boolean-object">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.16</span>Boolean object</h1>
<p>member of the Object type that is an instance of the standard built-in <code>Boolean</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_875"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref></p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>A Boolean object is created by using the <code>Boolean</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_876"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> in a <code>new</code>
expression, supplying a Boolean value as an argument. The resulting
object has an internal slot whose value is the Boolean value. A Boolean
object can be coerced to a Boolean value.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-string-value">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.17</span>String value</h1>
<p>primitive value that is a finite ordered sequence of zero or more 16-bit unsigned integer values</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>A String value is a member of the String type. Each integer
value in the sequence usually represents a single 16-bit unit of UTF-16
text. However, ECMAScript does not place any restrictions or
requirements on the values except that they must be 16-bit unsigned
integers.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-string-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.18</span>String type</h1>
<p>set of all possible String values</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-string-object">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.19</span>String object</h1>
<p>member of the Object type that is an instance of the standard built-in <code>String</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_877"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref></p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>A String object is created by using the <code>String</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_878"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> in a <code>new</code>
expression, supplying a String value as an argument. The resulting
object has an internal slot whose value is the String value. A String
object can be coerced to a String value by calling the <code>String</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_879"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> as a function (<emu-xref href="#sec-string-constructor-string-value" id="_ref_5"><a href="#sec-string-constructor-string-value">21.1.1.1</a></emu-xref>).</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-number-value">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.20</span>Number value</h1>
<p>primitive value corresponding to a double-precision 64-bit binary format IEEE 754-2008 value</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>A Number value is a member of the Number type and is a direct representation of a number.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-number-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.21</span>Number type</h1>
<p>set of all possible Number values including the special “Not-a-Number” (NaN) value, positive infinity, and negative infinity</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-number-object">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.22</span>Number object</h1>
<p>member of the Object type that is an instance of the standard built-in <code>Number</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_880"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref></p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>A Number object is created by using the <code>Number</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_881"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> in a <code>new</code>
expression, supplying a number value as an argument. The resulting
object has an internal slot whose value is the number value. A Number
object can be coerced to a number value by calling the <code>Number</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_882"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> as a function (<emu-xref href="#sec-number-constructor-number-value" id="_ref_6"><a href="#sec-number-constructor-number-value">20.1.1.1</a></emu-xref>).</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-infinity">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.23</span>Infinity</h1>
<p>number value that is the positive infinite number value</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-nan">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.24</span>NaN</h1>
<p>number value that is an IEEE 754-2008 “Not-a-Number” value</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-symbol-value">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.25</span>Symbol value</h1>
<p>primitive value that represents a unique, non-String Object property key</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-symbol-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.26</span>Symbol type</h1>
<p>set of all possible Symbol values</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-symbol-object">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.27</span>Symbol object</h1>
<p>member of the Object type that is an instance of the standard built-in <code>Symbol</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_883"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref></p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-terms-and-definitions-function">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.28</span>function</h1>
<p>member of the Object type that may be invoked as a subroutine</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>In addition to its properties, a function contains executable
code and state that determine how it behaves when invoked. A function's
code may or may not be written in ECMAScript.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-built-in-function">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.29</span>built-in function</h1>
<p>built-in object that is a function</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Examples of built-in functions include <code>parseInt</code> and <code>Math.exp</code>. An implementation may provide implementation-dependent built-in functions that are not described in this specification.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-property">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.30</span>property</h1>
<p>part of an object that associates a key (either a String value or a Symbol value) and a value</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Depending upon the form of the property the value may be
represented either directly as a data value (a primitive value, an
object, or a <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_884"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>) or indirectly by a pair of accessor functions.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-method">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.31</span>method</h1>
<p>function that is the value of a property</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>When a function is called as a method of an object, the object is passed to the function as its <emu-val>this</emu-val> value.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-built-in-method">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.32</span>built-in method</h1>
<p>method that is a built-in function</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Standard built-in methods are defined in this specification,
and an ECMAScript implementation may specify and provide other
additional built-in methods.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-attribute">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.33</span>attribute</h1>
<p>internal value that defines some characteristic of a property</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-own-property">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.34</span>own property</h1>
<p>property that is directly contained by its object</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-inherited-property">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.3.35</span>inherited property</h1>
<p>property of an object that is not an own property but is a property (either own or inherited) of the object's prototype</p>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-organization-of-this-specification">
<h1><span class="secnum">4.4</span>Organization of This Specification</h1>
<p>The remainder of this specification is organized as follows:</p>
<p>Clause 5 defines the notational conventions used throughout the specification.</p>
<p>Clauses 6-9 define the execution environment within which ECMAScript programs operate.</p>
<p>Clauses 10-16 define the actual ECMAScript programming language
including its syntactic encoding and the execution semantics of all
language features.</p>
<p>Clauses 17-26 define the ECMAScript standard library. They
include the definitions of all of the standard objects that are
available for use by ECMAScript programs as they execute.</p>
<p>Clause 27 describes the memory consistency model of accesses on
SharedArrayBuffer-backed memory and methods of the Atomics object.</p>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-notational-conventions">
<h1><span class="secnum">5</span>Notational Conventions</h1>
<emu-clause id="sec-syntactic-and-lexical-grammars">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.1</span>Syntactic and Lexical Grammars</h1>
<emu-clause id="sec-context-free-grammars">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.1.1</span>Context-Free Grammars</h1>
<p>A <em>context-free grammar</em> consists of a number of <em>productions</em>. Each production has an abstract symbol called a <em>nonterminal</em> as its <em>left-hand side</em>, and a sequence of zero or more nonterminal and <em>terminal</em> symbols as its <em>right-hand side</em>. For each grammar, the terminal symbols are drawn from a specified alphabet.</p>
<p>A <dfn>chain production</dfn> is a production that has exactly one nonterminal symbol on its right-hand side along with zero or more terminal symbols.</p>
<p>Starting from a sentence consisting of a single distinguished nonterminal, called the <dfn>goal symbol</dfn>, a given context-free grammar specifies a <em>language</em>,
namely, the (perhaps infinite) set of possible sequences of terminal
symbols that can result from repeatedly replacing any nonterminal in the
sequence with a right-hand side of a production for which the
nonterminal is the left-hand side.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-lexical-and-regexp-grammars">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.1.2</span>The Lexical and RegExp Grammars</h1>
<p>A <em>lexical grammar</em> for ECMAScript is given in clause <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-lexical-grammar" id="_ref_7"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-lexical-grammar">11</a></emu-xref>. This grammar has as its terminal symbols Unicode code points that conform to the rules for <emu-nt id="_ref_8795"><a href="#prod-SourceCharacter">SourceCharacter</a></emu-nt> defined in <emu-xref href="#sec-source-text" id="_ref_8"><a href="#sec-source-text">10.1</a></emu-xref>. It defines a set of productions, starting from the <emu-xref href="#sec-context-free-grammars" id="_ref_885"><a href="#sec-context-free-grammars">goal symbol</a></emu-xref> <emu-nt id="_ref_8796"><a href="#prod-InputElementDiv">InputElementDiv</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_8797"><a href="#prod-InputElementTemplateTail">InputElementTemplateTail</a></emu-nt>, or <emu-nt id="_ref_8798"><a href="#prod-InputElementRegExp">InputElementRegExp</a></emu-nt>, or <emu-nt id="_ref_8799"><a href="#prod-InputElementRegExpOrTemplateTail">InputElementRegExpOrTemplateTail</a></emu-nt>, that describe how sequences of such code points are translated into a sequence of input elements.</p>
<p>Input elements other than white space and comments form the
terminal symbols for the syntactic grammar for ECMAScript and are called
ECMAScript <em>tokens</em>. These tokens are the reserved words,
identifiers, literals, and punctuators of the ECMAScript language.
Moreover, line terminators, although not considered to be tokens, also
become part of the stream of input elements and guide the process of
automatic semicolon insertion (<emu-xref href="#sec-automatic-semicolon-insertion" id="_ref_9"><a href="#sec-automatic-semicolon-insertion">11.9</a></emu-xref>).
Simple white space and single-line comments are discarded and do not
appear in the stream of input elements for the syntactic grammar. A <emu-nt id="_ref_8800"><a href="#prod-MultiLineComment">MultiLineComment</a></emu-nt> (that is, a comment of the form <code>/*</code>…<code>*/</code> regardless of whether it spans more than one line) is likewise simply discarded if it contains no line terminator; but if a <emu-nt id="_ref_8801"><a href="#prod-MultiLineComment">MultiLineComment</a></emu-nt>
contains one or more line terminators, then it is replaced by a single
line terminator, which becomes part of the stream of input elements for
the syntactic grammar.</p>
<p>A <em>RegExp grammar</em> for ECMAScript is given in <emu-xref href="#sec-patterns" id="_ref_10"><a href="#sec-patterns">21.2.1</a></emu-xref>. This grammar also has as its terminal symbols the code points as defined by <emu-nt id="_ref_8802"><a href="#prod-SourceCharacter">SourceCharacter</a></emu-nt>. It defines a set of productions, starting from the <emu-xref href="#sec-context-free-grammars" id="_ref_886"><a href="#sec-context-free-grammars">goal symbol</a></emu-xref> <emu-nt id="_ref_8803"><a href="#prod-Pattern">Pattern</a></emu-nt>, that describe how sequences of code points are translated into regular expression patterns.</p>
<p>Productions of the lexical and RegExp grammars are distinguished by having two colons “<b>::</b>” as separating punctuation. The lexical and RegExp grammars share some productions.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-numeric-string-grammar">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.1.3</span>The Numeric String Grammar</h1>
<p>Another grammar is used for translating Strings into numeric
values. This grammar is similar to the part of the lexical grammar
having to do with numeric literals and has as its terminal symbols <emu-nt id="_ref_8804"><a href="#prod-SourceCharacter">SourceCharacter</a></emu-nt>. This grammar appears in <emu-xref href="#sec-tonumber-applied-to-the-string-type" id="_ref_11"><a href="#sec-tonumber-applied-to-the-string-type">7.1.3.1</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>Productions of the numeric string grammar are distinguished by having three colons “<b>:::</b>” as punctuation.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-syntactic-grammar">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.1.4</span>The Syntactic Grammar</h1>
<p>The <em>syntactic grammar</em> for ECMAScript is given in
clauses 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. This grammar has ECMAScript tokens
defined by the lexical grammar as its terminal symbols (<emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-and-regexp-grammars" id="_ref_12"><a href="#sec-lexical-and-regexp-grammars">5.1.2</a></emu-xref>). It defines a set of productions, starting from two alternative goal symbols <emu-nt id="_ref_8805"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> and <emu-nt id="_ref_8806"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>, that describe how sequences of tokens form syntactically correct independent components of ECMAScript programs.</p>
<p>When a stream of code points is to be parsed as an ECMAScript <emu-nt id="_ref_8807"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> or <emu-nt id="_ref_8808"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>,
it is first converted to a stream of input elements by repeated
application of the lexical grammar; this stream of input elements is
then parsed by a single application of the syntactic grammar. The input
stream is syntactically in error if the tokens in the stream of input
elements cannot be parsed as a single instance of the goal nonterminal (<emu-nt id="_ref_8809"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> or <emu-nt id="_ref_8810"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>), with no tokens left over.</p>
<p>When a parse is successful, it constructs a <em>parse tree</em>, a rooted tree structure in which each node is a <dfn>Parse Node</dfn>. Each Parse Node is an <em>instance</em>
of a symbol in the grammar; it represents a span of the source text
that can be derived from that symbol. The root node of the parse tree,
representing the whole of the source text, is an instance of the parse's
<emu-xref href="#sec-context-free-grammars" id="_ref_887"><a href="#sec-context-free-grammars">goal symbol</a></emu-xref>.
When a Parse Node is an instance of a nonterminal, it is also an
instance of some production that has that nonterminal as its left-hand
side. Moreover, it has zero or more <em>children</em>, one for each
symbol on the production's right-hand side: each child is a Parse Node
that is an instance of the corresponding symbol.</p>
<p>New Parse Nodes are instantiated for each invocation of the
parser and never reused between parses even of identical source text.
Parse Nodes are considered <dfn>the same Parse Node</dfn> if and only
if they represent the same span of source text, are instances of the
same grammar symbol, and resulted from the same parser invocation.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 1</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Parsing the same String multiple times will lead to different Parse Nodes, e.g., as occurs in:</p>
<pre><code language="javascript">eval(str); eval(str);</code></pre>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 2</span><div class="note-contents">Parse Nodes are specification artefacts, and implementations are not required to use an analogous data structure.</div></emu-note>
<p>Productions of the syntactic grammar are distinguished by having just one colon “<b>:</b>” as punctuation.</p>
<p>The syntactic grammar as presented in clauses 12, 13, 14 and 15
is not a complete account of which token sequences are accepted as a
correct ECMAScript <emu-nt id="_ref_8811"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> or <emu-nt id="_ref_8812"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>.
Certain additional token sequences are also accepted, namely, those
that would be described by the grammar if only semicolons were added to
the sequence in certain places (such as before line terminator
characters). Furthermore, certain token sequences that are described by
the grammar are not considered acceptable if a line terminator character
appears in certain “awkward” places.</p>
<p>In certain cases, in order to avoid ambiguities, the syntactic
grammar uses generalized productions that permit token sequences that do
not form a valid ECMAScript <emu-nt id="_ref_8813"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> or <emu-nt id="_ref_8814"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>. For example, this technique is used for object literals and object destructuring patterns. In such cases a more restrictive <em>supplemental grammar</em> is provided that further restricts the acceptable token sequences. Typically, an <emu-xref href="#early-error" id="_ref_888"><a href="#early-error">early error</a></emu-xref> rule will then define an error condition if "<var>P</var> is not <dfn>covering</dfn> an <var>N</var>", where <var>P</var> is a Parse Node (an instance of the generalized production) and <var>N</var> is a nonterminal from the supplemental grammar. Here, the sequence of tokens originally matched by <var>P</var> is parsed again using <var>N</var> as the <emu-xref href="#sec-context-free-grammars" id="_ref_889"><a href="#sec-context-free-grammars">goal symbol</a></emu-xref>. (If <var>N</var> takes grammatical parameters, then they are set to the same values used when <var>P</var> was originally parsed.) An error occurs if the sequence of tokens cannot be parsed as a single instance of <var>N</var>, with no tokens left over. Subsequently, algorithms access the result of the parse using a phrase of the form "the <var>N</var> that is <dfn>covered</dfn> by <var>P</var>". This will always be a Parse Node (an instance of <var>N</var>, unique for a given <var>P</var>), since any parsing failure would have been detected by an <emu-xref href="#early-error" id="_ref_890"><a href="#early-error">early error</a></emu-xref> rule.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-grammar-notation" namespace="grammar-notation">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.1.5</span>Grammar Notation</h1>
<p>Terminal symbols of the lexical, RegExp, and numeric string grammars are shown in <code>fixed width</code>
font, both in the productions of the grammars and throughout this
specification whenever the text directly refers to such a terminal
symbol. These are to appear in a script exactly as written. All terminal
symbol code points specified in this way are to be understood as the
appropriate Unicode code points from the Basic Latin range, as opposed
to any similar-looking code points from other Unicode ranges.</p>
<p>Nonterminal symbols are shown in <i>italic</i> type. The
definition of a nonterminal (also called a “production”) is introduced
by the name of the nonterminal being defined followed by one or more
colons. (The number of colons indicates to which grammar the production
belongs.) One or more alternative right-hand sides for the nonterminal
then follow on succeeding lines. For example, the syntactic definition:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="WhileStatement" id="prod-grammar-notation-WhileStatement">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-WhileStatement">WhileStatement</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="f7627bf3"><emu-t>while</emu-t><emu-t>(</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8815"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a></emu-nt><emu-t>)</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8816"><a href="#prod-Statement">Statement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>states that the nonterminal <emu-nt id="_ref_8817"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-WhileStatement">WhileStatement</a></emu-nt> represents the token <code>while</code>, followed by a left parenthesis token, followed by an <emu-nt id="_ref_8818"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a></emu-nt>, followed by a right parenthesis token, followed by a <emu-nt id="_ref_8819"><a href="#prod-Statement">Statement</a></emu-nt>. The occurrences of <emu-nt id="_ref_8820"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a></emu-nt> and <emu-nt id="_ref_8821"><a href="#prod-Statement">Statement</a></emu-nt> are themselves nonterminals. As another example, the syntactic definition:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="ArgumentList" id="prod-grammar-notation-ArgumentList">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-ArgumentList">ArgumentList</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="d4fc7da4"><emu-nt id="_ref_8822"><a href="#prod-AssignmentExpression">AssignmentExpression</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="7ff23fee"><emu-nt id="_ref_8823"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-ArgumentList">ArgumentList</a></emu-nt><emu-t>,</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8824"><a href="#prod-AssignmentExpression">AssignmentExpression</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>states that an <emu-nt id="_ref_8825"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-ArgumentList">ArgumentList</a></emu-nt> may represent either a single <emu-nt id="_ref_8826"><a href="#prod-AssignmentExpression">AssignmentExpression</a></emu-nt> or an <emu-nt id="_ref_8827"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-ArgumentList">ArgumentList</a></emu-nt>, followed by a comma, followed by an <emu-nt id="_ref_8828"><a href="#prod-AssignmentExpression">AssignmentExpression</a></emu-nt>. This definition of <emu-nt id="_ref_8829"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-ArgumentList">ArgumentList</a></emu-nt> is recursive, that is, it is defined in terms of itself. The result is that an <emu-nt id="_ref_8830"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-ArgumentList">ArgumentList</a></emu-nt> may contain any positive number of arguments, separated by commas, where each argument expression is an <emu-nt id="_ref_8831"><a href="#prod-AssignmentExpression">AssignmentExpression</a></emu-nt>. Such recursive definitions of nonterminals are common.</p>
<p>The subscripted suffix “<sub>opt</sub>”, which may appear after
a terminal or nonterminal, indicates an optional symbol. The
alternative containing the optional symbol actually specifies two
right-hand sides, one that omits the optional element and one that
includes it. This means that:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="VariableDeclaration" id="prod-grammar-notation-VariableDeclaration">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="0b9344a8"><emu-nt id="_ref_8832"><a href="#prod-BindingIdentifier">BindingIdentifier</a></emu-nt><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8833"><a href="#prod-Initializer">Initializer</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>is a convenient abbreviation for:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="VariableDeclaration">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="50e97238"><emu-nt id="_ref_8834"><a href="#prod-BindingIdentifier">BindingIdentifier</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="89becb83"><emu-nt id="_ref_8835"><a href="#prod-BindingIdentifier">BindingIdentifier</a></emu-nt><emu-nt id="_ref_8836"><a href="#prod-Initializer">Initializer</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>and that:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="IterationStatement" id="prod-grammar-notation-IterationStatement">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-IterationStatement">IterationStatement</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="93c07e45"><emu-t>for</emu-t><emu-t>(</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8837"><a href="#prod-LexicalDeclaration">LexicalDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8838"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-t>;</emu-t><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8839"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-t>)</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8840"><a href="#prod-Statement">Statement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>is a convenient abbreviation for:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="IterationStatement">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-IterationStatement">IterationStatement</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="180d57b5"><emu-t>for</emu-t><emu-t>(</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8841"><a href="#prod-LexicalDeclaration">LexicalDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-t>;</emu-t><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8842"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-t>)</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8843"><a href="#prod-Statement">Statement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="0acd6093"><emu-t>for</emu-t><emu-t>(</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8844"><a href="#prod-LexicalDeclaration">LexicalDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-nt id="_ref_8845"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a></emu-nt><emu-t>;</emu-t><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8846"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-t>)</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8847"><a href="#prod-Statement">Statement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>which in turn is an abbreviation for:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="IterationStatement">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-IterationStatement">IterationStatement</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="00273dd7"><emu-t>for</emu-t><emu-t>(</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8848"><a href="#prod-LexicalDeclaration">LexicalDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-t>;</emu-t><emu-t>)</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8849"><a href="#prod-Statement">Statement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="d4b04297"><emu-t>for</emu-t><emu-t>(</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8850"><a href="#prod-LexicalDeclaration">LexicalDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-t>;</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8851"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a></emu-nt><emu-t>)</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8852"><a href="#prod-Statement">Statement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="e8d15924"><emu-t>for</emu-t><emu-t>(</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8853"><a href="#prod-LexicalDeclaration">LexicalDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-nt id="_ref_8854"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a></emu-nt><emu-t>;</emu-t><emu-t>)</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8855"><a href="#prod-Statement">Statement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="7f2cbdb0"><emu-t>for</emu-t><emu-t>(</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8856"><a href="#prod-LexicalDeclaration">LexicalDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-nt id="_ref_8857"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a></emu-nt><emu-t>;</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8858"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a></emu-nt><emu-t>)</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8859"><a href="#prod-Statement">Statement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>so, in this example, the nonterminal <emu-nt id="_ref_8860"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-IterationStatement">IterationStatement</a></emu-nt> actually has four alternative right-hand sides.</p>
<p>A production may be parameterized by a subscripted annotation of the form “<sub>[parameters]</sub>”, which may appear as a suffix to the nonterminal symbol defined by the production. “<sub>parameters</sub>”
may be either a single name or a comma separated list of names. A
parameterized production is shorthand for a set of productions defining
all combinations of the parameter names, preceded by an underscore,
appended to the parameterized nonterminal symbol. This means that:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList" params="Return" id="prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">
<emu-nt params="Return"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a><emu-mods><emu-params>[Return]</emu-params></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8861"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8862"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>is a convenient abbreviation for:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8863"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8864"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="StatementList_Return" id="prod-grammar-notation-StatementList_Return">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList_Return">StatementList_Return</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8865"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8866"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>and that:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList" params="Return, In">
<emu-nt params="Return, In"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a><emu-mods><emu-params>[Return, In]</emu-params></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8867"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8868"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>is an abbreviation for:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8869"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8870"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="StatementList_Return">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList_Return">StatementList_Return</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8871"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8872"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="StatementList_In" id="prod-grammar-notation-StatementList_In">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList_In">StatementList_In</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8873"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8874"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="StatementList_Return_In" id="prod-grammar-notation-StatementList_Return_In">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList_Return_In">StatementList_Return_In</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8875"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8876"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>Multiple parameters produce a combinatory number of
productions, not all of which are necessarily referenced in a complete
grammar.</p>
<p>References to nonterminals on the right-hand side of a production can also be parameterized. For example:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8877"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="abb21bdc"><emu-nt params="+In" id="_ref_8878"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a><emu-mods><emu-params>[+In]</emu-params></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>is equivalent to saying:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8879"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="93a8206f"><emu-nt>ExpressionStatement_In</emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>and:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8880"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="70147e05"><emu-nt params="~In" id="_ref_8881"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a><emu-mods><emu-params>[~In]</emu-params></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>is equivalent to:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8882"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8883"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>A nonterminal reference may have both a parameter list and an “<sub>opt</sub>” suffix. For example:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="VariableDeclaration">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="363e22bb"><emu-nt id="_ref_8884"><a href="#prod-BindingIdentifier">BindingIdentifier</a></emu-nt><emu-nt params="+In" optional="" id="_ref_8885"><a href="#prod-Initializer">Initializer</a><emu-mods><emu-params>[+In]</emu-params><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>is an abbreviation for:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="VariableDeclaration">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="50e97238"><emu-nt id="_ref_8886"><a href="#prod-BindingIdentifier">BindingIdentifier</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="693077fa"><emu-nt id="_ref_8887"><a href="#prod-BindingIdentifier">BindingIdentifier</a></emu-nt><emu-nt>Initializer_In</emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>Prefixing a parameter name with “<sub>?</sub>” on a right-hand
side nonterminal reference makes that parameter value dependent upon the
occurrence of the parameter name on the reference to the current
production's left-hand side symbol. For example:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="VariableDeclaration" params="In">
<emu-nt params="In"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a><emu-mods><emu-params>[In]</emu-params></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="dde5478d"><emu-nt id="_ref_8888"><a href="#prod-BindingIdentifier">BindingIdentifier</a></emu-nt><emu-nt params="?In" id="_ref_8889"><a href="#prod-Initializer">Initializer</a><emu-mods><emu-params>[?In]</emu-params></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>is an abbreviation for:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="VariableDeclaration">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="89becb83"><emu-nt id="_ref_8890"><a href="#prod-BindingIdentifier">BindingIdentifier</a></emu-nt><emu-nt id="_ref_8891"><a href="#prod-Initializer">Initializer</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="VariableDeclaration_In" id="prod-grammar-notation-VariableDeclaration_In">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-VariableDeclaration_In">VariableDeclaration_In</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="693077fa"><emu-nt id="_ref_8892"><a href="#prod-BindingIdentifier">BindingIdentifier</a></emu-nt><emu-nt>Initializer_In</emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>If a right-hand side alternative is prefixed with
“[+parameter]” that alternative is only available if the named parameter
was used in referencing the production's nonterminal symbol. If a
right-hand side alternative is prefixed with “[~parameter]” that
alternative is only available if the named parameter was <em>not</em> used in referencing the production's nonterminal symbol. This means that:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList" params="Return">
<emu-nt params="Return"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a><emu-mods><emu-params>[Return]</emu-params></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="a712bea8" constraints="+Return"><emu-constraints>[+Return]</emu-constraints><emu-nt id="_ref_8893"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8894"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>is an abbreviation for:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8895"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="StatementList_Return">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList_Return">StatementList_Return</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8896"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8897"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>and that:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList" params="Return">
<emu-nt params="Return"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a><emu-mods><emu-params>[Return]</emu-params></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="9abebc34" constraints="~Return"><emu-constraints>[~Return]</emu-constraints><emu-nt id="_ref_8898"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8899"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>is an abbreviation for:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="StatementList">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList">StatementList</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="aa6f7913"><emu-nt id="_ref_8900"><a href="#prod-ReturnStatement">ReturnStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8901"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="StatementList_Return">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-StatementList_Return">StatementList_Return</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="82c424b7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8902"><a href="#prod-ExpressionStatement">ExpressionStatement</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>When the words “<b>one of</b>” follow the colon(s) in a grammar
definition, they signify that each of the terminal symbols on the
following line or lines is an alternative definition. For example, the
lexical grammar for ECMAScript contains the production:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="NonZeroDigit" type="lexical" oneof="" id="prod-grammar-notation-NonZeroDigit">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-NonZeroDigit">NonZeroDigit</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>::</emu-geq><emu-oneof>one of</emu-oneof><emu-rhs><emu-t>1</emu-t><emu-t>2</emu-t><emu-t>3</emu-t><emu-t>4</emu-t><emu-t>5</emu-t><emu-t>6</emu-t><emu-t>7</emu-t><emu-t>8</emu-t><emu-t>9</emu-t></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>which is merely a convenient abbreviation for:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="NonZeroDigit" type="lexical">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-NonZeroDigit">NonZeroDigit</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="292aa5dd"><emu-t>1</emu-t></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="5ca73105"><emu-t>2</emu-t></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="ec6bb6b2"><emu-t>3</emu-t></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="58ec4a73"><emu-t>4</emu-t></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="8fcdef77"><emu-t>5</emu-t></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="0b64877d"><emu-t>6</emu-t></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="ea5e07a4"><emu-t>7</emu-t></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="7a5bd8c3"><emu-t>8</emu-t></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="163f4308"><emu-t>9</emu-t></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>If the phrase “[empty]” appears as the right-hand side of a
production, it indicates that the production's right-hand side contains
no terminals or nonterminals.</p>
<p>If the phrase “[lookahead ∉ <var>set</var>]” appears in the
right-hand side of a production, it indicates that the production may
not be used if the immediately following input token sequence is a
member of the given <var>set</var>. The <var>set</var> can be written as
a comma separated list of one or two element terminal sequences
enclosed in curly brackets. For convenience, the set can also be written
as a nonterminal, in which case it represents the set of all terminals
to which that nonterminal could expand. If the <var>set</var> consists of a single terminal the phrase “[lookahead ≠ <var>terminal</var>]” may be used.</p>
<p>For example, given the definitions:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="DecimalDigit" type="lexical" oneof="" id="prod-grammar-notation-DecimalDigit">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-DecimalDigit">DecimalDigit</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>::</emu-geq><emu-oneof>one of</emu-oneof><emu-rhs><emu-t>0</emu-t><emu-t>1</emu-t><emu-t>2</emu-t><emu-t>3</emu-t><emu-t>4</emu-t><emu-t>5</emu-t><emu-t>6</emu-t><emu-t>7</emu-t><emu-t>8</emu-t><emu-t>9</emu-t></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="DecimalDigits" type="lexical" id="prod-grammar-notation-DecimalDigits">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="b3831ee0"><emu-nt id="_ref_8903"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-DecimalDigit">DecimalDigit</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="9f250657"><emu-nt id="_ref_8904"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-nt id="_ref_8905"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-DecimalDigit">DecimalDigit</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>the definition:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="LookaheadExample" type="lexical" id="prod-grammar-notation-LookaheadExample">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-LookaheadExample">LookaheadExample</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="e21e12ce"><emu-t>n</emu-t><emu-gann>[lookahead ∉ { <emu-t>1</emu-t>, <emu-t>3</emu-t>, <emu-t>5</emu-t>, <emu-t>7</emu-t>, <emu-t>9</emu-t> }]</emu-gann><emu-nt id="_ref_8906"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="195cbc6c"><emu-nt id="_ref_8907"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-DecimalDigit">DecimalDigit</a></emu-nt><emu-gann>[lookahead ∉ <emu-nt id="_ref_8908"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-DecimalDigit">DecimalDigit</a></emu-nt>]</emu-gann></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>matches either the letter <code>n</code> followed by one or more decimal digits the first of which is even, or a decimal digit not followed by another decimal digit.</p>
<p>Similarly, if the phrase “[lookahead ∈ <var>set</var>]” appears
in the right-hand side of a production, it indicates that the
production may only be used if the immediately following input token
sequence is a member of the given <var>set</var>. If the <var>set</var> consists of a single terminal the phrase “[lookahead = <var>terminal</var>]” may be used.</p>
<p>If the phrase “[no <emu-nt id="_ref_8909"><a href="#prod-LineTerminator">LineTerminator</a></emu-nt> here]” appears in the right-hand side of a production of the syntactic grammar, it indicates that the production is <em>a restricted production</em>: it may not be used if a <emu-nt id="_ref_8910"><a href="#prod-LineTerminator">LineTerminator</a></emu-nt> occurs in the input stream at the indicated position. For example, the production:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="ThrowStatement" id="prod-grammar-notation-ThrowStatement">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-ThrowStatement">ThrowStatement</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="ff4ec866"><emu-t>throw</emu-t><emu-gann>[no <emu-nt id="_ref_8911"><a href="#prod-LineTerminator">LineTerminator</a></emu-nt> here]</emu-gann><emu-nt id="_ref_8912"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a></emu-nt><emu-t>;</emu-t></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>indicates that the production may not be used if a <emu-nt id="_ref_8913"><a href="#prod-LineTerminator">LineTerminator</a></emu-nt> occurs in the script between the <code>throw</code> token and the <emu-nt id="_ref_8914"><a href="#prod-Expression">Expression</a></emu-nt>.</p>
<p>Unless the presence of a <emu-nt id="_ref_8915"><a href="#prod-LineTerminator">LineTerminator</a></emu-nt> is forbidden by a restricted production, any number of occurrences of <emu-nt id="_ref_8916"><a href="#prod-LineTerminator">LineTerminator</a></emu-nt>
may appear between any two consecutive tokens in the stream of input
elements without affecting the syntactic acceptability of the script.</p>
<p>When an alternative in a production of the lexical grammar or
the numeric string grammar appears to be a multi-code point token, it
represents the sequence of code points that would make up such a token.</p>
<p>The right-hand side of a production may specify that certain expansions are not permitted by using the phrase “<b>but not</b>” and then indicating the expansions to be excluded. For example, the production:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="Identifier" type="lexical" id="prod-grammar-notation-Identifier">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-Identifier">Identifier</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="bfa5c374"><emu-nt id="_ref_8917"><a href="#prod-IdentifierName">IdentifierName</a></emu-nt><emu-gmod>but not <emu-nt id="_ref_8918"><a href="#prod-ReservedWord">ReservedWord</a></emu-nt></emu-gmod></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>means that the nonterminal <emu-nt id="_ref_8919"><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-Identifier">Identifier</a></emu-nt> may be replaced by any sequence of code points that could replace <emu-nt id="_ref_8920"><a href="#prod-IdentifierName">IdentifierName</a></emu-nt> provided that the same sequence of code points could not replace <emu-nt id="_ref_8921"><a href="#prod-ReservedWord">ReservedWord</a></emu-nt>.</p>
<p>Finally, a few nonterminal symbols are described by a
descriptive phrase in sans-serif type in cases where it would be
impractical to list all the alternatives:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="SourceCharacter" type="lexical" id="prod-grammar-notation-SourceCharacter">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-grammar-notation-SourceCharacter">SourceCharacter</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="c64b38bd"><emu-gprose>any Unicode code point</emu-gprose></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-algorithm-conventions">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.2</span>Algorithm Conventions</h1>
<p>The specification often uses a numbered list to specify steps in
an algorithm. These algorithms are used to precisely specify the
required semantics of ECMAScript language constructs. The algorithms are
not intended to imply the use of any specific implementation technique.
In practice, there may be more efficient algorithms available to
implement a given feature.</p>
<p>Algorithms may be explicitly parameterized, in which case the
names and usage of the parameters must be provided as part of the
algorithm's definition.</p>
<p>Algorithm steps may be subdivided into sequential substeps.
Substeps are indented and may themselves be further divided into
indented substeps. Outline numbering conventions are used to identify
substeps with the first level of substeps labelled with lower case
alphabetic characters and the second level of substeps labelled with
lower case roman numerals. If more than three levels are required these
rules repeat with the fourth level using numeric labels. For example:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Top-level step<ol><li>Substep.</li><li>Substep.<ol><li>Subsubstep.<ol><li>Subsubsubstep<ol><li>Subsubsubsubstep<ol><li>Subsubsubsubsubstep
</li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>A step or substep may be written as an “if” predicate that
conditions its substeps. In this case, the substeps are only applied if
the predicate is true. If a step or substep begins with the word “else”,
it is a predicate that is the negation of the preceding “if” predicate
step at the same level.</p>
<p>A step may specify the iterative application of its substeps.</p>
<p>A step that begins with “<dfn id="assert">Assert</dfn>:” asserts
an invariant condition of its algorithm. Such assertions are used to
make explicit algorithmic invariants that would otherwise be implicit.
Such assertions add no additional semantic requirements and hence need
not be checked by an implementation. They are used simply to clarify
algorithms.</p>
<p>Algorithm steps may declare named aliases for any value using the form “Let <var>x</var> be <var>someValue</var>”. These aliases are reference-like in that both <var>x</var> and <var>someValue</var>
refer to the same underlying data and modifications to either are
visible to both. Algorithm steps that want to avoid this reference-like
behaviour should explicitly make a copy of the right-hand side: “Let <var>x</var> be a copy of <var>someValue</var>” creates a shallow copy of <var>someValue</var>.</p>
<p>Once declared, an alias may be referenced in any subsequent steps
and must not be referenced from steps prior to the alias's declaration.
Aliases may be modified using the form “Set <var>x</var> to <var>someOtherValue</var>”.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.2.1</span>Abstract Operations</h1>
<p>In order to facilitate their use in multiple parts of this specification, some algorithms, called <dfn>abstract operations</dfn>,
are named and written in parameterized functional form so that they may
be referenced by name from within other algorithms. Abstract operations
are typically referenced using a functional application style such as
OperationName(<var>arg1</var>, <var>arg2</var>). Some abstract
operations are treated as polymorphically dispatched methods of
class-like specification abstractions. Such method-like abstract
operations are typically referenced using a method application style
such as <var>someValue</var>.OperationName(<var>arg1</var>, <var>arg2</var>).</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-algorithm-conventions-syntax-directed-operations" namespace="algorithm-conventions">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.2.2</span>Syntax-Directed Operations</h1>
<p>A <dfn>syntax-directed operation</dfn> is a named operation
whose definition consists of algorithms, each of which is associated
with one or more productions from one of the ECMAScript grammars. A
production that has multiple alternative definitions will typically have
a distinct algorithm for each alternative. When an algorithm is
associated with a grammar production, it may reference the terminal and
nonterminal symbols of the production alternative as if they were
parameters of the algorithm. When used in this manner, nonterminal
symbols refer to the actual alternative definition that is matched when
parsing the source text. The <dfn>source text matched by</dfn> a
grammar production is the portion of the source text that starts at the
beginning of the first terminal that participated in the match and ends
at the end of the last terminal that participated in the match.</p>
<p>When an algorithm is associated with a production alternative,
the alternative is typically shown without any “[ ]” grammar
annotations. Such annotations should only affect the syntactic
recognition of the alternative and have no effect on the associated
semantics for the alternative.</p>
<p>Syntax-directed operations are invoked with a parse node and,
optionally, other parameters by using the conventions on steps 1, 3, and
4 in the following algorithm:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>status</var> be the result of performing SyntaxDirectedOperation of <emu-nt>SomeNonTerminal</emu-nt>.</li><li>Let <var>someParseNode</var> be the parse of some source text.</li><li>Perform SyntaxDirectedOperation of <var>someParseNode</var>.</li><li>Perform SyntaxDirectedOperation of <var>someParseNode</var> passing <code>"value"</code> as the argument.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>Unless explicitly specified otherwise, all chain productions
have an implicit definition for every operation that might be applied to
that production's left-hand side nonterminal. The implicit definition
simply reapplies the same operation with the same parameters, if any, to
the <emu-xref href="#sec-context-free-grammars" id="_ref_8632"><a href="#sec-context-free-grammars">chain production</a></emu-xref>'s
sole right-hand side nonterminal and then returns the result. For
example, assume that some algorithm has a step of the form: “Return the
result of evaluating <emu-nt id="_ref_8922"><a href="#prod-algorithm-conventions-Block">Block</a></emu-nt>” and that there is a production:</p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="Block" id="prod-algorithm-conventions-Block">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-algorithm-conventions-Block">Block</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="6782c9a7"><emu-t>{</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8923"><a href="#prod-StatementList">StatementList</a></emu-nt><emu-t>}</emu-t></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>but the Evaluation operation does not associate an algorithm
with that production. In that case, the Evaluation operation implicitly
includes an association of the form:</p>
<p><b>Runtime Semantics: Evaluation</b></p>
<emu-grammar type="example"><emu-production name="Block" collapsed="">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-algorithm-conventions-Block">Block</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="6782c9a7"><emu-t>{</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8924"><a href="#prod-StatementList">StatementList</a></emu-nt><emu-t>}</emu-t></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return the result of evaluating <emu-nt id="_ref_8925"><a href="#prod-StatementList">StatementList</a></emu-nt>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-runtime-semantics">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.2.3</span>Runtime Semantics</h1>
<p>Algorithms which specify semantics that must be called at runtime are called <dfn>runtime semantics</dfn>. Runtime semantics are defined by <emu-xref href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" id="_ref_891"><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">abstract operations</a></emu-xref> or syntax-directed operations. Such algorithms always return a completion record.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-implicit-completion-values">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.2.3.1</span>Implicit Completion Values</h1>
<p>The algorithms of this specification often implicitly return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_892"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref> Records whose [[Type]] is <emu-const>normal</emu-const>. Unless it is otherwise obvious from the context, an algorithm statement that returns a value that is not a <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_893"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref>, such as:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <code>"Infinity"</code>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>means the same thing as:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_894"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<code>"Infinity"</code>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>However, if the value expression of a “return” statement is a <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_895"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref> construction literal, the resulting <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_896"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref> is returned. If the value expression is a call to an abstract operation, the “return” statement simply returns the <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_897"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref> produced by the abstract operation.</p>
<p>The abstract operation <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_898"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref>(<var>completionRecord</var>) is used to emphasize that a previously computed <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_899"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref> is being returned. The <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_900"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref> abstract operation takes a single argument, <var>completionRecord</var>, and performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_901"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>completionRecord</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_902"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return <var>completionRecord</var> as the <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_903"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref> of this abstract operation.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>A “return” statement without a value in an algorithm step means the same thing as:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_904"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>Any reference to a <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_905"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref> value that is in a context that does not explicitly require a complete <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_906"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref> value is equivalent to an explicit reference to the [[Value]] field of the <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_907"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref> value unless the <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_908"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref> is an <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_909"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">abrupt completion</a></emu-xref>.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-throw-an-exception">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.2.3.2</span>Throw an Exception</h1>
<p>Algorithms steps that say to throw an exception, such as</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>mean the same things as:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="ThrowCompletion" id="_ref_910"><a href="#sec-throwcompletion">ThrowCompletion</a></emu-xref>(a newly created <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> object).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-returnifabrupt" aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.2.3.3</span>ReturnIfAbrupt</h1>
<p>Algorithms steps that say or are otherwise equivalent to:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_911"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>mean the same thing as:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>argument</var> is an <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_912"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">abrupt completion</a></emu-xref>, return <var>argument</var>.</li><li>Else if <var>argument</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_913"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref>, set <var>argument</var> to <var>argument</var>.[[Value]].
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>Algorithms steps that say or are otherwise equivalent to:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_914"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(AbstractOperation()).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>mean the same thing as:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>hygienicTemp</var> be AbstractOperation().</li><li>If <var>hygienicTemp</var> is an <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_915"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">abrupt completion</a></emu-xref>, return <var>hygienicTemp</var>.</li><li>Else if <var>hygienicTemp</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_916"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref>, set <var>hygienicTemp</var> to <var>hygienicTemp</var>.[[Value]].
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>Where <var>hygienicTemp</var> is ephemeral and visible only in the steps pertaining to ReturnIfAbrupt.</p>
<p>Algorithms steps that say or are otherwise equivalent to:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>result</var> be AbstractOperation(<emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_917"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>)).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>mean the same thing as:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>argument</var> is an <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_918"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">abrupt completion</a></emu-xref>, return <var>argument</var>.</li><li>If <var>argument</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_919"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref>, set <var>argument</var> to <var>argument</var>.[[Value]].</li><li>Let <var>result</var> be AbstractOperation(<var>argument</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-returnifabrupt-shorthands">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.2.3.4</span>ReturnIfAbrupt Shorthands</h1>
<p>Invocations of <emu-xref href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" id="_ref_920"><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">abstract operations</a></emu-xref> and syntax-directed operations that are prefixed by <code>?</code> indicate that <emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_921"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref> should be applied to the resulting <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_922"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref>. For example, the step:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>?&nbsp;OperationName().
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>is equivalent to the following step:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_923"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(OperationName()).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>Similarly, for method application style, the step:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>? <var>someValue</var>.OperationName().
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>is equivalent to:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_924"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(<var>someValue</var>.OperationName()).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>Similarly, prefix <code>!</code> is used to indicate that the following invocation of an abstract or syntax-directed operation will never return an <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_925"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">abrupt completion</a></emu-xref> and that the resulting <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_926"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref>'s [[Value]] field should be used in place of the return value of the operation. For example, the step:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>val</var> be !&nbsp;OperationName().
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>is equivalent to the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>val</var> be OperationName().</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_927"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>val</var> is never an <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_928"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">abrupt completion</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If <var>val</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_929"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref>, set <var>val</var> to <var>val</var>.[[Value]].
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>Syntax-directed operations for <emu-xref href="#sec-runtime-semantics" id="_ref_930"><a href="#sec-runtime-semantics">runtime semantics</a></emu-xref> make use of this shorthand by placing <code>!</code> or <code>?</code> before the invocation of the operation:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Perform ! SyntaxDirectedOperation of <emu-nt>NonTerminal</emu-nt>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-static-semantic-rules">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.2.4</span>Static Semantics</h1>
<p>Context-free grammars are not sufficiently powerful to express
all the rules that define whether a stream of input elements form a
valid ECMAScript <emu-nt id="_ref_8926"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> or <emu-nt id="_ref_8927"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>
that may be evaluated. In some situations additional rules are needed
that may be expressed using either ECMAScript algorithm conventions or
prose requirements. Such rules are always associated with a production
of a grammar and are called the <dfn>static semantics</dfn> of the production.</p>
<p>Static Semantic Rules have names and typically are defined
using an algorithm. Named Static Semantic Rules are associated with
grammar productions and a production that has multiple alternative
definitions will typically have for each alternative a distinct
algorithm for each applicable named static semantic rule.</p>
<p>Unless otherwise specified every grammar production alternative
in this specification implicitly has a definition for a static semantic
rule named Contains which takes an argument named <var>symbol</var>
whose value is a terminal or nonterminal of the grammar that includes
the associated production. The default definition of Contains is:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>For each child node <var>child</var> of this <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_931"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref>, do<ol><li>If <var>child</var> is an instance of <var>symbol</var>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>child</var> is an instance of a nonterminal, then<ol><li>Let <var>contained</var> be the result of <var>child</var> Contains <var>symbol</var>.</li><li>If <var>contained</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>The above definition is explicitly over-ridden for specific productions.</p>
<p>A special kind of static semantic rule is an <dfn id="early-error-rule">Early Error Rule</dfn>. <emu-xref href="#early-error" id="_ref_932"><a href="#early-error">Early error</a></emu-xref> rules define <emu-xref href="#early-error" id="_ref_933"><a href="#early-error">early error</a></emu-xref> conditions (see clause <emu-xref href="#sec-error-handling-and-language-extensions" id="_ref_13"><a href="#sec-error-handling-and-language-extensions">16</a></emu-xref>) that are associated with specific grammar productions. Evaluation of most <emu-xref href="#early-error" id="_ref_934"><a href="#early-error">early error</a></emu-xref>
rules are not explicitly invoked within the algorithms of this
specification. A conforming implementation must, prior to the first
evaluation of a <emu-nt id="_ref_8928"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> or <emu-nt id="_ref_8929"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>, validate all of the <emu-xref href="#early-error" id="_ref_935"><a href="#early-error">early error</a></emu-xref> rules of the productions used to parse that <emu-nt id="_ref_8930"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> or <emu-nt id="_ref_8931"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>. If any of the <emu-xref href="#early-error" id="_ref_936"><a href="#early-error">early error</a></emu-xref> rules are violated the <emu-nt id="_ref_8932"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> or <emu-nt id="_ref_8933"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt> is invalid and cannot be evaluated.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-mathematical-operations">
<h1><span class="secnum">5.2.5</span>Mathematical Operations</h1>
<p>Mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction,
negation, multiplication, division, and the mathematical functions
defined later in this clause should always be understood as computing
exact mathematical results on mathematical real numbers, which unless
otherwise noted do not include infinities and do not include a negative
zero that is distinguished from positive zero. Algorithms in this
standard that model floating-point arithmetic include explicit steps,
where necessary, to handle infinities and signed zero and to perform
rounding. If a mathematical operation or function is applied to a
floating-point number, it should be understood as being applied to the
exact mathematical value represented by that floating-point number; such
a floating-point number must be finite, and if it is <emu-val>+0</emu-val> or <emu-val>-0</emu-val> then the corresponding mathematical value is simply 0.</p>
<p>The mathematical function <emu-eqn id="eqn-abs" aoid="abs" class="inline">abs(<var>x</var>)</emu-eqn> produces the absolute value of <var>x</var>, which is <emu-eqn class="inline">-<var>x</var></emu-eqn> if <var>x</var> is negative (less than zero) and otherwise is <var>x</var> itself.</p>
<p>The mathematical function <emu-eqn id="eqn-min" aoid="min" class="inline">min(<var>x1</var>, <var>x2</var>, ..., <var>xN</var>)</emu-eqn> produces the mathematically smallest of <emu-eqn class="inline"><var>x1</var></emu-eqn> through <emu-eqn class="inline"><var>xN</var></emu-eqn>. The mathematical function <emu-eqn id="eqn-max" aoid="max" class="inline">max(<var>x1</var>, <var>x2</var>, ..., <var>xN</var>)</emu-eqn> produces the mathematically largest of <emu-eqn class="inline"><var>x1</var></emu-eqn> through <emu-eqn class="inline"><var>xN</var></emu-eqn>. The domain and range of these mathematical functions include <emu-val>+∞</emu-val> and <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>.</p>
<p>The notation “<emu-eqn id="eqn-modulo" aoid="modulo" class="inline"><var>x</var> modulo <var>y</var></emu-eqn>” (<var>y</var> must be finite and nonzero) computes a value <var>k</var> of the same sign as <var>y</var> (or zero) such that <emu-eqn class="inline"><emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_937"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>k</var>) &lt; <emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_938"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>) and <var>x</var> - <var>k</var> = <var>q</var> × <var>y</var></emu-eqn> for some integer <var>q</var>.</p>
<p>The mathematical function <emu-eqn id="eqn-floor" aoid="floor" class="inline">floor(<var>x</var>)</emu-eqn> produces the largest integer (closest to positive infinity) that is not larger than <var>x</var>.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p><emu-eqn class="inline"><emu-xref aoid="floor" id="_ref_939"><a href="#eqn-floor">floor</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) = <var>x</var> - (<var>x</var> <emu-xref aoid="modulo" id="_ref_940"><a href="#eqn-modulo">modulo</a></emu-xref> 1)</emu-eqn>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values" aoid="Type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6</span>ECMAScript Data Types and Values</h1>
<p>Algorithms within this specification manipulate values each of
which has an associated type. The possible value types are exactly those
defined in this clause. Types are further subclassified into ECMAScript
language types and specification types.</p>
<p>Within this specification, the notation “Type(<var>x</var>)” is used as shorthand for “the <dfn id="type">type</dfn> of <var>x</var>”
where “type” refers to the ECMAScript language and specification types
defined in this clause. When the term “empty” is used as if it was
naming a value, it is equivalent to saying “no value of any type”.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-language-types">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1</span>ECMAScript Language Types</h1>
<p>An <dfn>ECMAScript language type</dfn> corresponds to values
that are directly manipulated by an ECMAScript programmer using the
ECMAScript language. The ECMAScript language types are Undefined, Null,
Boolean, String, Symbol, Number, and Object. An <dfn>ECMAScript language value</dfn> is a value that is characterized by an ECMAScript language type.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-language-types-undefined-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.1</span>The Undefined Type</h1>
<p>The Undefined type has exactly one value, called <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>. Any variable that has not been assigned a value has the value <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-language-types-null-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.2</span>The Null Type</h1>
<p>The Null type has exactly one value, called <emu-val>null</emu-val>.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-language-types-boolean-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.3</span>The Boolean Type</h1>
<p>The Boolean type represents a logical entity having two values, called <emu-val>true</emu-val> and <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.4</span>The String Type</h1>
<p>The String type is the set of all ordered sequences of zero or
more 16-bit unsigned integer values (“elements”) up to a maximum length
of 2<sup>53</sup> - 1 elements. The String type is generally used to
represent textual data in a running ECMAScript program, in which case
each element in the String is treated as a UTF-16 code unit value. Each
element is regarded as occupying a position within the sequence. These
positions are indexed with nonnegative integers. The first element (if
any) is at index 0, the next element (if any) at index 1, and so on. The
length of a String is the number of elements (i.e., 16-bit values)
within it. The empty String has length zero and therefore contains no
elements.</p>
<p>ECMAScript operations that do not interpret String contents
apply no further semantics. Operations that do interpret String values
treat each element as a single UTF-16 code unit. However, ECMAScript
does not restrict the value of or relationships between these code
units, so operations that further interpret String contents as sequences
of Unicode code points encoded in UTF-16 must account for ill-formed
subsequences. Such operations apply special treatment to every code unit
with a numeric value in the inclusive range 0xD800 to 0xDBFF (defined
by the Unicode Standard as a <dfn id="leading-surrogate">leading surrogate</dfn>, or more formally as a <dfn id="high-surrogate-code-unit">high-surrogate code unit</dfn>) and every code unit with a numeric value in the inclusive range 0xDC00 to 0xDFFF (defined as a <dfn id="trailing-surrogate">trailing surrogate</dfn>, or more formally as a <dfn id="low-surrogate-code-unit">low-surrogate code unit</dfn>) using the following rules:</p>
<ul>
<li>
A code unit that is not a <emu-xref href="#leading-surrogate" id="_ref_14"><a href="#leading-surrogate">leading surrogate</a></emu-xref> and not a <emu-xref href="#trailing-surrogate" id="_ref_15"><a href="#trailing-surrogate">trailing surrogate</a></emu-xref> is interpreted as a code point with the same value.
</li>
<li>
A sequence of two code units, where the first code unit <var>c1</var> is a <emu-xref href="#leading-surrogate" id="_ref_16"><a href="#leading-surrogate">leading surrogate</a></emu-xref> and the second code unit <var>c2</var> a <emu-xref href="#trailing-surrogate" id="_ref_17"><a href="#trailing-surrogate">trailing surrogate</a></emu-xref>, is a <dfn id="surrogate-pair">surrogate pair</dfn> and is interpreted as a code point with the value (<var>c1</var> - 0xD800) × 0x400 + (<var>c2</var> - 0xDC00) + 0x10000. (See <emu-xref href="#sec-utf16decode" id="_ref_18"><a href="#sec-utf16decode">10.1.2</a></emu-xref>)
</li>
<li>
A code unit that is a <emu-xref href="#leading-surrogate" id="_ref_19"><a href="#leading-surrogate">leading surrogate</a></emu-xref> or <emu-xref href="#trailing-surrogate" id="_ref_20"><a href="#trailing-surrogate">trailing surrogate</a></emu-xref>, but is not part of a <emu-xref href="#surrogate-pair" id="_ref_21"><a href="#surrogate-pair">surrogate pair</a></emu-xref>, is interpreted as a code point with the same value.
</li>
</ul>
<p>The function <code>String.prototype.normalize</code> (see <emu-xref href="#sec-string.prototype.normalize" id="_ref_22"><a href="#sec-string.prototype.normalize">21.1.3.12</a></emu-xref>) can be used to explicitly normalize a String value. <code>String.prototype.localeCompare</code> (see <emu-xref href="#sec-string.prototype.localecompare" id="_ref_23"><a href="#sec-string.prototype.localecompare">21.1.3.10</a></emu-xref>)
internally normalizes String values, but no other operations implicitly
normalize the strings upon which they operate. Only operations that are
explicitly specified to be language or locale sensitive produce
language-sensitive results.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The rationale behind this design was to keep the
implementation of Strings as simple and high-performing as possible. If
ECMAScript source text is in Normalized Form C, string literals are
guaranteed to also be normalized, as long as they do not contain any
Unicode escape sequences.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<p>In this specification, the phrase "the <dfn>string-concatenation</dfn> of <var>A</var>, <var>B</var>,
..." (where each argument is a String value, a code unit, or a sequence
of code units) denotes the String value whose sequence of code units is
the concatenation of the code units (in order) of each of the arguments
(in order).</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-language-types-symbol-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.5</span>The Symbol Type</h1>
<p>The Symbol type is the set of all non-String values that may be used as the key of an Object property (<emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_24"><a href="#sec-object-type">6.1.7</a></emu-xref>).</p>
<p>Each possible Symbol value is unique and immutable.</p>
<p>Each Symbol value immutably holds an associated value called [[Description]] that is either <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> or a String value.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-well-known-symbols">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.5.1</span>Well-Known Symbols</h1>
<p>Well-known symbols are built-in Symbol values that are
explicitly referenced by algorithms of this specification. They are
typically used as the keys of properties whose values serve as extension
points of a specification algorithm. Unless otherwise specified,
well-known symbols values are shared by all realms (<emu-xref href="#sec-code-realms" id="_ref_25"><a href="#sec-code-realms">8.2</a></emu-xref>).</p>
<p>Within this specification a well-known symbol is referred to
by using a notation of the form @@name, where “name” is one of the
values listed in <emu-xref href="#table-1" id="_ref_26"><a href="#table-1">Table 1</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-1" caption="Well-known Symbols"><figure><figcaption>Table 1: Well-known Symbols</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Specification Name
</th>
<th>
[[Description]]
</th>
<th>
Value and Purpose
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@asyncIterator
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.asyncIterator"</code>
</td>
<td>
A method that returns the default AsyncIterator for an object. Called by the semantics of the <code>for</code>-<code>await</code>-<code>of</code> statement.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@hasInstance
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.hasInstance"</code>
</td>
<td>
A method that determines if a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_941"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> object recognizes an object as one of the <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_942"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>'s instances. Called by the semantics of the <code>instanceof</code> operator.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@isConcatSpreadable
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.isConcatSpreadable"</code>
</td>
<td>
A Boolean valued property that if true indicates that an object should be flattened to its array elements by <emu-xref href="#sec-array.prototype.concat" id="_ref_27"><a href="#sec-array.prototype.concat"><code>Array.prototype.concat</code></a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@iterator
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.iterator"</code>
</td>
<td>
A method that returns the default Iterator for an object. Called by the semantics of the for-of statement.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@match
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.match"</code>
</td>
<td>
A regular expression method that matches the regular expression against a string. Called by the <emu-xref href="#sec-string.prototype.match" id="_ref_28"><a href="#sec-string.prototype.match"><code>String.prototype.match</code></a></emu-xref> method.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@replace
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.replace"</code>
</td>
<td>
A regular expression method that replaces matched substrings of a string. Called by the <emu-xref href="#sec-string.prototype.replace" id="_ref_29"><a href="#sec-string.prototype.replace"><code>String.prototype.replace</code></a></emu-xref> method.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@search
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.search"</code>
</td>
<td>
A regular expression method that returns the index
within a string that matches the regular expression. Called by the <emu-xref href="#sec-string.prototype.search" id="_ref_30"><a href="#sec-string.prototype.search"><code>String.prototype.search</code></a></emu-xref> method.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@species
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.species"</code>
</td>
<td>
A function valued property that is the <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_943"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> function that is used to create derived objects.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@split
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.split"</code>
</td>
<td>
A regular expression method that splits a string at the
indices that match the regular expression. Called by the <emu-xref href="#sec-string.prototype.split" id="_ref_31"><a href="#sec-string.prototype.split"><code>String.prototype.split</code></a></emu-xref> method.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@toPrimitive
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.toPrimitive"</code>
</td>
<td>
A method that converts an object to a corresponding primitive value. Called by the <emu-xref aoid="ToPrimitive" id="_ref_944"><a href="#sec-toprimitive">ToPrimitive</a></emu-xref> abstract operation.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@toStringTag
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.toStringTag"</code>
</td>
<td>
A String valued property that is used in the creation of
the default string description of an object. Accessed by the built-in
method <emu-xref href="#sec-object.prototype.tostring" id="_ref_32"><a href="#sec-object.prototype.tostring"><code>Object.prototype.toString</code></a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
@@unscopables
</td>
<td>
<code>"Symbol.unscopables"</code>
</td>
<td>
An object valued property whose own and inherited property names are property names that are excluded from the <code>with</code> environment bindings of the associated object.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-language-types-number-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.6</span>The Number Type</h1>
<p>The Number type has exactly 18437736874454810627 (that is, <emu-eqn class="inline">2<sup>64</sup> - 2<sup>53</sup> + 3</emu-eqn>)
values, representing the double-precision 64-bit format IEEE 754-2008
values as specified in the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point
Arithmetic, except that the 9007199254740990 (that is, <emu-eqn class="inline">2<sup>53</sup> - 2</emu-eqn>) distinct “Not-a-Number” values of the IEEE Standard are represented in ECMAScript as a single special <emu-val>NaN</emu-val> value. (Note that the <emu-val>NaN</emu-val> value is produced by the program expression <code>NaN</code>.)
In some implementations, external code might be able to detect a
difference between various Not-a-Number values, but such behaviour is
implementation-dependent; to ECMAScript code, all <emu-val>NaN</emu-val> values are indistinguishable from each other.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The bit pattern that might be observed in an ArrayBuffer (see <emu-xref href="#sec-arraybuffer-objects" id="_ref_33"><a href="#sec-arraybuffer-objects">24.1</a></emu-xref>) or a SharedArrayBuffer (see <emu-xref href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-objects" id="_ref_34"><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-objects">24.2</a></emu-xref>)
after a Number value has been stored into it is not necessarily the
same as the internal representation of that Number value used by the
ECMAScript implementation.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<p>There are two other special values, called <emu-val>positive Infinity</emu-val> and <emu-val>negative Infinity</emu-val>. For brevity, these values are also referred to for expository purposes by the symbols <emu-val>+∞</emu-val> and <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>, respectively. (Note that these two infinite Number values are produced by the program expressions <code>+Infinity</code> (or simply <code>Infinity</code>) and <code>-Infinity</code>.)</p>
<p>The other 18437736874454810624 (that is, <emu-eqn class="inline">2<sup>64</sup> - 2<sup>53</sup></emu-eqn>)
values are called the finite numbers. Half of these are positive
numbers and half are negative numbers; for every finite positive Number
value there is a corresponding negative value having the same magnitude.</p>
<p>Note that there is both a <emu-val>positive zero</emu-val> and a <emu-val>negative zero</emu-val>. For brevity, these values are also referred to for expository purposes by the symbols <emu-val>+0</emu-val> and <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, respectively. (Note that these two different zero Number values are produced by the program expressions <code>+0</code> (or simply <code>0</code>) and <code>-0</code>.)</p>
<p>The 18437736874454810622 (that is, <emu-eqn class="inline">2<sup>64</sup> - 2<sup>53</sup> - 2</emu-eqn>) finite nonzero values are of two kinds:</p>
<p>18428729675200069632 (that is, <emu-eqn class="inline">2<sup>64</sup> - 2<sup>54</sup></emu-eqn>) of them are normalized, having the form</p>
<div class="math-display">
<var>s</var> × <var>m</var> × 2<sup><var>e</var></sup>
</div>
<p>where <var>s</var> is +1 or -1, <var>m</var> is a positive integer less than 2<sup>53</sup> but not less than 2<sup>52</sup>, and <var>e</var> is an integer ranging from -1074 to 971, inclusive.</p>
<p>The remaining 9007199254740990 (that is, <emu-eqn class="inline">2<sup>53</sup> - 2</emu-eqn>) values are denormalized, having the form</p>
<div class="math-display">
<var>s</var> × <var>m</var> × 2<sup><var>e</var></sup>
</div>
<p>where <var>s</var> is +1 or -1, <var>m</var> is a positive integer less than 2<sup>52</sup>, and <var>e</var> is -1074.</p>
<p>Note that all the positive and negative integers whose magnitude is no greater than 2<sup>53</sup> are representable in the Number type (indeed, the integer 0 has two representations, <emu-val>+0</emu-val> and <emu-val>-0</emu-val>).</p>
<p>A finite number has an <em>odd significand</em> if it is nonzero and the integer <var>m</var> used to express it (in one of the two forms shown above) is odd. Otherwise, it has an <em>even significand</em>.</p>
<p>In this specification, the phrase “the Number value for <var>x</var>” where <var>x</var>
represents an exact real mathematical quantity (which might even be an
irrational number such as π) means a Number value chosen in the
following manner. Consider the set of all finite values of the Number
type, with <emu-val>-0</emu-val> removed and with two additional values added to it that are not representable in the Number type, namely 2<sup>1024</sup> (which is <emu-eqn class="inline">+1 × 2<sup>53</sup> × 2<sup>971</sup></emu-eqn>) and <emu-eqn class="inline">-2<sup>1024</sup></emu-eqn> (which is <emu-eqn class="inline">-1 × 2<sup>53</sup> × 2<sup>971</sup></emu-eqn>). Choose the member of this set that is closest in value to <var>x</var>.
If two values of the set are equally close, then the one with an even
significand is chosen; for this purpose, the two extra values 2<sup>1024</sup> and <emu-eqn class="inline">-2<sup>1024</sup></emu-eqn> are considered to have even significands. Finally, if 2<sup>1024</sup> was chosen, replace it with <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>; if <emu-eqn class="inline">-2<sup>1024</sup></emu-eqn> was chosen, replace it with <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>; if <emu-val>+0</emu-val> was chosen, replace it with <emu-val>-0</emu-val> if and only if <var>x</var> is less than zero; any other chosen value is used unchanged. The result is the Number value for <var>x</var>. (This procedure corresponds exactly to the behaviour of the IEEE 754-2008 “round to nearest, ties to even” mode.)</p>
<p>Some ECMAScript operators deal only with integers in specific ranges such as <emu-eqn class="inline">-2<sup>31</sup></emu-eqn> through <emu-eqn class="inline">2<sup>31</sup> - 1</emu-eqn>, inclusive, or in the range 0 through <emu-eqn class="inline">2<sup>16</sup> - 1</emu-eqn>,
inclusive. These operators accept any value of the Number type but
first convert each such value to an integer value in the expected range.
See the descriptions of the numeric conversion operations in <emu-xref href="#sec-type-conversion" id="_ref_35"><a href="#sec-type-conversion">7.1</a></emu-xref>.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.7</span>The Object Type</h1>
<p>An Object is logically a collection of properties. Each property is either a data property, or an accessor property:</p>
<ul>
<li>
A <dfn>data property</dfn> associates a key value with an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_945"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref> and a set of Boolean attributes.
</li>
<li>
An <dfn>accessor property</dfn> associates a key value with
one or two accessor functions, and a set of Boolean attributes. The
accessor functions are used to store or retrieve an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_946"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref> that is associated with the property.
</li>
</ul>
<p>Properties are identified using key values. A property key
value is either an ECMAScript String value or a Symbol value. All String
and Symbol values, including the empty string, are valid as property
keys. A <dfn id="property-name">property name</dfn> is a property key that is a String value.</p>
<p>An <dfn id="integer-index">integer index</dfn> is a String-valued property key that is a canonical numeric String (see <emu-xref href="#sec-canonicalnumericindexstring" id="_ref_36"><a href="#sec-canonicalnumericindexstring">7.1.16</a></emu-xref>) and whose numeric value is either <emu-val>+0</emu-val> or a positive integer ≤ 2<sup>53</sup> - 1. An <dfn id="array-index">array index</dfn> is an <emu-xref href="#integer-index" id="_ref_947"><a href="#integer-index">integer index</a></emu-xref> whose numeric value <var>i</var> is in the range <emu-eqn class="inline">+0 ≤ <var>i</var> &lt; 2<sup>32</sup> - 1</emu-eqn>.</p>
<p>Property keys are used to access properties and their values. There are two kinds of access for properties: <em>get</em> and <em>set</em>,
corresponding to value retrieval and assignment, respectively. The
properties accessible via get and set access includes both <em>own properties</em> that are a direct part of an object and <em>inherited properties</em>
which are provided by another associated object via a property
inheritance relationship. Inherited properties may be either own or
inherited properties of the associated object. Each own property of an
object must each have a key value that is distinct from the key values
of the other own properties of that object.</p>
<p>All objects are logically collections of properties, but there
are multiple forms of objects that differ in their semantics for
accessing and manipulating their properties. <dfn id="ordinary-objects">Ordinary objects</dfn> are the most common form of objects and have the default object semantics. An <dfn id="exotic-object">exotic object</dfn> is any form of object whose property semantics differ in any way from the default semantics.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-property-attributes">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.7.1</span>Property Attributes</h1>
<p>Attributes are used in this specification to define and explain the state of Object properties. A <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_948"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> associates a key value with the attributes listed in <emu-xref href="#table-2" id="_ref_37"><a href="#table-2">Table 2</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-2" caption="Attributes of a Data Property"><figure><figcaption>Table 2: Attributes of a Data Property</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Attribute Name
</th>
<th>
Value Domain
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Value]]
</td>
<td>
Any <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_949"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language type</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
The value retrieved by a get access of the property.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Writable]]
</td>
<td>
Boolean
</td>
<td>
If <emu-val>false</emu-val>, attempts by ECMAScript code to change the property's [[Value]] attribute using [[Set]] will not succeed.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Enumerable]]
</td>
<td>
Boolean
</td>
<td>
If <emu-val>true</emu-val>, the property will be enumerated by a for-in enumeration (see <emu-xref href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements" id="_ref_38"><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements">13.7.5</a></emu-xref>). Otherwise, the property is said to be non-enumerable.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Configurable]]
</td>
<td>
Boolean
</td>
<td>
If <emu-val>false</emu-val>, attempts to delete the property, change the property to be an <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_950"><a href="#sec-object-type">accessor property</a></emu-xref>, or change its attributes (other than [[Value]], or changing [[Writable]] to <emu-val>false</emu-val>) will fail.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>An <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_951"><a href="#sec-object-type">accessor property</a></emu-xref> associates a key value with the attributes listed in <emu-xref href="#table-3" id="_ref_39"><a href="#table-3">Table 3</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-3" caption="Attributes of an Accessor Property"><figure><figcaption>Table 3: Attributes of an Accessor Property</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Attribute Name
</th>
<th>
Value Domain
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Get]]
</td>
<td>
Object | Undefined
</td>
<td>
If the value is an Object it must be a <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_952"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>. The function's [[Call]] internal method (<emu-xref href="#table-6" id="_ref_40"><a href="#table-6">Table 6</a></emu-xref>) is called with an empty arguments list to retrieve the property value each time a get access of the property is performed.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Set]]
</td>
<td>
Object | Undefined
</td>
<td>
If the value is an Object it must be a <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_953"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>. The function's [[Call]] internal method (<emu-xref href="#table-6" id="_ref_41"><a href="#table-6">Table 6</a></emu-xref>)
is called with an arguments list containing the assigned value as its
sole argument each time a set access of the property is performed. The
effect of a property's [[Set]] internal method may, but is not required
to, have an effect on the value returned by subsequent calls to the
property's [[Get]] internal method.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Enumerable]]
</td>
<td>
Boolean
</td>
<td>
If <emu-val>true</emu-val>, the property is to be enumerated by a for-in enumeration (see <emu-xref href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements" id="_ref_42"><a href="#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements">13.7.5</a></emu-xref>). Otherwise, the property is said to be non-enumerable.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Configurable]]
</td>
<td>
Boolean
</td>
<td>
If <emu-val>false</emu-val>, attempts to delete the property, change the property to be a <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_954"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref>, or change its attributes will fail.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>If the initial values of a property's attributes are not
explicitly specified by this specification, the default value defined in
<emu-xref href="#table-4" id="_ref_43"><a href="#table-4">Table 4</a></emu-xref> is used.</p>
<emu-table id="table-4" caption="Default Attribute Values"><figure><figcaption>Table 4: Default Attribute Values</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Attribute Name
</th>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Value]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Get]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Set]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Writable]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-val>false</emu-val>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Enumerable]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-val>false</emu-val>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Configurable]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-val>false</emu-val>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.7.2</span>Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots</h1>
<p>The actual semantics of objects, in ECMAScript, are specified via algorithms called <em>internal methods</em>.
Each object in an ECMAScript engine is associated with a set of
internal methods that defines its runtime behaviour. These internal
methods are not part of the ECMAScript language. They are defined by
this specification purely for expository purposes. However, each object
within an implementation of ECMAScript must behave as specified by the
internal methods associated with it. The exact manner in which this is
accomplished is determined by the implementation.</p>
<p>Internal method names are polymorphic. This means that
different object values may perform different algorithms when a common
internal method name is invoked upon them. That actual object upon which
an internal method is invoked is the “target” of the invocation. If, at
runtime, the implementation of an algorithm attempts to use an internal
method of an object that the object does not support, a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception is thrown.</p>
<p>Internal slots correspond to internal state that is
associated with objects and used by various ECMAScript specification
algorithms. Internal slots are not object properties and they are not
inherited. Depending upon the specific internal slot specification, such
state may consist of values of any <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_955"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language type</a></emu-xref>
or of specific ECMAScript specification type values. Unless explicitly
specified otherwise, internal slots are allocated as part of the process
of creating an object and may not be dynamically added to an object.
Unless specified otherwise, the initial value of an internal slot is the
value <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>. Various algorithms within this
specification create objects that have internal slots. However, the
ECMAScript language provides no direct way to associate internal slots
with an object.</p>
<p>Internal methods and internal slots are identified within
this specification using names enclosed in double square brackets [[ ]].</p>
<p><emu-xref href="#table-5" id="_ref_44"><a href="#table-5">Table 5</a></emu-xref> summarizes the <em>essential internal methods</em>
used by this specification that are applicable to all objects created
or manipulated by ECMAScript code. Every object must have algorithms for
all of the essential internal methods. However, all objects do not
necessarily use the same algorithms for those methods.</p>
<p>The “Signature” column of <emu-xref href="#table-5" id="_ref_45"><a href="#table-5">Table 5</a></emu-xref>
and other similar tables describes the invocation pattern for each
internal method. The invocation pattern always includes a parenthesized
list of descriptive parameter names. If a parameter name is the same as
an ECMAScript type name then the name describes the required type of the
parameter value. If an internal method explicitly returns a value, its
parameter list is followed by the symbol “→” and the type name of the
returned value. The type names used in signatures refer to the types
defined in clause <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values" id="_ref_46"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">6</a></emu-xref> augmented by the following additional names. “<em>any</em>” means the value may be any <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_956"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language type</a></emu-xref>. An internal method implicitly returns a <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_957"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref>. In addition to its parameters, an internal method always has access to the object that is the target of the method invocation.</p>
<emu-table id="table-5" caption="Essential Internal Methods"><figure><figcaption>Table 5: Essential Internal Methods</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Internal Method
</th>
<th>
Signature
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[GetPrototypeOf]]
</td>
<td>
( ) <b>→</b> Object | Null
</td>
<td>
Determine the object that provides inherited properties for this object. A <emu-val>null</emu-val> value indicates that there are no inherited properties.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[SetPrototypeOf]]
</td>
<td>
(Object | Null) <b>→</b> Boolean
</td>
<td>
Associate this object with another object that provides inherited properties. Passing <emu-val>null</emu-val> indicates that there are no inherited properties. Returns <emu-val>true</emu-val> indicating that the operation was completed successfully or <emu-val>false</emu-val> indicating that the operation was not successful.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[IsExtensible]]
</td>
<td>
( ) <b>→</b> Boolean
</td>
<td>
Determine whether it is permitted to add additional properties to this object.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[PreventExtensions]]
</td>
<td>
( ) <b>→</b> Boolean
</td>
<td>
Control whether new properties may be added to this object. Returns <emu-val>true</emu-val> if the operation was successful or <emu-val>false</emu-val> if the operation was unsuccessful.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[GetOwnProperty]]
</td>
<td>
(<var>propertyKey</var>) <b>→</b> Undefined | <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_958"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
Return a <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_959"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> for the own property of this object whose key is <var>propertyKey</var>, or <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> if no such property exists.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[DefineOwnProperty]]
</td>
<td>
(<var>propertyKey</var>, <var>PropertyDescriptor</var>) <b>→</b> Boolean
</td>
<td>
Create or alter the own property, whose key is <var>propertyKey</var>, to have the state described by <var>PropertyDescriptor</var>. Return <emu-val>true</emu-val> if that property was successfully created/updated or <emu-val>false</emu-val> if the property could not be created or updated.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[HasProperty]]
</td>
<td>
(<var>propertyKey</var>) <b>→</b> Boolean
</td>
<td>
Return a Boolean value indicating whether this object
already has either an own or inherited property whose key is <var>propertyKey</var>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Get]]
</td>
<td>
(<var>propertyKey</var>, <var>Receiver</var>) <b>→</b> <em>any</em>
</td>
<td>
Return the value of the property whose key is <var>propertyKey</var> from this object. If any ECMAScript code must be executed to retrieve the property value, <var>Receiver</var> is used as the <emu-val>this</emu-val> value when evaluating the code.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Set]]
</td>
<td>
(<var>propertyKey</var>, <var>value</var>, <var>Receiver</var>) <b>→</b> Boolean
</td>
<td>
Set the value of the property whose key is <var>propertyKey</var> to <var>value</var>. If any ECMAScript code must be executed to set the property value, <var>Receiver</var> is used as the <emu-val>this</emu-val> value when evaluating the code. Returns <emu-val>true</emu-val> if the property value was set or <emu-val>false</emu-val> if it could not be set.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Delete]]
</td>
<td>
(<var>propertyKey</var>) <b>→</b> Boolean
</td>
<td>
Remove the own property whose key is <var>propertyKey</var> from this object. Return <emu-val>false</emu-val> if the property was not deleted and is still present. Return <emu-val>true</emu-val> if the property was deleted or is not present.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[OwnPropertyKeys]]
</td>
<td>
( ) <b>→</b> <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_960"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of propertyKey
</td>
<td>
Return a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_961"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> whose elements are all of the own property keys for the object.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p><emu-xref href="#table-6" id="_ref_47"><a href="#table-6">Table 6</a></emu-xref> summarizes additional essential internal methods that are supported by objects that may be called as functions. A <dfn id="function-object">function object</dfn> is an object that supports the [[Call]] internal method. A <dfn id="constructor">constructor</dfn>
is an object that supports the [[Construct]] internal method. Every
object that supports [[Construct]] must support [[Call]]; that is, every
<emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_962"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> must be a <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_963"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>. Therefore, a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_964"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> may also be referred to as a <em><emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_965"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> function</em> or <em><emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_966"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_967"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref></em>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-6" caption="Additional Essential Internal Methods of Function Objects"><figure><figcaption>Table 6: Additional Essential Internal Methods of Function Objects</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Internal Method
</th>
<th>
Signature
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Call]]
</td>
<td>
(<em>any</em>, a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_968"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of <em>any</em>) <b>→</b> <em>any</em>
</td>
<td>
Executes code associated with this object. Invoked via a
function call expression. The arguments to the internal method are a <emu-val>this</emu-val>
value and a list containing the arguments passed to the function by a
call expression. Objects that implement this internal method are <em>callable</em>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Construct]]
</td>
<td>
(a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_969"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of <em>any</em>, Object) <b>→</b> Object
</td>
<td>
Creates an object. Invoked via the <code>new</code> or <code>super</code>
operators. The first argument to the internal method is a list
containing the arguments of the operator. The second argument is the
object to which the <code>new</code> operator was initially applied. Objects that implement this internal method are called <em>constructors</em>. A <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_970"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> is not necessarily a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_971"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> and such non-<emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_972"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> function objects do not have a [[Construct]] internal method.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>The semantics of the essential internal methods for ordinary objects and standard exotic objects are specified in clause <emu-xref href="#sec-ordinary-and-exotic-objects-behaviours" id="_ref_48"><a href="#sec-ordinary-and-exotic-objects-behaviours">9</a></emu-xref>. If any specified use of an internal method of an <emu-xref href="#exotic-object" id="_ref_973"><a href="#exotic-object">exotic object</a></emu-xref> is not supported by an implementation, that usage must throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception when attempted.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-invariants-of-the-essential-internal-methods">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.7.3</span>Invariants of the Essential Internal Methods</h1>
<p>The Internal Methods of Objects of an ECMAScript engine must
conform to the list of invariants specified below. Ordinary ECMAScript
Objects as well as all standard exotic objects in this specification
maintain these invariants. ECMAScript Proxy objects maintain these
invariants by means of runtime checks on the result of traps invoked on
the [[ProxyHandler]] object.</p>
<p>Any implementation provided exotic objects must also maintain
these invariants for those objects. Violation of these invariants may
cause ECMAScript code to have unpredictable behaviour and create
security issues. However, violation of these invariants must never
compromise the memory safety of an implementation.</p>
<p>An implementation must not allow these invariants to be
circumvented in any manner such as by providing alternative interfaces
that implement the functionality of the essential internal methods
without enforcing their invariants.</p>
<h2>Definitions:</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The <em>target</em> of an internal method is the object upon which the internal method is called.
</li>
<li>
A target is <em>non-extensible</em> if it has been observed to return <emu-val>false</emu-val> from its [[IsExtensible]] internal method, or <emu-val>true</emu-val> from its [[PreventExtensions]] internal method.
</li>
<li>
A <em>non-existent</em> property is a property that does not exist as an own property on a non-extensible target.
</li>
<li>
All references to <em><emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_974"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref></em> are according to the definition of the <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_975"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref> algorithm.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>[[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The Type of the return value must be either Object or Null.
</li>
<li>
If target is non-extensible, and [[GetPrototypeOf]] returns a value <var>V</var>, then any future calls to [[GetPrototypeOf]] should return the <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_976"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref> as <var>V</var>.
</li>
</ul>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 1</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>An object's prototype chain should have finite length (that
is, starting from any object, recursively applying the
[[GetPrototypeOf]] internal method to its result should eventually lead
to the value <emu-val>null</emu-val>). However, this requirement is not
enforceable as an object level invariant if the prototype chain includes
any exotic objects that do not use the ordinary object definition of
[[GetPrototypeOf]]. Such a circular prototype chain may result in
infinite loops when accessing object properties.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<h2>[[SetPrototypeOf]] ( <var>V</var> )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The Type of the return value must be Boolean.
</li>
<li>
If target is non-extensible, [[SetPrototypeOf]] must return <emu-val>false</emu-val>, unless <var>V</var> is the <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_977"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref> as the target's observed [[GetPrototypeOf]] value.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>[[IsExtensible]] ( )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The Type of the return value must be Boolean.
</li>
<li>
If [[IsExtensible]] returns <emu-val>false</emu-val>, all future calls to [[IsExtensible]] on the target must return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>[[PreventExtensions]] ( )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The Type of the return value must be Boolean.
</li>
<li>
If [[PreventExtensions]] returns <emu-val>true</emu-val>, all future calls to [[IsExtensible]] on the target must return <emu-val>false</emu-val> and the target is now considered non-extensible.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>[[GetOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The Type of the return value must be either <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_978"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> or Undefined.
</li>
<li>
If the Type of the return value is <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_979"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref>, the return value must be a <emu-xref href="#sec-completepropertydescriptor" id="_ref_49"><a href="#sec-completepropertydescriptor">complete property descriptor</a></emu-xref>.
</li>
<li>
If <var>P</var> is described as a non-configurable, non-writable own <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_980"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref>, all future calls to [[GetOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var> ) must return Property Descritor whose [[Value]] is <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_981"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref> as <var>P</var>'s [[Value]] attribute.
</li>
<li>
If <var>P</var>'s attributes other than [[Writable]] may change over time or if the property might be deleted, then <var>P</var>'s [[Configurable]] attribute must be <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li>
<li>
If the [[Writable]] attribute may change from <emu-val>false</emu-val> to <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then the [[Configurable]] attribute must be <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li>
<li>
If the target is non-extensible and <var>P</var> is non-existent, then all future calls to [[GetOwnProperty]] (<var>P</var>) on the target must describe <var>P</var> as non-existent (i.e. [[GetOwnProperty]] (<var>P</var>) must return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).
</li>
</ul>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 2</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>As a consequence of the third invariant, if a property is described as a <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_982"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> and it may return different values over time, then either or both of the [[Writable]] and [[Configurable]] attributes must be <emu-val>true</emu-val> even if no mechanism to change the value is exposed via the other internal methods.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<h2>[[DefineOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The Type of the return value must be Boolean.
</li>
<li>
[[DefineOwnProperty]] must return <emu-val>false</emu-val> if <var>P</var> has previously been observed as a non-configurable own property of the target, unless either:
<ol>
<li>
<var>P</var> is a writable <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_983"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref>. A non-configurable writable <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_984"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> can be changed into a non-configurable non-writable <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_985"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref>.
</li>
<li>
All attributes of <var>Desc</var> are the <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_986"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref> as <var>P</var>'s attributes.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
[[DefineOwnProperty]] (<var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var>) must return <emu-val>false</emu-val> if target is non-extensible and <var>P</var> is a non-existent own property. That is, a non-extensible target object cannot be extended with new properties.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>[[HasProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The Type of the return value must be Boolean.
</li>
<li>
If <var>P</var> was previously observed as a non-configurable own data or <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_987"><a href="#sec-object-type">accessor property</a></emu-xref> of the target, [[HasProperty]] must return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>[[Get]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
If <var>P</var> was previously observed as a non-configurable, non-writable own <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_988"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of the target with value <var>V</var>, then [[Get]] must return the <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_989"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref> as <var>V</var>.
</li>
<li>
If <var>P</var> was previously observed as a non-configurable own <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_990"><a href="#sec-object-type">accessor property</a></emu-xref> of the target whose [[Get]] attribute is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, the [[Get]] operation must return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>[[Set]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The Type of the return value must be Boolean.
</li>
<li>
If <var>P</var> was previously observed as a non-configurable, non-writable own <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_991"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of the target, then [[Set]] must return <emu-val>false</emu-val> unless <var>V</var> is the <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_992"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref> as <var>P</var>'s [[Value]] attribute.
</li>
<li>
If <var>P</var> was previously observed as a non-configurable own <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_993"><a href="#sec-object-type">accessor property</a></emu-xref> of the target whose [[Set]] attribute is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, the [[Set]] operation must return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>[[Delete]] ( <var>P</var> )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The Type of the return value must be Boolean.
</li>
<li>
If <var>P</var> was previously observed as a non-configurable own data or <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_994"><a href="#sec-object-type">accessor property</a></emu-xref> of the target, [[Delete]] must return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>[[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The return value must be a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_995"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>.
</li>
<li>
The returned <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_996"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> must not contain any duplicate entries.
</li>
<li>
The Type of each element of the returned <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_997"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> is either String or Symbol.
</li>
<li>
The returned <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_998"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> must contain at least the keys of all non-configurable own properties that have previously been observed.
</li>
<li>
If the object is non-extensible, the returned <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_999"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> must contain only the keys of all own properties of the object that are observable using [[GetOwnProperty]].
</li>
</ul>
<h2>[[Construct]] ( )</h2>
<ul>
<li>
The Type of the return value must be Object.
</li>
</ul>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-well-known-intrinsic-objects">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.1.7.4</span>Well-Known Intrinsic Objects</h1>
<p>Well-known intrinsics are built-in objects that are
explicitly referenced by the algorithms of this specification and which
usually have <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_1000"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref>-specific
identities. Unless otherwise specified each intrinsic object actually
corresponds to a set of similar objects, one per <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_1001"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>Within this specification a reference such as %name% means the intrinsic object, associated with the current <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_1002"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref>, corresponding to the name. Determination of the current <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_1003"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref> and its intrinsics is described in <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_50"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">8.3</a></emu-xref>. The well-known intrinsics are listed in <emu-xref href="#table-7" id="_ref_51"><a href="#table-7">Table 7</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-7" caption="Well-Known Intrinsic Objects"><figure><figcaption>Table 7: Well-Known Intrinsic Objects</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Intrinsic Name
</th>
<th>
Global Name
</th>
<th>
ECMAScript Language Association
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-array-constructor" id="_ref_1004"><a href="#sec-array-constructor">%Array%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Array</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Array</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1005"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-array-constructor" id="_ref_52"><a href="#sec-array-constructor">22.1.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-arraybuffer-constructor" id="_ref_1006"><a href="#sec-arraybuffer-constructor">%ArrayBuffer%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>ArrayBuffer</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>ArrayBuffer</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1007"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-arraybuffer-constructor" id="_ref_53"><a href="#sec-arraybuffer-constructor">24.1.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-arraybuffer-prototype-object" id="_ref_1008"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-arraybuffer-prototype-object">%ArrayBufferPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>ArrayBuffer.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1009"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-arraybuffer-constructor" id="_ref_1010"><a href="#sec-arraybuffer-constructor">%ArrayBuffer%</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-%arrayiteratorprototype%-object" id="_ref_1011"><a href="#sec-%arrayiteratorprototype%-object">%ArrayIteratorPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The prototype of Array iterator objects (<emu-xref href="#sec-array-iterator-objects" id="_ref_54"><a href="#sec-array-iterator-objects">22.1.5</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object" id="_ref_1012"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object">%ArrayPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Array.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1013"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-array-constructor" id="_ref_1014"><a href="#sec-array-constructor">%Array%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object" id="_ref_55"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object">22.1.3</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-array.prototype.entries" id="_ref_1015"><a href="#sec-array.prototype.entries">%ArrayProto_entries%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Array.prototype.entries</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>entries</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1016"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object" id="_ref_1017"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object">%ArrayPrototype%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-array.prototype.entries" id="_ref_56"><a href="#sec-array.prototype.entries">22.1.3.4</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-array.prototype.foreach" id="_ref_1018"><a href="#sec-array.prototype.foreach">%ArrayProto_forEach%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Array.prototype.forEach</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>forEach</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1019"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object" id="_ref_1020"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object">%ArrayPrototype%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-array.prototype.foreach" id="_ref_57"><a href="#sec-array.prototype.foreach">22.1.3.12</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-array.prototype.keys" id="_ref_1021"><a href="#sec-array.prototype.keys">%ArrayProto_keys%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Array.prototype.keys</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>keys</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1022"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object" id="_ref_1023"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object">%ArrayPrototype%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-array.prototype.keys" id="_ref_58"><a href="#sec-array.prototype.keys">22.1.3.16</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-array.prototype.values" id="_ref_1024"><a href="#sec-array.prototype.values">%ArrayProto_values%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Array.prototype.values</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>values</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1025"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object" id="_ref_1026"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-array-prototype-object">%ArrayPrototype%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-array.prototype.values" id="_ref_59"><a href="#sec-array.prototype.values">22.1.3.32</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-%asyncfromsynciteratorprototype%-object" id="_ref_1027"><a href="#sec-%asyncfromsynciteratorprototype%-object">%AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The prototype of async-from-sync iterator objects (<emu-xref href="#sec-async-from-sync-iterator-objects" id="_ref_60"><a href="#sec-async-from-sync-iterator-objects">25.1.4</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-async-function-constructor" id="_ref_1028"><a href="#sec-async-function-constructor">%AsyncFunction%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1029"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> of async function objects (<emu-xref href="#sec-async-function-constructor" id="_ref_61"><a href="#sec-async-function-constructor">25.7.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-async-function-prototype-properties" id="_ref_1030"><a href="#sec-async-function-prototype-properties">%AsyncFunctionPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1031"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-async-function-constructor" id="_ref_1032"><a href="#sec-async-function-constructor">%AsyncFunction%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-prototype" id="_ref_1033"><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-prototype">%AsyncGenerator%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> property of <emu-xref href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-constructor" id="_ref_1034"><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-constructor">%AsyncGeneratorFunction%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-constructor" id="_ref_1035"><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-constructor">%AsyncGeneratorFunction%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1036"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> of async iterator objects (<emu-xref href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-constructor" id="_ref_62"><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-constructor">25.3.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-asyncgenerator-prototype" id="_ref_1037"><a href="#sec-properties-of-asyncgenerator-prototype">%AsyncGeneratorPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> property of <emu-xref href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-prototype" id="_ref_1038"><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-prototype">%AsyncGenerator%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-asynciteratorprototype" id="_ref_1039"><a href="#sec-asynciteratorprototype">%AsyncIteratorPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
An object that all standard built-in async iterator objects indirectly inherit from
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-atomics-object" id="_ref_1040"><a href="#sec-atomics-object">%Atomics%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Atomics</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Atomics</code> object (<emu-xref href="#sec-atomics-object" id="_ref_63"><a href="#sec-atomics-object">24.4</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-boolean-constructor" id="_ref_1041"><a href="#sec-boolean-constructor">%Boolean%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Boolean</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Boolean</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1042"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-boolean-constructor" id="_ref_64"><a href="#sec-boolean-constructor">19.3.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-boolean-prototype-object" id="_ref_1043"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-boolean-prototype-object">%BooleanPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Boolean.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1044"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-boolean-constructor" id="_ref_1045"><a href="#sec-boolean-constructor">%Boolean%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-boolean-prototype-object" id="_ref_65"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-boolean-prototype-object">19.3.3</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-dataview-constructor" id="_ref_1046"><a href="#sec-dataview-constructor">%DataView%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>DataView</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>DataView</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1047"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-dataview-constructor" id="_ref_66"><a href="#sec-dataview-constructor">24.3.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-dataview-prototype-object" id="_ref_1048"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-dataview-prototype-object">%DataViewPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>DataView.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1049"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-dataview-constructor" id="_ref_1050"><a href="#sec-dataview-constructor">%DataView%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-date-constructor" id="_ref_1051"><a href="#sec-date-constructor">%Date%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Date</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Date</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1052"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-date-constructor" id="_ref_67"><a href="#sec-date-constructor">20.3.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-date-prototype-object" id="_ref_1053"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-date-prototype-object">%DatePrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Date.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1054"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-date-constructor" id="_ref_1055"><a href="#sec-date-constructor">%Date%</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-decodeuri-encodeduri" id="_ref_1056"><a href="#sec-decodeuri-encodeduri">%decodeURI%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>decodeURI</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>decodeURI</code> function (<emu-xref href="#sec-decodeuri-encodeduri" id="_ref_68"><a href="#sec-decodeuri-encodeduri">18.2.6.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-decodeuricomponent-encodeduricomponent" id="_ref_1057"><a href="#sec-decodeuricomponent-encodeduricomponent">%decodeURIComponent%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>decodeURIComponent</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>decodeURIComponent</code> function (<emu-xref href="#sec-decodeuricomponent-encodeduricomponent" id="_ref_69"><a href="#sec-decodeuricomponent-encodeduricomponent">18.2.6.3</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-encodeuri-uri" id="_ref_1058"><a href="#sec-encodeuri-uri">%encodeURI%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>encodeURI</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>encodeURI</code> function (<emu-xref href="#sec-encodeuri-uri" id="_ref_70"><a href="#sec-encodeuri-uri">18.2.6.4</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-encodeuricomponent-uricomponent" id="_ref_1059"><a href="#sec-encodeuricomponent-uricomponent">%encodeURIComponent%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>encodeURIComponent</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>encodeURIComponent</code> function (<emu-xref href="#sec-encodeuricomponent-uricomponent" id="_ref_71"><a href="#sec-encodeuricomponent-uricomponent">18.2.6.5</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-error-constructor" id="_ref_1060"><a href="#sec-error-constructor">%Error%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Error</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Error</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1061"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-error-constructor" id="_ref_72"><a href="#sec-error-constructor">19.5.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-error-prototype-object" id="_ref_1062"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-error-prototype-object">%ErrorPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Error.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1063"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-error-constructor" id="_ref_1064"><a href="#sec-error-constructor">%Error%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-eval-x" id="_ref_1065"><a href="#sec-eval-x">%eval%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>eval</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>eval</code> function (<emu-xref href="#sec-eval-x" id="_ref_73"><a href="#sec-eval-x">18.2.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%EvalError%
</td>
<td>
<code>EvalError</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>EvalError</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1066"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-evalerror" id="_ref_74"><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-evalerror">19.5.5.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%EvalErrorPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>EvalError.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1067"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %EvalError%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Float32Array%
</td>
<td>
<code>Float32Array</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Float32Array</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1068"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-typedarray-objects" id="_ref_75"><a href="#sec-typedarray-objects">22.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Float32ArrayPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>Float32Array.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1069"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %Float32Array%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Float64Array%
</td>
<td>
<code>Float64Array</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Float64Array</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1070"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-typedarray-objects" id="_ref_76"><a href="#sec-typedarray-objects">22.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Float64ArrayPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>Float64Array.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1071"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %Float64Array%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-function-constructor" id="_ref_1072"><a href="#sec-function-constructor">%Function%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Function</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Function</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1073"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-function-constructor" id="_ref_77"><a href="#sec-function-constructor">19.2.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-function-prototype-object" id="_ref_1074"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-function-prototype-object">%FunctionPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Function.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1075"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-function-constructor" id="_ref_1076"><a href="#sec-function-constructor">%Function%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-generatorfunction-prototype-object" id="_ref_1077"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-generatorfunction-prototype-object">%Generator%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1078"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-generatorfunction-constructor" id="_ref_1079"><a href="#sec-generatorfunction-constructor">%GeneratorFunction%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-generatorfunction-constructor" id="_ref_1080"><a href="#sec-generatorfunction-constructor">%GeneratorFunction%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1081"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> of generator objects (<emu-xref href="#sec-generatorfunction-constructor" id="_ref_78"><a href="#sec-generatorfunction-constructor">25.2.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-generator-prototype" id="_ref_1082"><a href="#sec-properties-of-generator-prototype">%GeneratorPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1083"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-generatorfunction-prototype-object" id="_ref_1084"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-generatorfunction-prototype-object">%Generator%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Int8Array%
</td>
<td>
<code>Int8Array</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Int8Array</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1085"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-typedarray-objects" id="_ref_79"><a href="#sec-typedarray-objects">22.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Int8ArrayPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>Int8Array.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1086"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %Int8Array%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Int16Array%
</td>
<td>
<code>Int16Array</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Int16Array</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1087"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-typedarray-objects" id="_ref_80"><a href="#sec-typedarray-objects">22.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Int16ArrayPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>Int16Array.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1088"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %Int16Array%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Int32Array%
</td>
<td>
<code>Int32Array</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Int32Array</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1089"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-typedarray-objects" id="_ref_81"><a href="#sec-typedarray-objects">22.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Int32ArrayPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>Int32Array.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1090"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %Int32Array%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-isfinite-number" id="_ref_1091"><a href="#sec-isfinite-number">%isFinite%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>isFinite</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>isFinite</code> function (<emu-xref href="#sec-isfinite-number" id="_ref_82"><a href="#sec-isfinite-number">18.2.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-isnan-number" id="_ref_1092"><a href="#sec-isnan-number">%isNaN%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>isNaN</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>isNaN</code> function (<emu-xref href="#sec-isnan-number" id="_ref_83"><a href="#sec-isnan-number">18.2.3</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-%iteratorprototype%-object" id="_ref_1093"><a href="#sec-%iteratorprototype%-object">%IteratorPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
An object that all standard built-in iterator objects indirectly inherit from
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-json-object" id="_ref_1094"><a href="#sec-json-object">%JSON%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>JSON</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>JSON</code> object (<emu-xref href="#sec-json-object" id="_ref_84"><a href="#sec-json-object">24.5</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-json.parse" id="_ref_1095"><a href="#sec-json.parse">%JSONParse%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>JSON.parse</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>parse</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1096"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-json-object" id="_ref_1097"><a href="#sec-json-object">%JSON%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%JSONStringify%
</td>
<td>
<code>JSON.stringify</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>stringify</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1098"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-json-object" id="_ref_1099"><a href="#sec-json-object">%JSON%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-map-constructor" id="_ref_1100"><a href="#sec-map-constructor">%Map%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Map</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Map</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1101"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-map-constructor" id="_ref_85"><a href="#sec-map-constructor">23.1.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-%mapiteratorprototype%-object" id="_ref_1102"><a href="#sec-%mapiteratorprototype%-object">%MapIteratorPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The prototype of Map iterator objects (<emu-xref href="#sec-map-iterator-objects" id="_ref_86"><a href="#sec-map-iterator-objects">23.1.5</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object" id="_ref_1103"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object">%MapPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Map.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1104"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-map-constructor" id="_ref_1105"><a href="#sec-map-constructor">%Map%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-math-object" id="_ref_1106"><a href="#sec-math-object">%Math%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Math</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Math</code> object (<emu-xref href="#sec-math-object" id="_ref_87"><a href="#sec-math-object">20.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-number-constructor" id="_ref_1107"><a href="#sec-number-constructor">%Number%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Number</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Number</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1108"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-number-constructor" id="_ref_88"><a href="#sec-number-constructor">20.1.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-number-prototype-object" id="_ref_1109"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-number-prototype-object">%NumberPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Number.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1110"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-number-constructor" id="_ref_1111"><a href="#sec-number-constructor">%Number%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-object-constructor" id="_ref_1112"><a href="#sec-object-constructor">%Object%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Object</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Object</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1113"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-object-constructor" id="_ref_89"><a href="#sec-object-constructor">19.1.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object" id="_ref_1114"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object">%ObjectPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Object.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1115"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-object-constructor" id="_ref_1116"><a href="#sec-object-constructor">%Object%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object" id="_ref_90"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object">19.1.3</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-object.prototype.tostring" id="_ref_1117"><a href="#sec-object.prototype.tostring">%ObjProto_toString%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Object.prototype.toString</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>toString</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1118"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object" id="_ref_1119"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object">%ObjectPrototype%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-object.prototype.tostring" id="_ref_91"><a href="#sec-object.prototype.tostring">19.1.3.6</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-object.prototype.valueof" id="_ref_1120"><a href="#sec-object.prototype.valueof">%ObjProto_valueOf%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Object.prototype.valueOf</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>valueOf</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1121"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object" id="_ref_1122"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object">%ObjectPrototype%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-object.prototype.valueof" id="_ref_92"><a href="#sec-object.prototype.valueof">19.1.3.7</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-parsefloat-string" id="_ref_1123"><a href="#sec-parsefloat-string">%parseFloat%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>parseFloat</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>parseFloat</code> function (<emu-xref href="#sec-parsefloat-string" id="_ref_93"><a href="#sec-parsefloat-string">18.2.4</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-parseint-string-radix" id="_ref_1124"><a href="#sec-parseint-string-radix">%parseInt%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>parseInt</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>parseInt</code> function (<emu-xref href="#sec-parseint-string-radix" id="_ref_94"><a href="#sec-parseint-string-radix">18.2.5</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-promise-constructor" id="_ref_1125"><a href="#sec-promise-constructor">%Promise%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Promise</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Promise</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1126"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-promise-constructor" id="_ref_95"><a href="#sec-promise-constructor">25.6.3</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-promise-prototype-object" id="_ref_1127"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-promise-prototype-object">%PromisePrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Promise.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1128"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-promise-constructor" id="_ref_1129"><a href="#sec-promise-constructor">%Promise%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-promise.prototype.then" id="_ref_1130"><a href="#sec-promise.prototype.then">%PromiseProto_then%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Promise.prototype.then</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>then</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1131"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-promise-prototype-object" id="_ref_1132"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-promise-prototype-object">%PromisePrototype%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-promise.prototype.then" id="_ref_96"><a href="#sec-promise.prototype.then">25.6.5.4</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-promise.all" id="_ref_1133"><a href="#sec-promise.all">%Promise_all%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Promise.all</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>all</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1134"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-promise-constructor" id="_ref_1135"><a href="#sec-promise-constructor">%Promise%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-promise.all" id="_ref_97"><a href="#sec-promise.all">25.6.4.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-promise.reject" id="_ref_1136"><a href="#sec-promise.reject">%Promise_reject%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Promise.reject</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>reject</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1137"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-promise-constructor" id="_ref_1138"><a href="#sec-promise-constructor">%Promise%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-promise.reject" id="_ref_98"><a href="#sec-promise.reject">25.6.4.4</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-promise.resolve" id="_ref_1139"><a href="#sec-promise.resolve">%Promise_resolve%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Promise.resolve</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>resolve</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1140"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-promise-constructor" id="_ref_1141"><a href="#sec-promise-constructor">%Promise%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-promise.resolve" id="_ref_99"><a href="#sec-promise.resolve">25.6.4.5</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-proxy-constructor" id="_ref_1142"><a href="#sec-proxy-constructor">%Proxy%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Proxy</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Proxy</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1143"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-proxy-constructor" id="_ref_100"><a href="#sec-proxy-constructor">26.2.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%RangeError%
</td>
<td>
<code>RangeError</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>RangeError</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1144"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-rangeerror" id="_ref_101"><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-rangeerror">19.5.5.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%RangeErrorPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>RangeError.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1145"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %RangeError%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%ReferenceError%
</td>
<td>
<code>ReferenceError</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>ReferenceError</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1146"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-referenceerror" id="_ref_102"><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-referenceerror">19.5.5.3</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%ReferenceErrorPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>ReferenceError.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1147"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %ReferenceError%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-reflect-object" id="_ref_1148"><a href="#sec-reflect-object">%Reflect%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Reflect</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Reflect</code> object (<emu-xref href="#sec-reflect-object" id="_ref_103"><a href="#sec-reflect-object">26.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-regexp-constructor" id="_ref_1149"><a href="#sec-regexp-constructor">%RegExp%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>RegExp</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>RegExp</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1150"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-regexp-constructor" id="_ref_104"><a href="#sec-regexp-constructor">21.2.3</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-regexp-prototype-object" id="_ref_1151"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-regexp-prototype-object">%RegExpPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>RegExp.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1152"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-regexp-constructor" id="_ref_1153"><a href="#sec-regexp-constructor">%RegExp%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-set-constructor" id="_ref_1154"><a href="#sec-set-constructor">%Set%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Set</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Set</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1155"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-set-constructor" id="_ref_105"><a href="#sec-set-constructor">23.2.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-%setiteratorprototype%-object" id="_ref_1156"><a href="#sec-%setiteratorprototype%-object">%SetIteratorPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The prototype of Set iterator objects (<emu-xref href="#sec-set-iterator-objects" id="_ref_106"><a href="#sec-set-iterator-objects">23.2.5</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-set-prototype-object" id="_ref_1157"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-set-prototype-object">%SetPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Set.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1158"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-set-constructor" id="_ref_1159"><a href="#sec-set-constructor">%Set%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-constructor" id="_ref_1160"><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-constructor">%SharedArrayBuffer%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>SharedArrayBuffer</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>SharedArrayBuffer</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1161"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-constructor" id="_ref_107"><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-constructor">24.2.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-sharedarraybuffer-prototype-object" id="_ref_1162"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-sharedarraybuffer-prototype-object">%SharedArrayBufferPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>SharedArrayBuffer.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1163"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-constructor" id="_ref_1164"><a href="#sec-sharedarraybuffer-constructor">%SharedArrayBuffer%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-string-constructor" id="_ref_1165"><a href="#sec-string-constructor">%String%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>String</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>String</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1166"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-string-constructor" id="_ref_108"><a href="#sec-string-constructor">21.1.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-%stringiteratorprototype%-object" id="_ref_1167"><a href="#sec-%stringiteratorprototype%-object">%StringIteratorPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The prototype of String iterator objects (<emu-xref href="#sec-string-iterator-objects" id="_ref_109"><a href="#sec-string-iterator-objects">21.1.5</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-string-prototype-object" id="_ref_1168"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-string-prototype-object">%StringPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>String.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1169"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-string-constructor" id="_ref_1170"><a href="#sec-string-constructor">%String%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-symbol-constructor" id="_ref_1171"><a href="#sec-symbol-constructor">%Symbol%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Symbol</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Symbol</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1172"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-symbol-constructor" id="_ref_110"><a href="#sec-symbol-constructor">19.4.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-symbol-prototype-object" id="_ref_1173"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-symbol-prototype-object">%SymbolPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>Symbol.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1174"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-symbol-constructor" id="_ref_1175"><a href="#sec-symbol-constructor">%Symbol%</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-symbol-prototype-object" id="_ref_111"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-symbol-prototype-object">19.4.3</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%SyntaxError%
</td>
<td>
<code>SyntaxError</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>SyntaxError</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1176"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-syntaxerror" id="_ref_112"><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-syntaxerror">19.5.5.4</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%SyntaxErrorPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>SyntaxError.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1177"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %SyntaxError%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%" id="_ref_1178"><a href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%">%ThrowTypeError%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
A <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_1179"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> that unconditionally throws a new instance of %TypeError%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-%typedarray%-intrinsic-object" id="_ref_1180"><a href="#sec-%typedarray%-intrinsic-object">%TypedArray%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The super class of all typed Array constructors (<emu-xref href="#sec-%typedarray%-intrinsic-object" id="_ref_113"><a href="#sec-%typedarray%-intrinsic-object">22.2.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-%typedarrayprototype%-object" id="_ref_1181"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-%typedarrayprototype%-object">%TypedArrayPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1182"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-%typedarray%-intrinsic-object" id="_ref_1183"><a href="#sec-%typedarray%-intrinsic-object">%TypedArray%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%TypeError%
</td>
<td>
<code>TypeError</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>TypeError</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1184"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-typeerror" id="_ref_114"><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-typeerror">19.5.5.5</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%TypeErrorPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>TypeError.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1185"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %TypeError%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Uint8Array%
</td>
<td>
<code>Uint8Array</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Uint8Array</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1186"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-typedarray-objects" id="_ref_115"><a href="#sec-typedarray-objects">22.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Uint8ArrayPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>Uint8Array.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1187"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %Uint8Array%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Uint8ClampedArray%
</td>
<td>
<code>Uint8ClampedArray</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Uint8ClampedArray</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1188"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-typedarray-objects" id="_ref_116"><a href="#sec-typedarray-objects">22.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Uint8ClampedArrayPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>Uint8ClampedArray.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1189"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %Uint8ClampedArray%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Uint16Array%
</td>
<td>
<code>Uint16Array</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Uint16Array</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1190"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-typedarray-objects" id="_ref_117"><a href="#sec-typedarray-objects">22.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Uint16ArrayPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>Uint16Array.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1191"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %Uint16Array%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Uint32Array%
</td>
<td>
<code>Uint32Array</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>Uint32Array</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1192"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-typedarray-objects" id="_ref_118"><a href="#sec-typedarray-objects">22.2</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%Uint32ArrayPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>Uint32Array.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1193"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %Uint32Array%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%URIError%
</td>
<td>
<code>URIError</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>URIError</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1194"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-urierror" id="_ref_119"><a href="#sec-native-error-types-used-in-this-standard-urierror">19.5.5.6</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
%URIErrorPrototype%
</td>
<td>
<code>URIError.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1195"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of %URIError%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-weakmap-constructor" id="_ref_1196"><a href="#sec-weakmap-constructor">%WeakMap%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>WeakMap</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>WeakMap</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1197"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-weakmap-constructor" id="_ref_120"><a href="#sec-weakmap-constructor">23.3.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-weakmap-prototype-object" id="_ref_1198"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-weakmap-prototype-object">%WeakMapPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>WeakMap.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1199"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-weakmap-constructor" id="_ref_1200"><a href="#sec-weakmap-constructor">%WeakMap%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-weakset-constructor" id="_ref_1201"><a href="#sec-weakset-constructor">%WeakSet%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>WeakSet</code>
</td>
<td>
The <code>WeakSet</code> <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1202"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-weakset-constructor" id="_ref_121"><a href="#sec-weakset-constructor">23.4.1</a></emu-xref>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-weakset-prototype-object" id="_ref_1203"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-weakset-prototype-object">%WeakSetPrototype%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
<code>WeakSet.prototype</code>
</td>
<td>
The initial value of the <code>prototype</code> <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_1204"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-weakset-constructor" id="_ref_1205"><a href="#sec-weakset-constructor">%WeakSet%</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-specification-types">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2</span>ECMAScript Specification Types</h1>
<p>A specification type corresponds to meta-values that are used
within algorithms to describe the semantics of ECMAScript language
constructs and ECMAScript language types. The specification types
include <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_1206"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref>, <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1207"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>, <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1208"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref>, <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_1209"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref>, <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_1210"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref>, <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1211"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>, and <emu-xref href="#sec-data-blocks" id="_ref_1212"><a href="#sec-data-blocks">Data Block</a></emu-xref>.
Specification type values are specification artefacts that do not
necessarily correspond to any specific entity within an ECMAScript
implementation. Specification type values may be used to describe
intermediate results of ECMAScript expression evaluation but such values
cannot be stored as properties of objects or values of ECMAScript
language variables.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-list-and-record-specification-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.1</span>The List and Record Specification Types</h1>
<p>The <dfn>List</dfn> type is used to explain the evaluation of argument lists (see <emu-xref href="#sec-argument-lists" id="_ref_122"><a href="#sec-argument-lists">12.3.6</a></emu-xref>) in <code>new</code>
expressions, in function calls, and in other algorithms where a simple
ordered list of values is needed. Values of the List type are simply
ordered sequences of list elements containing the individual values.
These sequences may be of any length. The elements of a list may be
randomly accessed using 0-origin indices. For notational convenience an
array-like syntax can be used to access List elements. For example, <var>arguments</var>[2] is shorthand for saying the 3<sup>rd</sup> element of the List <var>arguments</var>.</p>
<p>For notational convenience within this specification, a literal
syntax can be used to express a new List value. For example, « 1, 2 »
defines a List value that has two elements each of which is initialized
to a specific value. A new empty List can be expressed as « ».</p>
<p>The <dfn>Record</dfn> type is used to describe data
aggregations within the algorithms of this specification. A Record type
value consists of one or more named fields. The value of each field is
either an ECMAScript value or an abstract value represented by a name
associated with the Record type. Field names are always enclosed in
double brackets, for example [[Value]].</p>
<p>For notational convenience within this specification, an object
literal-like syntax can be used to express a Record value. For example,
{ [[Field1]]: 42, [[Field2]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Field3]]: <emu-const>empty</emu-const>
} defines a Record value that has three fields, each of which is
initialized to a specific value. Field name order is not significant.
Any fields that are not explicitly listed are considered to be absent.</p>
<p>In specification text and algorithms, dot notation may be used
to refer to a specific field of a Record value. For example, if R is the
record shown in the previous paragraph then R.[[Field2]] is shorthand
for “the field of R named [[Field2]]”.</p>
<p>Schema for commonly used Record field combinations may be
named, and that name may be used as a prefix to a literal Record value
to identify the specific kind of aggregations that is being described.
For example: PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: 42, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-set-and-relation-specification-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.2</span>The Set and Relation Specification Types</h1>
<p>The <dfn>Set</dfn> type is used to explain a collection of unordered elements for use in the <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model" id="_ref_1213"><a href="#sec-memory-model">memory model</a></emu-xref>.
Values of the Set type are simple collections of elements, where no
element appears more than once. Elements may be added to and removed
from Sets. Sets may be unioned, intersected, or subtracted from each
other.</p>
<p>The <dfn>Relation</dfn> type is used to explain constraints on
Sets. Values of the Relation type are Sets of ordered pairs of values
from its value domain. For example, a Relation on events is a set of
ordered pairs of events. For a Relation <var>R</var> and two values <var>a</var> and <var>b</var> in the value domain of <var>R</var>, <var>a</var> <var>R</var> <var>b</var> is shorthand for saying the ordered pair (<var>a</var>, <var>b</var>) is a member of <var>R</var>. A Relation is least with respect to some conditions when it is the smallest Relation that satisfies those conditions.</p>
<p>A <dfn>strict partial order</dfn> is a Relation value <var>R</var> that satisfies the following.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>For all <var>a</var>, <var>b</var>, and <var>c</var> in <var>R</var>'s domain:</p>
<ul>
<li>It is not the case that <var>a</var> <var>R</var> <var>a</var>, and</li>
<li>If <var>a</var> <var>R</var> <var>b</var> and <var>b</var> <var>R</var> <var>c</var>, then <var>a</var> <var>R</var> <var>c</var>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 1</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The two properties above are called, in order, irreflexivity and transitivity.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<p>A <dfn>strict total order</dfn> is a Relation value <var>R</var> that satisfies the following.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>For all <var>a</var>, <var>b</var>, and <var>c</var> in <var>R</var>'s domain:</p>
<ul>
<li><var>a</var> is identical to <var>b</var> or <var>a</var> <var>R</var> <var>b</var> or <var>b</var> <var>R</var> <var>a</var>, and</li>
<li>It is not the case that <var>a</var> <var>R</var> <var>a</var>, and</li>
<li>If <var>a</var> <var>R</var> <var>b</var> and <var>b</var> <var>R</var> <var>c</var>, then <var>a</var> <var>R</var> <var>c</var>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 2</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The three properties above are called, in order, totality, irreflexivity, and transitivity.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-completion-record-specification-type" aoid="Completion">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.3</span>The Completion Record Specification Type</h1>
<p>The Completion type is a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1214"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> used to explain the runtime propagation of values and control flow such as the behaviour of statements (<code>break</code>, <code>continue</code>, <code>return</code> and <code>throw</code>) that perform nonlocal transfers of control.</p>
<p>Values of the Completion type are <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1215"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> values whose fields are defined as by <emu-xref href="#table-8" id="_ref_123"><a href="#table-8">Table 8</a></emu-xref>. Such values are referred to as <dfn>Completion Record</dfn>s.</p>
<emu-table id="table-8" caption="Completion Record Fields"><figure><figcaption>Table 8: <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1216"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref> Fields</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Field Name
</th>
<th>
Value
</th>
<th>
Meaning
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Type]]
</td>
<td>
One of <emu-const>normal</emu-const>, <emu-const>break</emu-const>, <emu-const>continue</emu-const>, <emu-const>return</emu-const>, or <emu-const>throw</emu-const>
</td>
<td>
The type of completion that occurred.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Value]]
</td>
<td>
any <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1217"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref> or <emu-const>empty</emu-const>
</td>
<td>
The value that was produced.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Target]]
</td>
<td>
any ECMAScript string or <emu-const>empty</emu-const>
</td>
<td>
The target label for directed control transfers.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>The term “<dfn>abrupt completion</dfn>” refers to any completion with a [[Type]] value other than <emu-const>normal</emu-const>.</p>
<emu-clause id="await" aoid="Await">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.3.1</span>Await</h1>
<p>Algorithm steps that say</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>completion</var> be <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1218"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref>(<var>value</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>mean the same thing as:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>asyncContext</var> be the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_1219"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>promise</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="PromiseResolve" id="_ref_1220"><a href="#sec-promise-resolve">PromiseResolve</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref href="#sec-promise-constructor" id="_ref_1221"><a href="#sec-promise-constructor">%Promise%</a></emu-xref>, « <var>value</var> »).</li><li>Let <var>stepsFulfilled</var> be the algorithm steps defined in <emu-xref href="#await-fulfilled" title="" id="_ref_124"><a href="#await-fulfilled">Await Fulfilled Functions</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>onFulfilled</var> be <emu-xref aoid="CreateBuiltinFunction" id="_ref_1222"><a href="#sec-createbuiltinfunction">CreateBuiltinFunction</a></emu-xref>(<var>stepsFulfilled</var>, « [[AsyncContext]] »).</li><li>Set <var>onFulfilled</var>.[[AsyncContext]] to <var>asyncContext</var>.</li><li>Let <var>stepsRejected</var> be the algorithm steps defined in <emu-xref href="#await-rejected" title="" id="_ref_125"><a href="#await-rejected">Await Rejected Functions</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>onRejected</var> be <emu-xref aoid="CreateBuiltinFunction" id="_ref_1223"><a href="#sec-createbuiltinfunction">CreateBuiltinFunction</a></emu-xref>(<var>stepsRejected</var>, « [[AsyncContext]] »).</li><li>Set <var>onRejected</var>.[[AsyncContext]] to <var>asyncContext</var>.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="PerformPromiseThen" id="_ref_1224"><a href="#sec-performpromisethen">PerformPromiseThen</a></emu-xref>(<var>promise</var>, <var>onFulfilled</var>, <var>onRejected</var>).</li><li>Remove <var>asyncContext</var> from the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_1225"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref> and restore the <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_1226"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref> that is at the top of the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_1227"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref> as the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_1228"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Set the code evaluation state of <var>asyncContext</var> such that when evaluation is resumed with a <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1229"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref> <var>completion</var>, the following steps of the algorithm that invoked <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1230"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref> will be performed, with <var>completion</var> available.</li><li>Return.</li><li>NOTE: This returns to the evaluation of the operation that had most previously resumed evaluation of <var>asyncContext</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>where all variables in the above steps, with the exception of <var>completion</var>, are ephemeral and visible only in the steps pertaining to Await.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Await can be combined with the <code>?</code> and <code>!</code> prefixes, so that for example</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>result</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1231"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref>(<var>value</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>means the same thing as:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>result</var> be <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1232"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref>(<var>value</var>).</li><li><emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_1233"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(<var>result</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-clause id="await-fulfilled">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.3.1.1</span>Await Fulfilled Functions</h1>
<p>An <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1234"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref> fulfilled function is an anonymous built-in function that is used as part of the <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1235"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref> specification device to deliver the promise fulfillment value to the caller as a normal completion. Each <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1236"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref> fulfilled function has an [[AsyncContext]] internal slot.</p>
<p>When an <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1237"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref> fulfilled function is called with argument <var>value</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>F</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object" id="_ref_1238"><a href="#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>asyncContext</var> be <var>F</var>.[[AsyncContext]].</li><li>Let <var>prevContext</var> be the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_1239"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref aoid="Suspend" id="_ref_1240"><a href="#sec-suspend">Suspend</a></emu-xref> <var>prevContext</var>.</li><li>Push <var>asyncContext</var> onto the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_1241"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref>; <var>asyncContext</var> is now the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_1242"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Resume the suspended evaluation of <var>asyncContext</var> using <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_1243"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<var>value</var>) as the result of the operation that suspended it.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1244"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: When we reach this step, <var>asyncContext</var> has already been removed from the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_1245"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref> and <var>prevContext</var> is the currently <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_1246"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>The <code>"length"</code> property of an <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1247"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref> fulfilled function is 1.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="await-rejected">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.3.1.2</span>Await Rejected Functions</h1>
<p>An <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1248"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref> rejected function is an anonymous built-in function that is used as part of the <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1249"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref> specification device to deliver the promise rejection reason to the caller as an abrupt throw completion. Each <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1250"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref> rejected function has an [[AsyncContext]] internal slot.</p>
<p>When an <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1251"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref> rejected function is called with argument <var>reason</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>F</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object" id="_ref_1252"><a href="#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>asyncContext</var> be <var>F</var>.[[AsyncContext]].</li><li>Let <var>prevContext</var> be the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_1253"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref aoid="Suspend" id="_ref_1254"><a href="#sec-suspend">Suspend</a></emu-xref> <var>prevContext</var>.</li><li>Push <var>asyncContext</var> onto the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_1255"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref>; <var>asyncContext</var> is now the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_1256"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Resume the suspended evaluation of <var>asyncContext</var> using <emu-xref aoid="ThrowCompletion" id="_ref_1257"><a href="#sec-throwcompletion">ThrowCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<var>reason</var>) as the result of the operation that suspended it.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1258"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: When we reach this step, <var>asyncContext</var> has already been removed from the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_1259"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref> and <var>prevContext</var> is the currently <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_1260"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>The <code>"length"</code> property of an <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1261"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref> rejected function is 1.</p>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-normalcompletion" aoid="NormalCompletion">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.3.2</span>NormalCompletion</h1>
<p>The abstract operation NormalCompletion with a single <var>argument</var>, such as:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_1262"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>Is a shorthand that is defined as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1263"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref> { [[Type]]: <emu-const>normal</emu-const>, [[Value]]: <var>argument</var>, [[Target]]: <emu-const>empty</emu-const> }.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-throwcompletion" aoid="ThrowCompletion">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.3.3</span>ThrowCompletion</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ThrowCompletion with a single <var>argument</var>, such as:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="ThrowCompletion" id="_ref_1264"><a href="#sec-throwcompletion">ThrowCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>Is a shorthand that is defined as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1265"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref> { [[Type]]: <emu-const>throw</emu-const>, [[Value]]: <var>argument</var>, [[Target]]: <emu-const>empty</emu-const> }.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-updateempty" aoid="UpdateEmpty">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.3.4</span>UpdateEmpty ( <var>completionRecord</var>, <var>value</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation UpdateEmpty with arguments <var>completionRecord</var> and <var>value</var> performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1266"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: If <var>completionRecord</var>.[[Type]] is either <emu-const>return</emu-const> or <emu-const>throw</emu-const>, then <var>completionRecord</var>.[[Value]] is not <emu-const>empty</emu-const>.</li><li>If <var>completionRecord</var>.[[Value]] is not <emu-const>empty</emu-const>, return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1267"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref>(<var>completionRecord</var>).</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1268"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref> { [[Type]]: <var>completionRecord</var>.[[Type]], [[Value]]: <var>value</var>, [[Target]]: <var>completionRecord</var>.[[Target]] }.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-reference-specification-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4</span>The Reference Specification Type</h1>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The Reference type is used to explain the behaviour of such operators as <code>delete</code>, <code>typeof</code>, the assignment operators, the <code>super</code> keyword and other language features. For example, the left-hand operand of an assignment is expected to produce a reference.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<p>A <dfn>Reference</dfn> is a resolved name or property binding.
A Reference consists of three components, the base value component, the
referenced name component, and the Boolean-valued strict reference
flag. The base value component is either <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, an Object, a Boolean, a String, a Symbol, a Number, or an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1269"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. A base value component of <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> indicates that the Reference could not be resolved to a binding. The referenced name component is a String or Symbol value.</p>
<p>A <dfn id="super-reference">Super Reference</dfn> is a Reference that is used to represent a name binding that was expressed using the super keyword. A <emu-xref href="#super-reference" id="_ref_1270"><a href="#super-reference">Super Reference</a></emu-xref> has an additional thisValue component, and its base value component will never be an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1271"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>The following <emu-xref href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" id="_ref_1272"><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">abstract operations</a></emu-xref> are used in this specification to operate on references:</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-getbase" aoid="GetBase" oldids="ao-getbase">
<span id="ao-getbase"></span><h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4.1</span>GetBase ( <var>V</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1273"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1274"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_1275"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return the base value component of <var>V</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-getreferencedname" aoid="GetReferencedName" oldids="ao-getreferencedname">
<span id="ao-getreferencedname"></span><h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4.2</span>GetReferencedName ( <var>V</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1276"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1277"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_1278"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return the referenced name component of <var>V</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-isstrictreference" aoid="IsStrictReference" oldids="ao-isstrictreference">
<span id="ao-isstrictreference"></span><h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4.3</span>IsStrictReference ( <var>V</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1279"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1280"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_1281"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return the strict reference flag of <var>V</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-hasprimitivebase" aoid="HasPrimitiveBase" oldids="ao-hasprimitivebase">
<span id="ao-hasprimitivebase"></span><h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4.4</span>HasPrimitiveBase ( <var>V</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1282"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1283"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_1284"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1285"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>'s base value component) is Boolean, String, Symbol, or Number, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>; otherwise return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ispropertyreference" aoid="IsPropertyReference" oldids="ao-ispropertyreference">
<span id="ao-ispropertyreference"></span><h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4.5</span>IsPropertyReference ( <var>V</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1286"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1287"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_1288"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If either the base value component of <var>V</var> is an Object or <emu-xref aoid="HasPrimitiveBase" id="_ref_1289"><a href="#sec-hasprimitivebase">HasPrimitiveBase</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>; otherwise return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-isunresolvablereference" aoid="IsUnresolvableReference" oldids="ao-isunresolvablereference">
<span id="ao-isunresolvablereference"></span><h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4.6</span>IsUnresolvableReference ( <var>V</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1290"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1291"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_1292"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If the base value component of <var>V</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>; otherwise return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-issuperreference" aoid="IsSuperReference" oldids="ao-issuperreference">
<span id="ao-issuperreference"></span><h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4.7</span>IsSuperReference ( <var>V</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1293"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1294"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_1295"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If <var>V</var> has a thisValue component, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>; otherwise return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-getvalue" aoid="GetValue">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4.8</span>GetValue ( <var>V</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_1296"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1297"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is not <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_1298"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref>, return <var>V</var>.</li><li>Let <var>base</var> be <emu-xref aoid="GetBase" id="_ref_1299"><a href="#sec-getbase">GetBase</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsUnresolvableReference" id="_ref_1300"><a href="#sec-isunresolvablereference">IsUnresolvableReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyReference" id="_ref_1301"><a href="#sec-ispropertyreference">IsPropertyReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="HasPrimitiveBase" id="_ref_1302"><a href="#sec-hasprimitivebase">HasPrimitiveBase</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1303"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: In this case, <var>base</var> will never be <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> or <emu-val>null</emu-val>.</li><li>Set <var>base</var> to !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToObject" id="_ref_1304"><a href="#sec-toobject">ToObject</a></emu-xref>(<var>base</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Return ? <var>base</var>.[[Get]](<emu-xref aoid="GetReferencedName" id="_ref_1305"><a href="#sec-getreferencedname">GetReferencedName</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>), <emu-xref aoid="GetThisValue" id="_ref_1306"><a href="#sec-getthisvalue">GetThisValue</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>)).</li></ol></li><li>Else <var>base</var> must be an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1307"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>,<ol><li>Return ? <var>base</var>.GetBindingValue(<emu-xref aoid="GetReferencedName" id="_ref_1308"><a href="#sec-getreferencedname">GetReferencedName</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>), <emu-xref aoid="IsStrictReference" id="_ref_1309"><a href="#sec-isstrictreference">IsStrictReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>)) (see <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_126"><a href="#sec-environment-records">8.1.1</a></emu-xref>).
</li></ol></li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The object that may be created in step 5.a.ii is not
accessible outside of the above abstract operation and the ordinary
object [[Get]] internal method. An implementation might choose to avoid
the actual creation of the object.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-putvalue" aoid="PutValue">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4.9</span>PutValue ( <var>V</var>, <var>W</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_1310"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>).</li><li><emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_1311"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(<var>W</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1312"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is not <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_1313"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref>, throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Let <var>base</var> be <emu-xref aoid="GetBase" id="_ref_1314"><a href="#sec-getbase">GetBase</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsUnresolvableReference" id="_ref_1315"><a href="#sec-isunresolvablereference">IsUnresolvableReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsStrictReference" id="_ref_1316"><a href="#sec-isstrictreference">IsStrictReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception.</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>globalObj</var> be <emu-xref aoid="GetGlobalObject" id="_ref_1317"><a href="#sec-getglobalobject">GetGlobalObject</a></emu-xref>().</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Set" id="_ref_1318"><a href="#sec-set-o-p-v-throw">Set</a></emu-xref>(<var>globalObj</var>, <emu-xref aoid="GetReferencedName" id="_ref_1319"><a href="#sec-getreferencedname">GetReferencedName</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>), <var>W</var>, <emu-val>false</emu-val>).</li></ol></li><li>Else if <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyReference" id="_ref_1320"><a href="#sec-ispropertyreference">IsPropertyReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="HasPrimitiveBase" id="_ref_1321"><a href="#sec-hasprimitivebase">HasPrimitiveBase</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1322"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: In this case, <var>base</var> will never be <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> or <emu-val>null</emu-val>.</li><li>Set <var>base</var> to !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToObject" id="_ref_1323"><a href="#sec-toobject">ToObject</a></emu-xref>(<var>base</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>succeeded</var> be ? <var>base</var>.[[Set]](<emu-xref aoid="GetReferencedName" id="_ref_1324"><a href="#sec-getreferencedname">GetReferencedName</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>), <var>W</var>, <emu-xref aoid="GetThisValue" id="_ref_1325"><a href="#sec-getthisvalue">GetThisValue</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>)).</li><li>If <var>succeeded</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val> and <emu-xref aoid="IsStrictReference" id="_ref_1326"><a href="#sec-isstrictreference">IsStrictReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return.</li></ol></li><li>Else <var>base</var> must be an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1327"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>,<ol><li>Return ? <var>base</var>.SetMutableBinding(<emu-xref aoid="GetReferencedName" id="_ref_1328"><a href="#sec-getreferencedname">GetReferencedName</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>), <var>W</var>, <emu-xref aoid="IsStrictReference" id="_ref_1329"><a href="#sec-isstrictreference">IsStrictReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>)) (see <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_127"><a href="#sec-environment-records">8.1.1</a></emu-xref>).
</li></ol></li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The object that may be created in step 6.a.ii is not
accessible outside of the above algorithm and the ordinary object
[[Set]] internal method. An implementation might choose to avoid the
actual creation of that object.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-getthisvalue" aoid="GetThisValue">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4.10</span>GetThisValue ( <var>V</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1330"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyReference" id="_ref_1331"><a href="#sec-ispropertyreference">IsPropertyReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsSuperReference" id="_ref_1332"><a href="#sec-issuperreference">IsSuperReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Return the value of the thisValue component of the reference <var>V</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="GetBase" id="_ref_1333"><a href="#sec-getbase">GetBase</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-initializereferencedbinding" aoid="InitializeReferencedBinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.4.11</span>InitializeReferencedBinding ( <var>V</var>, <var>W</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_1334"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>).</li><li><emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_1335"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(<var>W</var>).</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1336"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1337"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_1338"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1339"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsUnresolvableReference" id="_ref_1340"><a href="#sec-isunresolvablereference">IsUnresolvableReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>base</var> be <emu-xref aoid="GetBase" id="_ref_1341"><a href="#sec-getbase">GetBase</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>).</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1342"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>base</var> is an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1343"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return <var>base</var>.InitializeBinding(<emu-xref aoid="GetReferencedName" id="_ref_1344"><a href="#sec-getreferencedname">GetReferencedName</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>), <var>W</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.5</span>The Property Descriptor Specification Type</h1>
<p>The <dfn>Property Descriptor</dfn> type is used to explain the
manipulation and reification of Object property attributes. Values of
the Property Descriptor type are Records. Each field's name is an
attribute name and its value is a corresponding attribute value as
specified in <emu-xref href="#sec-property-attributes" id="_ref_128"><a href="#sec-property-attributes">6.1.7.1</a></emu-xref>.
In addition, any field may be present or absent. The schema name used
within this specification to tag literal descriptions of Property
Descriptor records is “PropertyDescriptor”.</p>
<p>Property Descriptor values may be further classified as data
Property Descriptors and accessor Property Descriptors based upon the
existence or use of certain fields. A data Property Descriptor is one
that includes any fields named either [[Value]] or [[Writable]]. An
accessor Property Descriptor is one that includes any fields named
either [[Get]] or [[Set]]. Any Property Descriptor may have fields named
[[Enumerable]] and [[Configurable]]. A Property Descriptor value may
not be both a data Property Descriptor and an accessor Property
Descriptor; however, it may be neither. A generic Property Descriptor is
a Property Descriptor value that is neither a data Property Descriptor
nor an accessor Property Descriptor. A fully populated Property
Descriptor is one that is either an accessor Property Descriptor or a
data Property Descriptor and that has all of the fields that correspond
to the property attributes defined in either <emu-xref href="#table-2" id="_ref_129"><a href="#table-2">Table 2</a></emu-xref> or <emu-xref href="#table-3" id="_ref_130"><a href="#table-3">Table 3</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>The following <emu-xref href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" id="_ref_1345"><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">abstract operations</a></emu-xref> are used in this specification to operate upon Property Descriptor values:</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-isaccessordescriptor" aoid="IsAccessorDescriptor">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.5.1</span>IsAccessorDescriptor ( <var>Desc</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation IsAccessorDescriptor is called with <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_1346"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> <var>Desc</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>Desc</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If both <var>Desc</var>.[[Get]] and <var>Desc</var>.[[Set]] are absent, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-isdatadescriptor" aoid="IsDataDescriptor">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.5.2</span>IsDataDescriptor ( <var>Desc</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation IsDataDescriptor is called with <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_1347"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> <var>Desc</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>Desc</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If both <var>Desc</var>.[[Value]] and <var>Desc</var>.[[Writable]] are absent, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-isgenericdescriptor" aoid="IsGenericDescriptor">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.5.3</span>IsGenericDescriptor ( <var>Desc</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation IsGenericDescriptor is called with <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_1348"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> <var>Desc</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>Desc</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsAccessorDescriptor" id="_ref_1349"><a href="#sec-isaccessordescriptor">IsAccessorDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>) and <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_1350"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>) are both <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-frompropertydescriptor" aoid="FromPropertyDescriptor">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.5.4</span>FromPropertyDescriptor ( <var>Desc</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation FromPropertyDescriptor is called with <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_1351"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> <var>Desc</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>Desc</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>obj</var> be <emu-xref aoid="ObjectCreate" id="_ref_1352"><a href="#sec-objectcreate">ObjectCreate</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object" id="_ref_1353"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object">%ObjectPrototype%</a></emu-xref>).</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1354"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>obj</var> is an extensible ordinary object with no own properties.</li><li>If <var>Desc</var> has a [[Value]] field, then<ol><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1355"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, <code>"value"</code>, <var>Desc</var>.[[Value]]).</li></ol></li><li>If <var>Desc</var> has a [[Writable]] field, then<ol><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1356"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, <code>"writable"</code>, <var>Desc</var>.[[Writable]]).</li></ol></li><li>If <var>Desc</var> has a [[Get]] field, then<ol><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1357"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, <code>"get"</code>, <var>Desc</var>.[[Get]]).</li></ol></li><li>If <var>Desc</var> has a [[Set]] field, then<ol><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1358"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, <code>"set"</code>, <var>Desc</var>.[[Set]]).</li></ol></li><li>If <var>Desc</var> has an [[Enumerable]] field, then<ol><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1359"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, <code>"enumerable"</code>, <var>Desc</var>.[[Enumerable]]).</li></ol></li><li>If <var>Desc</var> has a [[Configurable]] field, then<ol><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1360"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, <code>"configurable"</code>, <var>Desc</var>.[[Configurable]]).</li></ol></li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1361"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: All of the above <emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1362"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref> operations return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <var>obj</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-topropertydescriptor" aoid="ToPropertyDescriptor">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.5.5</span>ToPropertyDescriptor ( <var>Obj</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation ToPropertyDescriptor is called with object <var>Obj</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1363"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>) is not Object, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Let <var>desc</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_1364"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> that initially has no fields.</li><li>Let <var>hasEnumerable</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_1365"><a href="#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"enumerable"</code>).</li><li>If <var>hasEnumerable</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>enumerable</var> be <emu-xref aoid="ToBoolean" id="_ref_1366"><a href="#sec-toboolean">ToBoolean</a></emu-xref>(? <emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1367"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"enumerable"</code>)).</li><li>Set <var>desc</var>.[[Enumerable]] to <var>enumerable</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>hasConfigurable</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_1368"><a href="#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"configurable"</code>).</li><li>If <var>hasConfigurable</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>configurable</var> be <emu-xref aoid="ToBoolean" id="_ref_1369"><a href="#sec-toboolean">ToBoolean</a></emu-xref>(? <emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1370"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"configurable"</code>)).</li><li>Set <var>desc</var>.[[Configurable]] to <var>configurable</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>hasValue</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_1371"><a href="#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"value"</code>).</li><li>If <var>hasValue</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>value</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1372"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"value"</code>).</li><li>Set <var>desc</var>.[[Value]] to <var>value</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>hasWritable</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_1373"><a href="#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"writable"</code>).</li><li>If <var>hasWritable</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>writable</var> be <emu-xref aoid="ToBoolean" id="_ref_1374"><a href="#sec-toboolean">ToBoolean</a></emu-xref>(? <emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1375"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"writable"</code>)).</li><li>Set <var>desc</var>.[[Writable]] to <var>writable</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>hasGet</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_1376"><a href="#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"get"</code>).</li><li>If <var>hasGet</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>getter</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1377"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"get"</code>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsCallable" id="_ref_1378"><a href="#sec-iscallable">IsCallable</a></emu-xref>(<var>getter</var>) is <emu-val>false</emu-val> and <var>getter</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Set <var>desc</var>.[[Get]] to <var>getter</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>hasSet</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_1379"><a href="#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"set"</code>).</li><li>If <var>hasSet</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>setter</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1380"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>Obj</var>, <code>"set"</code>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsCallable" id="_ref_1381"><a href="#sec-iscallable">IsCallable</a></emu-xref>(<var>setter</var>) is <emu-val>false</emu-val> and <var>setter</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Set <var>desc</var>.[[Set]] to <var>setter</var>.</li></ol></li><li>If <var>desc</var>.[[Get]] is present or <var>desc</var>.[[Set]] is present, then<ol><li>If <var>desc</var>.[[Value]] is present or <var>desc</var>.[[Writable]] is present, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li></ol></li><li>Return <var>desc</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-completepropertydescriptor" aoid="CompletePropertyDescriptor">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.5.6</span>CompletePropertyDescriptor ( <var>Desc</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation CompletePropertyDescriptor is called with <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_1382"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> <var>Desc</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1383"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>Desc</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_1384"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>like</var> be <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1385"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> { [[Value]]: <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Get]]: <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, [[Set]]: <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val> }.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsGenericDescriptor" id="_ref_1386"><a href="#sec-isgenericdescriptor">IsGenericDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val> or <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_1387"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>Desc</var> does not have a [[Value]] field, set <var>Desc</var>.[[Value]] to <var>like</var>.[[Value]].</li><li>If <var>Desc</var> does not have a [[Writable]] field, set <var>Desc</var>.[[Writable]] to <var>like</var>.[[Writable]].</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>If <var>Desc</var> does not have a [[Get]] field, set <var>Desc</var>.[[Get]] to <var>like</var>.[[Get]].</li><li>If <var>Desc</var> does not have a [[Set]] field, set <var>Desc</var>.[[Set]] to <var>like</var>.[[Set]].</li></ol></li><li>If <var>Desc</var> does not have an [[Enumerable]] field, set <var>Desc</var>.[[Enumerable]] to <var>like</var>.[[Enumerable]].</li><li>If <var>Desc</var> does not have a [[Configurable]] field, set <var>Desc</var>.[[Configurable]] to <var>like</var>.[[Configurable]].</li><li>Return <var>Desc</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-lexical-environment-and-environment-record-specification-types">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.6</span>The Lexical Environment and Environment Record Specification Types</h1>
<p>The <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_1388"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> and <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1389"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
types are used to explain the behaviour of name resolution in nested
functions and blocks. These types and the operations upon them are
defined in <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_131"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">8.1</a></emu-xref>.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-data-blocks">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.7</span>Data Blocks</h1>
<p>The <dfn>Data Block</dfn> specification type is used to
describe a distinct and mutable sequence of byte-sized (8 bit) numeric
values. A Data Block value is created with a fixed number of bytes that
each have the initial value 0.</p>
<p>For notational convenience within this specification, an
array-like syntax can be used to access the individual bytes of a Data
Block value. This notation presents a Data Block value as a 0-origined
integer-indexed sequence of bytes. For example, if <var>db</var> is a 5 byte Data Block value then <var>db</var>[2] can be used to access its 3<sup>rd</sup> byte.</p>
<p>A data block that resides in memory that can be referenced from multiple agents concurrently is designated a <dfn>Shared Data Block</dfn>. A Shared Data Block has an identity (for the purposes of equality testing Shared Data Block values) that is <em>address-free</em>:
it is tied not to the virtual addresses the block is mapped to in any
process, but to the set of locations in memory that the block
represents. Two data blocks are equal only if the sets of the locations
they contain are equal; otherwise, they are not equal and the
intersection of the sets of locations they contain is empty. Finally,
Shared Data Blocks can be distinguished from Data Blocks.</p>
<p>The semantics of Shared Data Blocks is defined using Shared Data Block events by the <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model" id="_ref_1390"><a href="#sec-memory-model">memory model</a></emu-xref>. <emu-xref href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" id="_ref_1391"><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">Abstract operations</a></emu-xref> below introduce Shared Data Block events and act as the interface between evaluation semantics and the event semantics of the <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model" id="_ref_1392"><a href="#sec-memory-model">memory model</a></emu-xref>. The events form a <emu-xref href="#sec-candidate-executions" id="_ref_1393"><a href="#sec-candidate-executions">candidate execution</a></emu-xref>, on which the <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model" id="_ref_1394"><a href="#sec-memory-model">memory model</a></emu-xref> acts as a filter. Please consult the <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model" id="_ref_1395"><a href="#sec-memory-model">memory model</a></emu-xref> for full semantics.</p>
<p>Shared Data Block events are modeled by Records, defined in the <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model" id="_ref_1396"><a href="#sec-memory-model">memory model</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>The following <emu-xref href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" id="_ref_1397"><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">abstract operations</a></emu-xref> are used in this specification to operate upon Data Block values:</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-createbytedatablock" aoid="CreateByteDataBlock">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.7.1</span>CreateByteDataBlock ( <var>size</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation CreateByteDataBlock is called with integer argument <var>size</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1398"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>size</var> ≥ 0.</li><li>Let <var>db</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-data-blocks" id="_ref_1399"><a href="#sec-data-blocks">Data Block</a></emu-xref> value consisting of <var>size</var> bytes. If it is impossible to create such a <emu-xref href="#sec-data-blocks" id="_ref_1400"><a href="#sec-data-blocks">Data Block</a></emu-xref>, throw a <emu-val>RangeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Set all of the bytes of <var>db</var> to 0.</li><li>Return <var>db</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createsharedbytedatablock" aoid="CreateSharedByteDataBlock">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.7.2</span>CreateSharedByteDataBlock ( <var>size</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation CreateSharedByteDataBlock is called with integer argument <var>size</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1401"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>size</var> ≥ 0.</li><li>Let <var>db</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-data-blocks" id="_ref_1402"><a href="#sec-data-blocks">Shared Data Block</a></emu-xref> value consisting of <var>size</var> bytes. If it is impossible to create such a <emu-xref href="#sec-data-blocks" id="_ref_1403"><a href="#sec-data-blocks">Shared Data Block</a></emu-xref>, throw a <emu-val>RangeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Let <var>execution</var> be the [[CandidateExecution]] field of the <emu-xref href="#surrounding-agent" id="_ref_1404"><a href="#surrounding-agent">surrounding agent</a></emu-xref>'s <emu-xref href="#agent-record" id="_ref_1405"><a href="#agent-record">Agent Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>eventList</var> be the [[EventList]] field of the element in <var>execution</var>.[[EventsRecords]] whose [[AgentSignifier]] is <emu-xref aoid="AgentSignifier" id="_ref_1406"><a href="#sec-agentsignifier">AgentSignifier</a></emu-xref>().</li><li>Let <var>zero</var> be « 0 ».</li><li>For each index <var>i</var> of <var>db</var>, do<ol><li>Append <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model-fundamentals" id="_ref_1407"><a href="#sec-memory-model-fundamentals">WriteSharedMemory</a></emu-xref> { [[Order]]: <code>"Init"</code>, [[NoTear]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Block]]: <var>db</var>, [[ByteIndex]]: <var>i</var>, [[ElementSize]]: 1, [[Payload]]: <var>zero</var> } to <var>eventList</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <var>db</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-copydatablockbytes" aoid="CopyDataBlockBytes">
<h1><span class="secnum">6.2.7.3</span>CopyDataBlockBytes ( <var>toBlock</var>, <var>toIndex</var>, <var>fromBlock</var>, <var>fromIndex</var>, <var>count</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation CopyDataBlockBytes is called, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1408"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>fromBlock</var> and <var>toBlock</var> are distinct <emu-xref href="#sec-data-blocks" id="_ref_1409"><a href="#sec-data-blocks">Data Block</a></emu-xref> or <emu-xref href="#sec-data-blocks" id="_ref_1410"><a href="#sec-data-blocks">Shared Data Block</a></emu-xref> values.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1411"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>fromIndex</var>, <var>toIndex</var>, and <var>count</var> are integer values ≥ 0.</li><li>Let <var>fromSize</var> be the number of bytes in <var>fromBlock</var>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1412"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>fromIndex</var> + <var>count</var> ≤ <var>fromSize</var>.</li><li>Let <var>toSize</var> be the number of bytes in <var>toBlock</var>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1413"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>toIndex</var> + <var>count</var> ≤ <var>toSize</var>.</li><li>Repeat, while <var>count</var> &gt; 0<ol><li>If <var>fromBlock</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-data-blocks" id="_ref_1414"><a href="#sec-data-blocks">Shared Data Block</a></emu-xref>, then<ol><li>Let <var>execution</var> be the [[CandidateExecution]] field of the <emu-xref href="#surrounding-agent" id="_ref_1415"><a href="#surrounding-agent">surrounding agent</a></emu-xref>'s <emu-xref href="#agent-record" id="_ref_1416"><a href="#agent-record">Agent Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>eventList</var> be the [[EventList]] field of the element in <var>execution</var>.[[EventsRecords]] whose [[AgentSignifier]] is <emu-xref aoid="AgentSignifier" id="_ref_1417"><a href="#sec-agentsignifier">AgentSignifier</a></emu-xref>().</li><li>Let <var>bytes</var> be a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1418"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of length 1 that contains a nondeterministically chosen byte value.</li><li>NOTE: In implementations, <var>bytes</var>
is the result of a non-atomic read instruction on the underlying
hardware. The nondeterminism is a semantic prescription of the <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model" id="_ref_1419"><a href="#sec-memory-model">memory model</a></emu-xref> to describe observable behaviour of hardware with weak consistency.</li><li>Let <var>readEvent</var> be <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model-fundamentals" id="_ref_1420"><a href="#sec-memory-model-fundamentals">ReadSharedMemory</a></emu-xref> { [[Order]]: <code>"Unordered"</code>, [[NoTear]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Block]]: <var>fromBlock</var>, [[ByteIndex]]: <var>fromIndex</var>, [[ElementSize]]: 1 }.</li><li>Append <var>readEvent</var> to <var>eventList</var>.</li><li>Append <emu-xref href="#sec-chosen-value-records" id="_ref_1421"><a href="#sec-chosen-value-records">Chosen Value Record</a></emu-xref> { [[Event]]: <var>readEvent</var>, [[ChosenValue]]: <var>bytes</var> } to <var>execution</var>.[[ChosenValues]].</li><li>If <var>toBlock</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-data-blocks" id="_ref_1422"><a href="#sec-data-blocks">Shared Data Block</a></emu-xref>, then<ol><li>Append <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model-fundamentals" id="_ref_1423"><a href="#sec-memory-model-fundamentals">WriteSharedMemory</a></emu-xref> { [[Order]]: <code>"Unordered"</code>, [[NoTear]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Block]]: <var>toBlock</var>, [[ByteIndex]]: <var>toIndex</var>, [[ElementSize]]: 1, [[Payload]]: <var>bytes</var> } to <var>eventList</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>Set <var>toBlock</var>[<var>toIndex</var>] to <var>bytes</var>[0].</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1424"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>toBlock</var> is not a <emu-xref href="#sec-data-blocks" id="_ref_1425"><a href="#sec-data-blocks">Shared Data Block</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Set <var>toBlock</var>[<var>toIndex</var>] to <var>fromBlock</var>[<var>fromIndex</var>].</li></ol></li><li>Increment <var>toIndex</var> and <var>fromIndex</var> each by 1.</li><li>Decrement <var>count</var> by 1.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_1426"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-const>empty</emu-const>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-abstract-operations">
<h1><span class="secnum">7</span>Abstract Operations</h1>
<p>These operations are not a part of the ECMAScript language; they
are defined here to solely to aid the specification of the semantics of
the ECMAScript language. Other, more specialized <emu-xref href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" id="_ref_1427"><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">abstract operations</a></emu-xref> are defined throughout this specification.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-type-conversion">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1</span>Type Conversion</h1>
<p>The ECMAScript language implicitly performs automatic type
conversion as needed. To clarify the semantics of certain constructs it
is useful to define a set of conversion <emu-xref href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" id="_ref_1428"><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">abstract operations</a></emu-xref>. The conversion <emu-xref href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" id="_ref_1429"><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">abstract operations</a></emu-xref> are polymorphic; they can accept a value of any <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1430"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language type</a></emu-xref>. But no other specification types are used with these operations.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-toprimitive" aoid="ToPrimitive" oldids="table-9">
<span id="table-9"></span><h1><span class="secnum">7.1.1</span>ToPrimitive ( <var>input</var> [ , <var>PreferredType</var> ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToPrimitive takes an <var>input</var> argument and an optional argument <var>PreferredType</var>. The abstract operation ToPrimitive converts its <var>input</var>
argument to a non-Object type. If an object is capable of converting to
more than one primitive type, it may use the optional hint <var>PreferredType</var> to favour that type. Conversion occurs according to the following algorithm:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1431"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>input</var> is an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1432"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1433"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>input</var>) is Object, then<ol><li>If <var>PreferredType</var> is not present, let <var>hint</var> be <code>"default"</code>.</li><li>Else if <var>PreferredType</var> is hint String, let <var>hint</var> be <code>"string"</code>.</li><li>Else <var>PreferredType</var> is hint Number, let <var>hint</var> be <code>"number"</code>.</li><li>Let <var>exoticToPrim</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetMethod" id="_ref_1434"><a href="#sec-getmethod">GetMethod</a></emu-xref>(<var>input</var>, @@toPrimitive).</li><li>If <var>exoticToPrim</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>result</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Call" id="_ref_1435"><a href="#sec-call">Call</a></emu-xref>(<var>exoticToPrim</var>, <var>input</var>, « <var>hint</var> »).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1436"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>result</var>) is not Object, return <var>result</var>.</li><li>Throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li></ol></li><li>If <var>hint</var> is <code>"default"</code>, set <var>hint</var> to <code>"number"</code>.</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryToPrimitive" id="_ref_1437"><a href="#sec-ordinarytoprimitive">OrdinaryToPrimitive</a></emu-xref>(<var>input</var>, <var>hint</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Return <var>input</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>When ToPrimitive is called with no hint, then it generally
behaves as if the hint were Number. However, objects may over-ride this
behaviour by defining a @@toPrimitive method. Of the objects defined in
this specification only Date objects (see <emu-xref href="#sec-date.prototype-@@toprimitive" id="_ref_132"><a href="#sec-date.prototype-@@toprimitive">20.3.4.45</a></emu-xref>) and Symbol objects (see <emu-xref href="#sec-symbol.prototype-@@toprimitive" id="_ref_133"><a href="#sec-symbol.prototype-@@toprimitive">19.4.3.5</a></emu-xref>) over-ride the default ToPrimitive behaviour. Date objects treat no hint as if the hint were String.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinarytoprimitive" aoid="OrdinaryToPrimitive">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.1.1</span>OrdinaryToPrimitive ( <var>O</var>, <var>hint</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryToPrimitive is called with arguments <var>O</var> and <var>hint</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1438"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1439"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1440"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1441"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>hint</var>) is String and its value is either <code>"string"</code> or <code>"number"</code>.</li><li>If <var>hint</var> is <code>"string"</code>, then<ol><li>Let <var>methodNames</var> be « <code>"toString"</code>, <code>"valueOf"</code> ».</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>Let <var>methodNames</var> be « <code>"valueOf"</code>, <code>"toString"</code> ».</li></ol></li><li>For each <var>name</var> in <var>methodNames</var> in <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1442"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> order, do<ol><li>Let <var>method</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1443"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>name</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsCallable" id="_ref_1444"><a href="#sec-iscallable">IsCallable</a></emu-xref>(<var>method</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>result</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Call" id="_ref_1445"><a href="#sec-call">Call</a></emu-xref>(<var>method</var>, <var>O</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1446"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>result</var>) is not Object, return <var>result</var>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-toboolean" aoid="ToBoolean">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.2</span>ToBoolean ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToBoolean converts <var>argument</var> to a value of type Boolean according to <emu-xref href="#table-10" id="_ref_134"><a href="#table-10">Table 9</a></emu-xref>:</p>
<emu-table id="table-10" caption="ToBoolean Conversions"><figure><figcaption>Table 9: <emu-xref aoid="ToBoolean" id="_ref_1447"><a href="#sec-toboolean">ToBoolean</a></emu-xref> Conversions</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Argument Type
</th>
<th>
Result
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Undefined
</td>
<td>
Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Null
</td>
<td>
Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Boolean
</td>
<td>
Return <var>argument</var>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Number
</td>
<td>
If <var>argument</var> is <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, or <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>; otherwise return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
String
</td>
<td>
If <var>argument</var> is the empty String (its length is zero), return <emu-val>false</emu-val>; otherwise return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Symbol
</td>
<td>
Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Object
</td>
<td>
Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-tonumber" aoid="ToNumber">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.3</span>ToNumber ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToNumber converts <var>argument</var> to a value of type Number according to <emu-xref href="#table-11" id="_ref_135"><a href="#table-11">Table 10</a></emu-xref>:</p>
<emu-table id="table-11" caption="ToNumber Conversions"><figure><figcaption>Table 10: <emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1448"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref> Conversions</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Argument Type
</th>
<th>
Result
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Undefined
</td>
<td>
Return <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Null
</td>
<td>
Return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Boolean
</td>
<td>
If <var>argument</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return 1. If <var>argument</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Number
</td>
<td>
Return <var>argument</var> (no conversion).
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
String
</td>
<td>
See grammar and conversion algorithm below.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Symbol
</td>
<td>
Throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Object
</td>
<td>
<p>Apply the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>primValue</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToPrimitive" id="_ref_1449"><a href="#sec-toprimitive">ToPrimitive</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>, hint Number).</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1450"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>primValue</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<emu-clause id="sec-tonumber-applied-to-the-string-type">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.3.1</span>ToNumber Applied to the String Type</h1>
<p><emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1451"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref> applied to Strings applies the following grammar to the input String interpreted as a sequence of UTF-16 encoded code points (<emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type" id="_ref_136"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type">6.1.4</a></emu-xref>). If the grammar cannot interpret the String as an expansion of <emu-nt id="_ref_8934"><a href="#prod-StringNumericLiteral">StringNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt>, then the result of <emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1452"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 1</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The terminal symbols of this grammar are all composed of
characters in the Unicode Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Therefore, the
result of <emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1453"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref> will be <emu-val>NaN</emu-val> if the string contains any <emu-xref href="#leading-surrogate" id="_ref_137"><a href="#leading-surrogate">leading surrogate</a></emu-xref> or <emu-xref href="#trailing-surrogate" id="_ref_138"><a href="#trailing-surrogate">trailing surrogate</a></emu-xref> code units, whether paired or unpaired.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<emu-grammar type="definition"><emu-production name="StringNumericLiteral" type="regexp" id="prod-StringNumericLiteral">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StringNumericLiteral">StringNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="9a4be900"><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8935"><a href="#prod-StrWhiteSpace">StrWhiteSpace</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="fe58c396"><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8936"><a href="#prod-StrWhiteSpace">StrWhiteSpace</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-nt id="_ref_8937"><a href="#prod-StrNumericLiteral">StrNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8938"><a href="#prod-StrWhiteSpace">StrWhiteSpace</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="StrWhiteSpace" type="regexp" id="prod-StrWhiteSpace">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrWhiteSpace">StrWhiteSpace</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="2b0ea266"><emu-nt id="_ref_8939"><a href="#prod-StrWhiteSpaceChar">StrWhiteSpaceChar</a></emu-nt><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8940"><a href="#prod-StrWhiteSpace">StrWhiteSpace</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="StrWhiteSpaceChar" type="regexp" id="prod-StrWhiteSpaceChar">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrWhiteSpaceChar">StrWhiteSpaceChar</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="1424dc49"><emu-nt id="_ref_8941"><a href="#prod-WhiteSpace">WhiteSpace</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="3b331ccd"><emu-nt id="_ref_8942"><a href="#prod-LineTerminator">LineTerminator</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="StrNumericLiteral" type="regexp" id="prod-StrNumericLiteral">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrNumericLiteral">StrNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="db369ee0"><emu-nt id="_ref_8943"><a href="#prod-StrDecimalLiteral">StrDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="d3d71ddd"><emu-nt id="_ref_8944"><a href="#prod-BinaryIntegerLiteral">BinaryIntegerLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="832f57ee"><emu-nt id="_ref_8945"><a href="#prod-OctalIntegerLiteral">OctalIntegerLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="1d0c4a66"><emu-nt id="_ref_8946"><a href="#prod-HexIntegerLiteral">HexIntegerLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="StrDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" id="prod-StrDecimalLiteral">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrDecimalLiteral">StrDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="477fcd23"><emu-nt id="_ref_8947"><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="a3f639a9"><emu-t>+</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8948"><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="d60f01a5"><emu-t>-</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8949"><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production>
<emu-production name="StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" id="prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="4afe8df8"><emu-t>Infinity</emu-t></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="8a89062c"><emu-nt id="_ref_8950"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-t>.</emu-t><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8951"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8952"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="5cf3aa35"><emu-t>.</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8953"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8954"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
<emu-rhs a="24e27af7"><emu-nt id="_ref_8955"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8956"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar>
<p>All grammar symbols not explicitly defined above have the definitions used in the Lexical Grammar for numeric literals (<emu-xref href="#sec-literals-numeric-literals" id="_ref_139"><a href="#sec-literals-numeric-literals">11.8.3</a></emu-xref>)</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 2</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Some differences should be noted between the syntax of a <emu-nt id="_ref_8957"><a href="#prod-StringNumericLiteral">StringNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt> and a <emu-nt id="_ref_8958"><a href="#prod-NumericLiteral">NumericLiteral</a></emu-nt>:</p>
<ul>
<li>
A <emu-nt id="_ref_8959"><a href="#prod-StringNumericLiteral">StringNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt> may include leading and/or trailing white space and/or line terminators.
</li>
<li>
A <emu-nt id="_ref_8960"><a href="#prod-StringNumericLiteral">StringNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt> that is decimal may have any number of leading <code>0</code> digits.
</li>
<li>
A <emu-nt id="_ref_8961"><a href="#prod-StringNumericLiteral">StringNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt> that is decimal may include a <code>+</code> or <code>-</code> to indicate its sign.
</li>
<li>
A <emu-nt id="_ref_8962"><a href="#prod-StringNumericLiteral">StringNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt> that is empty or contains only white space is converted to <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.
</li>
<li>
<code>Infinity</code> and <code>-Infinity</code> are recognized as a <emu-nt id="_ref_8963"><a href="#prod-StringNumericLiteral">StringNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt> but not as a <emu-nt id="_ref_8964"><a href="#prod-NumericLiteral">NumericLiteral</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
</ul>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-clause id="sec-runtime-semantics-mv-s">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.3.1.1</span>Runtime Semantics: MV</h1>
<p>The conversion of a String to a Number value is similar
overall to the determination of the Number value for a numeric literal
(see <emu-xref href="#sec-literals-numeric-literals" id="_ref_140"><a href="#sec-literals-numeric-literals">11.8.3</a></emu-xref>),
but some of the details are different, so the process for converting a
String numeric literal to a value of Number type is given here. This
value is determined in two steps: first, a mathematical value (MV) is
derived from the String numeric literal; second, this mathematical value
is rounded as described below. The MV on any grammar symbol, not
provided below, is the MV for that symbol defined in <emu-xref href="#sec-static-semantics-mv" id="_ref_141"><a href="#sec-static-semantics-mv">11.8.3.1</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<ul>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StringNumericLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StringNumericLiteral">StringNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="37b9c04c"><emu-gann>[empty]</emu-gann></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is 0.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StringNumericLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StringNumericLiteral">StringNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="63c9217f"><emu-nt id="_ref_8965"><a href="#prod-StrWhiteSpace">StrWhiteSpace</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is 0.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StringNumericLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StringNumericLiteral">StringNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="fe58c396"><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8966"><a href="#prod-StrWhiteSpace">StrWhiteSpace</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt><emu-nt id="_ref_8967"><a href="#prod-StrNumericLiteral">StrNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-nt optional="" id="_ref_8968"><a href="#prod-StrWhiteSpace">StrWhiteSpace</a><emu-mods><emu-opt>opt</emu-opt></emu-mods></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8969"><a href="#prod-StrNumericLiteral">StrNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt>, no matter whether white space is present or not.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrNumericLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrNumericLiteral">StrNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="db369ee0"><emu-nt id="_ref_8970"><a href="#prod-StrDecimalLiteral">StrDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8971"><a href="#prod-StrDecimalLiteral">StrDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrNumericLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrNumericLiteral">StrNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="d3d71ddd"><emu-nt id="_ref_8972"><a href="#prod-BinaryIntegerLiteral">BinaryIntegerLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8973"><a href="#prod-BinaryIntegerLiteral">BinaryIntegerLiteral</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrNumericLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrNumericLiteral">StrNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="832f57ee"><emu-nt id="_ref_8974"><a href="#prod-OctalIntegerLiteral">OctalIntegerLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8975"><a href="#prod-OctalIntegerLiteral">OctalIntegerLiteral</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrNumericLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrNumericLiteral">StrNumericLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="1d0c4a66"><emu-nt id="_ref_8976"><a href="#prod-HexIntegerLiteral">HexIntegerLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8977"><a href="#prod-HexIntegerLiteral">HexIntegerLiteral</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrDecimalLiteral">StrDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="477fcd23"><emu-nt id="_ref_8978"><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8979"><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrDecimalLiteral">StrDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="a3f639a9"><emu-t>+</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8980"><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8981"><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrDecimalLiteral">StrDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="d60f01a5"><emu-t>-</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8982"><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the negative of the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8983"><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt>. (Note that if the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8984"><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt>
is 0, the negative of this MV is also 0. The rounding rule described
below handles the conversion of this signless mathematical zero to a
floating-point <emu-val>+0</emu-val> or <emu-val>-0</emu-val> as appropriate.)
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="4afe8df8"><emu-t>Infinity</emu-t></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is 10<sup>10000</sup> (a value so large that it will round to <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>).
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="33bf537e"><emu-nt id="_ref_8985"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-t>.</emu-t></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8986"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="4565db95"><emu-nt id="_ref_8987"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-t>.</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8988"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of the first <emu-nt id="_ref_8989"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt> plus (the MV of the second <emu-nt id="_ref_8990"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt> times 10<sup>-<var>n</var></sup>), where <var>n</var> is the number of code points in the second <emu-nt id="_ref_8991"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="6f5fda9f"><emu-nt id="_ref_8992"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-t>.</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8993"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8994"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt> times 10<sup><var>e</var></sup>, where <var>e</var> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_8995"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="4694f1d2"><emu-nt id="_ref_8996"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-t>.</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_8997"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-nt id="_ref_8998"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is (the MV of the first <emu-nt id="_ref_8999"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt> plus (the MV of the second <emu-nt id="_ref_9000"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt> times 10<sup>-<var>n</var></sup>)) times 10<sup><var>e</var></sup>, where <var>n</var> is the number of code points in the second <emu-nt id="_ref_9001"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt> and <var>e</var> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_9002"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="c1f33372"><emu-t>.</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_9003"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_9004"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt> times 10<sup>-<var>n</var></sup>, where <var>n</var> is the number of code points in <emu-nt id="_ref_9005"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="0cd5f3c3"><emu-t>.</emu-t><emu-nt id="_ref_9006"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-nt id="_ref_9007"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_9008"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt> times 10<sup><var>e</var> - <var>n</var></sup>, where <var>n</var> is the number of code points in <emu-nt id="_ref_9009"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt> and <var>e</var> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_9010"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="6d7b4e5f"><emu-nt id="_ref_9011"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_9012"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
<li>
The MV of <emu-grammar><emu-production name="StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral" type="regexp" collapsed="" class=" inline">
<emu-nt><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt><emu-geq>:::</emu-geq><emu-rhs a="2e993467"><emu-nt id="_ref_9013"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt><emu-nt id="_ref_9014"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a></emu-nt></emu-rhs>
</emu-production></emu-grammar> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_9015"><a href="#prod-DecimalDigits">DecimalDigits</a></emu-nt> times 10<sup><var>e</var></sup>, where <var>e</var> is the MV of <emu-nt id="_ref_9016"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a></emu-nt>.
</li>
</ul>
<p>Once the exact MV for a String numeric literal has been
determined, it is then rounded to a value of the Number type. If the MV
is 0, then the rounded value is <emu-val>+0</emu-val> unless the first non white space code point in the String numeric literal is <code>"-"</code>, in which case the rounded value is <emu-val>-0</emu-val>. Otherwise, the rounded value must be the Number value for the MV (in the sense defined in <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-number-type" id="_ref_142"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-number-type">6.1.6</a></emu-xref>), unless the literal includes a <emu-nt id="_ref_9017"><a href="#prod-StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral">StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral</a></emu-nt>
and the literal has more than 20 significant digits, in which case the
Number value may be either the Number value for the MV of a literal
produced by replacing each significant digit after the 20th with a 0
digit or the Number value for the MV of a literal produced by replacing
each significant digit after the 20th with a 0 digit and then
incrementing the literal at the 20th digit position. A digit is
significant if it is not part of an <emu-nt id="_ref_9018"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a></emu-nt> and</p>
<ul>
<li>
it is not <code>0</code>; or
</li>
<li>
there is a nonzero digit to its left and there is a nonzero digit, not in the <emu-nt id="_ref_9019"><a href="#prod-ExponentPart">ExponentPart</a></emu-nt>, to its right.
</li>
</ul>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-tointeger" aoid="ToInteger">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.4</span>ToInteger ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToInteger converts <var>argument</var> to an integral numeric value. This abstract operation functions as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>number</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1454"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).</li><li>If <var>number</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>number</var> is <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>, or <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>, return <var>number</var>.</li><li>Return the number value that is the same sign as <var>number</var> and whose magnitude is <emu-xref aoid="floor" id="_ref_1455"><a href="#eqn-floor">floor</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_1456"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>number</var>)).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-toint32" aoid="ToInt32">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.5</span>ToInt32 ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToInt32 converts <var>argument</var> to one of 2<sup>32</sup> integer values in the range <emu-eqn class="inline">-2<sup>31</sup></emu-eqn> through <emu-eqn class="inline">2<sup>31</sup> - 1</emu-eqn>, inclusive. This abstract operation functions as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>number</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1457"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).</li><li>If <var>number</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>, or <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>, return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>int</var> be the mathematical value that is the same sign as <var>number</var> and whose magnitude is <emu-xref aoid="floor" id="_ref_1458"><a href="#eqn-floor">floor</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_1459"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>number</var>)).</li><li>Let <var>int32bit</var> be <var>int</var> <emu-xref aoid="modulo" id="_ref_1460"><a href="#eqn-modulo">modulo</a></emu-xref> 2<sup>32</sup>.</li><li>If <var>int32bit</var> ≥ 2<sup>31</sup>, return <var>int32bit</var> - 2<sup>32</sup>; otherwise return <var>int32bit</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Given the above definition of ToInt32:</p>
<ul>
<li>
The ToInt32 abstract operation is idempotent: if applied to a
result that it produced, the second application leaves that value
unchanged.
</li>
<li>
ToInt32(<emu-xref aoid="ToUint32" id="_ref_1461"><a href="#sec-touint32">ToUint32</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>)) is equal to ToInt32(<var>x</var>) for all values of <var>x</var>. (It is to preserve this latter property that <emu-val>+∞</emu-val> and <emu-val>-∞</emu-val> are mapped to <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.)
</li>
<li>
ToInt32 maps <emu-val>-0</emu-val> to <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.
</li>
</ul>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-touint32" aoid="ToUint32">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.6</span>ToUint32 ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToUint32 converts <var>argument</var> to one of 2<sup>32</sup> integer values in the range 0 through <emu-eqn class="inline">2<sup>32</sup> - 1</emu-eqn>, inclusive. This abstract operation functions as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>number</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1462"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).</li><li>If <var>number</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>, or <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>, return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>int</var> be the mathematical value that is the same sign as <var>number</var> and whose magnitude is <emu-xref aoid="floor" id="_ref_1463"><a href="#eqn-floor">floor</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_1464"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>number</var>)).</li><li>Let <var>int32bit</var> be <var>int</var> <emu-xref aoid="modulo" id="_ref_1465"><a href="#eqn-modulo">modulo</a></emu-xref> 2<sup>32</sup>.</li><li>Return <var>int32bit</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Given the above definition of ToUint32:</p>
<ul>
<li>
Step 5 is the only difference between ToUint32 and <emu-xref aoid="ToInt32" id="_ref_1466"><a href="#sec-toint32">ToInt32</a></emu-xref>.
</li>
<li>
The ToUint32 abstract operation is idempotent: if applied to
a result that it produced, the second application leaves that value
unchanged.
</li>
<li>
ToUint32(<emu-xref aoid="ToInt32" id="_ref_1467"><a href="#sec-toint32">ToInt32</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>)) is equal to ToUint32(<var>x</var>) for all values of <var>x</var>. (It is to preserve this latter property that <emu-val>+∞</emu-val> and <emu-val>-∞</emu-val> are mapped to <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.)
</li>
<li>
ToUint32 maps <emu-val>-0</emu-val> to <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.
</li>
</ul>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-toint16" aoid="ToInt16">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.7</span>ToInt16 ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToInt16 converts <var>argument</var> to one of 2<sup>16</sup> integer values in the range -32768 through 32767, inclusive. This abstract operation functions as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>number</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1468"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).</li><li>If <var>number</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>, or <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>, return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>int</var> be the mathematical value that is the same sign as <var>number</var> and whose magnitude is <emu-xref aoid="floor" id="_ref_1469"><a href="#eqn-floor">floor</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_1470"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>number</var>)).</li><li>Let <var>int16bit</var> be <var>int</var> <emu-xref aoid="modulo" id="_ref_1471"><a href="#eqn-modulo">modulo</a></emu-xref> 2<sup>16</sup>.</li><li>If <var>int16bit</var> ≥ 2<sup>15</sup>, return <var>int16bit</var> - 2<sup>16</sup>; otherwise return <var>int16bit</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-touint16" aoid="ToUint16">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.8</span>ToUint16 ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToUint16 converts <var>argument</var> to one of 2<sup>16</sup> integer values in the range 0 through <emu-eqn class="inline">2<sup>16</sup> - 1</emu-eqn>, inclusive. This abstract operation functions as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>number</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1472"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).</li><li>If <var>number</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>, or <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>, return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>int</var> be the mathematical value that is the same sign as <var>number</var> and whose magnitude is <emu-xref aoid="floor" id="_ref_1473"><a href="#eqn-floor">floor</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_1474"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>number</var>)).</li><li>Let <var>int16bit</var> be <var>int</var> <emu-xref aoid="modulo" id="_ref_1475"><a href="#eqn-modulo">modulo</a></emu-xref> 2<sup>16</sup>.</li><li>Return <var>int16bit</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Given the above definition of ToUint16:</p>
<ul>
<li>
The substitution of 2<sup>16</sup> for 2<sup>32</sup> in step 4 is the only difference between <emu-xref aoid="ToUint32" id="_ref_1476"><a href="#sec-touint32">ToUint32</a></emu-xref> and ToUint16.
</li>
<li>
ToUint16 maps <emu-val>-0</emu-val> to <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.
</li>
</ul>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-toint8" aoid="ToInt8">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.9</span>ToInt8 ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToInt8 converts <var>argument</var> to one of 2<sup>8</sup> integer values in the range -128 through 127, inclusive. This abstract operation functions as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>number</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1477"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).</li><li>If <var>number</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>, or <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>, return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>int</var> be the mathematical value that is the same sign as <var>number</var> and whose magnitude is <emu-xref aoid="floor" id="_ref_1478"><a href="#eqn-floor">floor</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_1479"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>number</var>)).</li><li>Let <var>int8bit</var> be <var>int</var> <emu-xref aoid="modulo" id="_ref_1480"><a href="#eqn-modulo">modulo</a></emu-xref> 2<sup>8</sup>.</li><li>If <var>int8bit</var> ≥ 2<sup>7</sup>, return <var>int8bit</var> - 2<sup>8</sup>; otherwise return <var>int8bit</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-touint8" aoid="ToUint8">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.10</span>ToUint8 ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToUint8 converts <var>argument</var> to one of 2<sup>8</sup> integer values in the range 0 through 255, inclusive. This abstract operation functions as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>number</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1481"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).</li><li>If <var>number</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>, or <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>, return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>int</var> be the mathematical value that is the same sign as <var>number</var> and whose magnitude is <emu-xref aoid="floor" id="_ref_1482"><a href="#eqn-floor">floor</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_1483"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>number</var>)).</li><li>Let <var>int8bit</var> be <var>int</var> <emu-xref aoid="modulo" id="_ref_1484"><a href="#eqn-modulo">modulo</a></emu-xref> 2<sup>8</sup>.</li><li>Return <var>int8bit</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-touint8clamp" aoid="ToUint8Clamp">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.11</span>ToUint8Clamp ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToUint8Clamp converts <var>argument</var> to one of 2<sup>8</sup> integer values in the range 0 through 255, inclusive. This abstract operation functions as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>number</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1485"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).</li><li>If <var>number</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>number</var> ≤ 0, return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>number</var> ≥ 255, return 255.</li><li>Let <var>f</var> be <emu-xref aoid="floor" id="_ref_1486"><a href="#eqn-floor">floor</a></emu-xref>(<var>number</var>).</li><li>If <var>f</var> + 0.5 &lt; <var>number</var>, return <var>f</var> + 1.</li><li>If <var>number</var> &lt; <var>f</var> + 0.5, return <var>f</var>.</li><li>If <var>f</var> is odd, return <var>f</var> + 1.</li><li>Return <var>f</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Unlike the other ECMAScript integer conversion abstract
operation, ToUint8Clamp rounds rather than truncates non-integer values
and does not convert <emu-val>+∞</emu-val> to 0. ToUint8Clamp does “round half to even” tie-breaking. This differs from <code>Math.round</code> which does “round half up” tie-breaking.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-tostring" aoid="ToString">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.12</span>ToString ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToString converts <var>argument</var> to a value of type String according to <emu-xref href="#table-12" id="_ref_143"><a href="#table-12">Table 11</a></emu-xref>:</p>
<emu-table id="table-12" caption="ToString Conversions"><figure><figcaption>Table 11: <emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_1487"><a href="#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref> Conversions</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Argument Type
</th>
<th>
Result
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Undefined
</td>
<td>
Return <code>"undefined"</code>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Null
</td>
<td>
Return <code>"null"</code>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Boolean
</td>
<td>
<p>If <var>argument</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <code>"true"</code>.</p>
<p>If <var>argument</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <code>"false"</code>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Number
</td>
<td>
Return <emu-xref aoid="NumberToString" id="_ref_1488"><a href="#sec-tostring-applied-to-the-number-type">NumberToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
String
</td>
<td>
Return <var>argument</var>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Symbol
</td>
<td>
Throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Object
</td>
<td>
<p>Apply the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>primValue</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToPrimitive" id="_ref_1489"><a href="#sec-toprimitive">ToPrimitive</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>, hint String).</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_1490"><a href="#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>primValue</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<emu-clause id="sec-tostring-applied-to-the-number-type" aoid="NumberToString">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.12.1</span>NumberToString ( <var>m</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation NumberToString converts a Number <var>m</var> to String format as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>m</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, return the String <code>"NaN"</code>.</li><li>If <var>m</var> is <emu-val>+0</emu-val> or <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, return the String <code>"0"</code>.</li><li>If <var>m</var> is less than zero, return the <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type" id="_ref_1491"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type">string-concatenation</a></emu-xref> of <code>"-"</code> and !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="NumberToString" id="_ref_1492"><a href="#sec-tostring-applied-to-the-number-type">NumberToString</a></emu-xref>(-<var>m</var>).</li><li>If <var>m</var> is <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>, return the String <code>"Infinity"</code>.</li><li>Otherwise, let <var>n</var>, <var>k</var>, and <var>s</var> be integers such that <var>k</var> ≥ 1, 10<sup><var>k</var> - 1</sup> ≤ <var>s</var> &lt; 10<sup><var>k</var></sup>, the Number value for <var>s</var> × 10<sup><var>n</var> - <var>k</var></sup> is <var>m</var>, and <var>k</var> is as small as possible. Note that <var>k</var> is the number of digits in the decimal representation of <var>s</var>, that <var>s</var> is not divisible by 10, and that the least significant digit of <var>s</var> is not necessarily uniquely determined by these criteria.</li><li>If <var>k</var> ≤ <var>n</var> ≤ 21, return the <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type" id="_ref_1493"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type">string-concatenation</a></emu-xref> of:<ul><li>the code units of the <var>k</var> digits of the decimal representation of <var>s</var> (in order, with no leading zeroes)</li><li><var>n</var> - <var>k</var> occurrences of the code unit 0x0030 (DIGIT ZERO)</li></ul></li><li>If 0 &lt; <var>n</var> ≤ 21, return the <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type" id="_ref_1494"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type">string-concatenation</a></emu-xref> of:<ul><li>the code units of the most significant <var>n</var> digits of the decimal representation of <var>s</var></li><li>the code unit 0x002E (FULL STOP)</li><li>the code units of the remaining <var>k</var> - <var>n</var> digits of the decimal representation of <var>s</var></li></ul></li><li>If -6 &lt; <var>n</var> ≤ 0, return the <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type" id="_ref_1495"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type">string-concatenation</a></emu-xref> of:<ul><li>the code unit 0x0030 (DIGIT ZERO)</li><li>the code unit 0x002E (FULL STOP)</li><li>-<var>n</var> occurrences of the code unit 0x0030 (DIGIT ZERO)</li><li>the code units of the <var>k</var> digits of the decimal representation of <var>s</var></li></ul></li><li>Otherwise, if <var>k</var> = 1, return the <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type" id="_ref_1496"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type">string-concatenation</a></emu-xref> of:<ul><li>the code unit of the single digit of <var>s</var></li><li>the code unit 0x0065 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E)</li><li>the code unit 0x002B (PLUS SIGN) or the code unit 0x002D (HYPHEN-MINUS) according to whether <var>n</var> - 1 is positive or negative</li><li>the code units of the decimal representation of the integer <emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_1497"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>n</var> - 1) (with no leading zeroes)</li></ul></li><li>Return the <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type" id="_ref_1498"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type">string-concatenation</a></emu-xref> of:<ul><li>the code units of the most significant digit of the decimal representation of <var>s</var></li><li>the code unit 0x002E (FULL STOP)</li><li>the code units of the remaining <var>k</var> - 1 digits of the decimal representation of <var>s</var></li><li>the code unit 0x0065 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E)</li><li>the code unit 0x002B (PLUS SIGN) or the code unit 0x002D (HYPHEN-MINUS) according to whether <var>n</var> - 1 is positive or negative</li><li>the code units of the decimal representation of the integer <emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_1499"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>n</var> - 1) (with no leading zeroes)
</li></ul></li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 1</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The following observations may be useful as guidelines for
implementations, but are not part of the normative requirements of this
Standard:</p>
<ul>
<li>
If x is any Number value other than <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, then <emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1500"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_1501"><a href="#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(x)) is exactly the same Number value as x.
</li>
<li>
The least significant digit of s is not always uniquely determined by the requirements listed in step 5.
</li>
</ul>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 2</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>For implementations that provide more accurate conversions
than required by the rules above, it is recommended that the following
alternative version of step 5 be used as a guideline:</p>
<emu-alg><ol start="5"><li>Otherwise, let <var>n</var>, <var>k</var>, and <var>s</var> be integers such that <var>k</var> ≥ 1, 10<sup><var>k</var> - 1</sup> ≤ <var>s</var> &lt; 10<sup><var>k</var></sup>, the Number value for <var>s</var> × 10<sup><var>n</var> - <var>k</var></sup> is <var>m</var>, and <var>k</var> is as small as possible. If there are multiple possibilities for <var>s</var>, choose the value of <var>s</var> for which <var>s</var> × 10<sup><var>n</var> - <var>k</var></sup> is closest in value to <var>m</var>. If there are two such possible values of <var>s</var>, choose the one that is even. Note that <var>k</var> is the number of digits in the decimal representation of <var>s</var> and that <var>s</var> is not divisible by 10.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 3</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Implementers of ECMAScript may find useful the paper and
code written by David M. Gay for binary-to-decimal conversion of
floating-point numbers:</p>
<p>Gay, David M. Correctly Rounded Binary-Decimal and
Decimal-Binary Conversions. Numerical Analysis, Manuscript 90-10.
AT&amp;T Bell Laboratories (Murray Hill, New Jersey). November 30, 1990.
Available as
<br>
<a href="http://ampl.com/REFS/abstracts.html#rounding">http://ampl.com/REFS/abstracts.html#rounding</a>. Associated code available as
<br>
<a href="http://netlib.sandia.gov/fp/dtoa.c">http://netlib.sandia.gov/fp/dtoa.c</a> and as
<br>
<a href="http://netlib.sandia.gov/fp/g_fmt.c">http://netlib.sandia.gov/fp/g_fmt.c</a> and may also be found at the various <code>netlib</code> mirror sites.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-toobject" aoid="ToObject">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.13</span>ToObject ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToObject converts <var>argument</var> to a value of type Object according to <emu-xref href="#table-13" id="_ref_144"><a href="#table-13">Table 12</a></emu-xref>:</p>
<emu-table id="table-13" caption="ToObject Conversions"><figure><figcaption>Table 12: <emu-xref aoid="ToObject" id="_ref_1502"><a href="#sec-toobject">ToObject</a></emu-xref> Conversions</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Argument Type
</th>
<th>
Result
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Undefined
</td>
<td>
Throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Null
</td>
<td>
Throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Boolean
</td>
<td>
Return a new Boolean object whose [[BooleanData]] internal slot is set to <var>argument</var>. See <emu-xref href="#sec-boolean-objects" id="_ref_145"><a href="#sec-boolean-objects">19.3</a></emu-xref> for a description of Boolean objects.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Number
</td>
<td>
Return a new Number object whose [[NumberData]] internal slot is set to <var>argument</var>. See <emu-xref href="#sec-number-objects" id="_ref_146"><a href="#sec-number-objects">20.1</a></emu-xref> for a description of Number objects.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
String
</td>
<td>
Return a new String object whose [[StringData]] internal slot is set to <var>argument</var>. See <emu-xref href="#sec-string-objects" id="_ref_147"><a href="#sec-string-objects">21.1</a></emu-xref> for a description of String objects.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Symbol
</td>
<td>
Return a new Symbol object whose [[SymbolData]] internal slot is set to <var>argument</var>. See <emu-xref href="#sec-symbol-objects" id="_ref_148"><a href="#sec-symbol-objects">19.4</a></emu-xref> for a description of Symbol objects.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Object
</td>
<td>
Return <var>argument</var>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-topropertykey" aoid="ToPropertyKey">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.14</span>ToPropertyKey ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToPropertyKey converts <var>argument</var> to a value that can be used as a property key by performing the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>key</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToPrimitive" id="_ref_1503"><a href="#sec-toprimitive">ToPrimitive</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>, hint String).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1504"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>key</var>) is Symbol, then<ol><li>Return <var>key</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Return !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_1505"><a href="#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>key</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-tolength" aoid="ToLength">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.15</span>ToLength ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToLength converts <var>argument</var> to an integer suitable for use as the length of an array-like object. It performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>len</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToInteger" id="_ref_1506"><a href="#sec-tointeger">ToInteger</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).</li><li>If <var>len</var> ≤ <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, return <emu-val>+0</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="min" id="_ref_1507"><a href="#eqn-min">min</a></emu-xref>(<var>len</var>, 2<sup>53</sup> - 1).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-canonicalnumericindexstring" aoid="CanonicalNumericIndexString">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.16</span>CanonicalNumericIndexString ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation CanonicalNumericIndexString returns <var>argument</var> converted to a numeric value if it is a String representation of a Number that would be produced by <emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_1508"><a href="#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>, or the string <code>"-0"</code>. Otherwise, it returns <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>. This abstract operation functions as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1509"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1510"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>) is String.</li><li>If <var>argument</var> is <code>"-0"</code>, return <emu-val>-0</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>n</var> be !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1511"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_1512"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref>(! <emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_1513"><a href="#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>n</var>), <var>argument</var>) is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <var>n</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>A <em>canonical numeric string</em> is any String value for which the CanonicalNumericIndexString abstract operation does not return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-toindex" aoid="ToIndex">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.1.17</span>ToIndex ( <var>value</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ToIndex returns <var>value</var> argument converted to a numeric value if it is a valid <emu-xref href="#integer-index" id="_ref_1514"><a href="#integer-index">integer index</a></emu-xref> value. This abstract operation functions as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>value</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>index</var> be 0.</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>Let <var>integerIndex</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToInteger" id="_ref_1515"><a href="#sec-tointeger">ToInteger</a></emu-xref>(<var>value</var>).</li><li>If <var>integerIndex</var> &lt; 0, throw a <emu-val>RangeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Let <var>index</var> be !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToLength" id="_ref_1516"><a href="#sec-tolength">ToLength</a></emu-xref>(<var>integerIndex</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="SameValueZero" id="_ref_1517"><a href="#sec-samevaluezero">SameValueZero</a></emu-xref>(<var>integerIndex</var>, <var>index</var>) is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>RangeError</emu-val> exception.</li></ol></li><li>Return <var>index</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-testing-and-comparison-operations">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2</span>Testing and Comparison Operations</h1>
<emu-clause id="sec-requireobjectcoercible" aoid="RequireObjectCoercible">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.1</span>RequireObjectCoercible ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation RequireObjectCoercible throws an error if <var>argument</var> is a value that cannot be converted to an Object using <emu-xref aoid="ToObject" id="_ref_1518"><a href="#sec-toobject">ToObject</a></emu-xref>. It is defined by <emu-xref href="#table-14" id="_ref_149"><a href="#table-14">Table 13</a></emu-xref>:</p>
<emu-table id="table-14" caption="RequireObjectCoercible Results"><figure><figcaption>Table 13: <emu-xref aoid="RequireObjectCoercible" id="_ref_1519"><a href="#sec-requireobjectcoercible">RequireObjectCoercible</a></emu-xref> Results</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Argument Type
</th>
<th>
Result
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Undefined
</td>
<td>
Throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Null
</td>
<td>
Throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Boolean
</td>
<td>
Return <var>argument</var>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Number
</td>
<td>
Return <var>argument</var>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
String
</td>
<td>
Return <var>argument</var>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Symbol
</td>
<td>
Return <var>argument</var>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Object
</td>
<td>
Return <var>argument</var>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-isarray" aoid="IsArray">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.2</span>IsArray ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IsArray takes one argument <var>argument</var>, and performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1520"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>) is not Object, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>argument</var> is an Array <emu-xref href="#exotic-object" id="_ref_1521"><a href="#exotic-object">exotic object</a></emu-xref>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>argument</var> is a Proxy <emu-xref href="#exotic-object" id="_ref_1522"><a href="#exotic-object">exotic object</a></emu-xref>, then<ol><li>If <var>argument</var>.[[ProxyHandler]] is <emu-val>null</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Let <var>target</var> be <var>argument</var>.[[ProxyTarget]].</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IsArray" id="_ref_1523"><a href="#sec-isarray">IsArray</a></emu-xref>(<var>target</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-iscallable" aoid="IsCallable">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.3</span>IsCallable ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IsCallable determines if <var>argument</var>, which must be an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1524"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref>, is a callable function with a [[Call]] internal method.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1525"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>) is not Object, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>argument</var> has a [[Call]] internal method, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-isconstructor" aoid="IsConstructor">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.4</span>IsConstructor ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IsConstructor determines if <var>argument</var>, which must be an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1526"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref>, is a <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_1527"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> with a [[Construct]] internal method.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1528"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>) is not Object, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>argument</var> has a [[Construct]] internal method, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-isextensible-o" aoid="IsExtensible">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.5</span>IsExtensible ( <var>O</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IsExtensible is used to determine whether additional properties can be added to the object that is <var>O</var>. A Boolean value is returned. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1529"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1530"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li>Return ? <var>O</var>.[[IsExtensible]]().
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-isinteger" aoid="IsInteger">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.6</span>IsInteger ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IsInteger determines if <var>argument</var> is a finite integer numeric value.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1531"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>) is not Number, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>argument</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>, or <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="floor" id="_ref_1532"><a href="#eqn-floor">floor</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_1533"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>)) ≠ <emu-xref aoid="abs" id="_ref_1534"><a href="#eqn-abs">abs</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>), return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ispropertykey" aoid="IsPropertyKey">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.7</span>IsPropertyKey ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IsPropertyKey determines if <var>argument</var>, which must be an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1535"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref>, is a value that may be used as a property key.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1536"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>) is String, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1537"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>) is Symbol, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-isregexp" aoid="IsRegExp">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.8</span>IsRegExp ( <var>argument</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IsRegExp with argument <var>argument</var> performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1538"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>) is not Object, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>matcher</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1539"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>argument</var>, @@match).</li><li>If <var>matcher</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-xref aoid="ToBoolean" id="_ref_1540"><a href="#sec-toboolean">ToBoolean</a></emu-xref>(<var>matcher</var>).</li><li>If <var>argument</var> has a [[RegExpMatcher]] internal slot, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-isstringprefix" aoid="IsStringPrefix">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.9</span>IsStringPrefix ( <var>p</var>, <var>q</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IsStringPrefix determines if String <var>p</var> is a prefix of String <var>q</var>.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1541"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1542"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>p</var>) is String.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1543"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1544"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>q</var>) is String.</li><li>If <var>q</var> can be the <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type" id="_ref_1545"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type">string-concatenation</a></emu-xref> of <var>p</var> and some other String <var>r</var>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>. Otherwise, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>NOTE: Any String is a prefix of itself, because <var>r</var> may be the empty String.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-samevalue" aoid="SameValue">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.10</span>SameValue ( <var>x</var>, <var>y</var> )</h1>
<p>The internal comparison abstract operation SameValue(<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>), where <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are ECMAScript language values, produces <emu-val>true</emu-val> or <emu-val>false</emu-val>. Such a comparison is performed as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1546"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is different from <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1547"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>), return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1548"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is Number, then<ol><li>If <var>x</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val> and <var>y</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>x</var> is <emu-val>+0</emu-val> and <var>y</var> is <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>x</var> is <emu-val>-0</emu-val> and <var>y</var> is <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>x</var> is the same Number value as <var>y</var>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="SameValueNonNumber" id="_ref_1549"><a href="#sec-samevaluenonnumber">SameValueNonNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>This algorithm differs from the <emu-xref aoid="Strict Equality Comparison" id="_ref_1550"><a href="#sec-strict-equality-comparison">Strict Equality Comparison</a></emu-xref> Algorithm in its treatment of signed zeroes and NaNs.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-samevaluezero" aoid="SameValueZero">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.11</span>SameValueZero ( <var>x</var>, <var>y</var> )</h1>
<p>The internal comparison abstract operation SameValueZero(<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>), where <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are ECMAScript language values, produces <emu-val>true</emu-val> or <emu-val>false</emu-val>. Such a comparison is performed as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1551"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is different from <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1552"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>), return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1553"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is Number, then<ol><li>If <var>x</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val> and <var>y</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>x</var> is <emu-val>+0</emu-val> and <var>y</var> is <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>x</var> is <emu-val>-0</emu-val> and <var>y</var> is <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>x</var> is the same Number value as <var>y</var>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="SameValueNonNumber" id="_ref_1554"><a href="#sec-samevaluenonnumber">SameValueNonNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>SameValueZero differs from <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_1555"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref> only in its treatment of <emu-val>+0</emu-val> and <emu-val>-0</emu-val>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-samevaluenonnumber" aoid="SameValueNonNumber">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.12</span>SameValueNonNumber ( <var>x</var>, <var>y</var> )</h1>
<p>The internal comparison abstract operation SameValueNonNumber(<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>), where neither <var>x</var> nor <var>y</var> are Number values, produces <emu-val>true</emu-val> or <emu-val>false</emu-val>. Such a comparison is performed as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1556"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1557"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is not Number.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1558"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1559"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is the same as <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1560"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1561"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is Undefined, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1562"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is Null, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1563"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is String, then<ol><li>If <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are exactly the same sequence of code units (same length and same code units at corresponding indices), return <emu-val>true</emu-val>; otherwise, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li></ol></li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1564"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is Boolean, then<ol><li>If <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are both <emu-val>true</emu-val> or both <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>; otherwise, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li></ol></li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1565"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is Symbol, then<ol><li>If <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are both the same Symbol value, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>; otherwise, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li></ol></li><li>If <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are the same Object value, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>. Otherwise, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-abstract-relational-comparison" aoid="Abstract Relational Comparison">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.13</span>Abstract Relational Comparison</h1>
<p>The comparison <var>x</var> &lt; <var>y</var>, where <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are values, produces <emu-val>true</emu-val>, <emu-val>false</emu-val>, or <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> (which indicates that at least one operand is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>). In addition to <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> the algorithm takes a Boolean flag named <var>LeftFirst</var>
as a parameter. The flag is used to control the order in which
operations with potentially visible side-effects are performed upon <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>. It is necessary because ECMAScript specifies left to right evaluation of expressions. The default value of <var>LeftFirst</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val> and indicates that the <var>x</var> parameter corresponds to an expression that occurs to the left of the <var>y</var> parameter's corresponding expression. If <var>LeftFirst</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, the reverse is the case and operations must be performed upon <var>y</var> before <var>x</var>. Such a comparison is performed as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If the <var>LeftFirst</var> flag is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>px</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToPrimitive" id="_ref_1566"><a href="#sec-toprimitive">ToPrimitive</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>, hint Number).</li><li>Let <var>py</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToPrimitive" id="_ref_1567"><a href="#sec-toprimitive">ToPrimitive</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>, hint Number).</li></ol></li><li>Else the order of evaluation needs to be reversed to preserve left to right evaluation,<ol><li>Let <var>py</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToPrimitive" id="_ref_1568"><a href="#sec-toprimitive">ToPrimitive</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>, hint Number).</li><li>Let <var>px</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToPrimitive" id="_ref_1569"><a href="#sec-toprimitive">ToPrimitive</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>, hint Number).</li></ol></li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1570"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>px</var>) is String and <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1571"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>py</var>) is String, then<ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsStringPrefix" id="_ref_1572"><a href="#sec-isstringprefix">IsStringPrefix</a></emu-xref>(<var>py</var>, <var>px</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsStringPrefix" id="_ref_1573"><a href="#sec-isstringprefix">IsStringPrefix</a></emu-xref>(<var>px</var>, <var>py</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>k</var> be the smallest nonnegative integer such that the code unit at index <var>k</var> within <var>px</var> is different from the code unit at index <var>k</var> within <var>py</var>. (There must be such a <var>k</var>, for neither String is a prefix of the other.)</li><li>Let <var>m</var> be the integer that is the numeric value of the code unit at index <var>k</var> within <var>px</var>.</li><li>Let <var>n</var> be the integer that is the numeric value of the code unit at index <var>k</var> within <var>py</var>.</li><li>If <var>m</var> &lt; <var>n</var>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>. Otherwise, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>NOTE: Because <var>px</var> and <var>py</var> are primitive values evaluation order is not important.</li><li>Let <var>nx</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1574"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>px</var>).</li><li>Let <var>ny</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1575"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>py</var>).</li><li>If <var>nx</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>ny</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>nx</var> and <var>ny</var> are the same Number value, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>nx</var> is <emu-val>+0</emu-val> and <var>ny</var> is <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>nx</var> is <emu-val>-0</emu-val> and <var>ny</var> is <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>nx</var> is <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>ny</var> is <emu-val>+∞</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>ny</var> is <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>nx</var> is <emu-val>-∞</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If the mathematical value of <var>nx</var> is less than the mathematical value of <var>ny</var>—note that these mathematical values are both finite and not both zero—return <emu-val>true</emu-val>. Otherwise, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 1</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Step 3 differs from step 7 in the algorithm for the addition operator <code>+</code> (<emu-xref href="#sec-addition-operator-plus" id="_ref_150"><a href="#sec-addition-operator-plus">12.8.3</a></emu-xref>) by using the logical-and operation instead of the logical-or operation.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 2</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The comparison of Strings uses a simple lexicographic
ordering on sequences of code unit values. There is no attempt to use
the more complex, semantically oriented definitions of character or
string equality and collating order defined in the Unicode
specification. Therefore String values that are canonically equal
according to the Unicode standard could test as unequal. In effect this
algorithm assumes that both Strings are already in normalized form.
Also, note that for strings containing supplementary characters,
lexicographic ordering on sequences of UTF-16 code unit values differs
from that on sequences of code point values.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-abstract-equality-comparison" aoid="Abstract Equality Comparison">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.14</span>Abstract Equality Comparison</h1>
<p>The comparison <var>x</var> == <var>y</var>, where <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are values, produces <emu-val>true</emu-val> or <emu-val>false</emu-val>. Such a comparison is performed as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1576"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is the same as <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1577"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>), then<ol><li>Return the result of performing <emu-xref aoid="Strict Equality Comparison" id="_ref_1578"><a href="#sec-strict-equality-comparison">Strict Equality Comparison</a></emu-xref> <var>x</var> === <var>y</var>.</li></ol></li><li>If <var>x</var> is <emu-val>null</emu-val> and <var>y</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>x</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> and <var>y</var> is <emu-val>null</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1579"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is Number and <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1580"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>) is String, return the result of the comparison <var>x</var> == !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1581"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1582"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is String and <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1583"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>) is Number, return the result of the comparison !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1584"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) == <var>y</var>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1585"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is Boolean, return the result of the comparison !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1586"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) == <var>y</var>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1587"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>) is Boolean, return the result of the comparison <var>x</var> == !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToNumber" id="_ref_1588"><a href="#sec-tonumber">ToNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1589"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is either String, Number, or Symbol and <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1590"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>) is Object, return the result of the comparison <var>x</var> == <emu-xref aoid="ToPrimitive" id="_ref_1591"><a href="#sec-toprimitive">ToPrimitive</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1592"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is Object and <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1593"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>) is either String, Number, or Symbol, return the result of the comparison <emu-xref aoid="ToPrimitive" id="_ref_1594"><a href="#sec-toprimitive">ToPrimitive</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) == <var>y</var>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-strict-equality-comparison" aoid="Strict Equality Comparison">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.2.15</span>Strict Equality Comparison</h1>
<p>The comparison <var>x</var> === <var>y</var>, where <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are values, produces <emu-val>true</emu-val> or <emu-val>false</emu-val>. Such a comparison is performed as follows:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1595"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is different from <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1596"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>y</var>), return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1597"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>) is Number, then<ol><li>If <var>x</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>y</var> is <emu-val>NaN</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>x</var> is the same Number value as <var>y</var>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>x</var> is <emu-val>+0</emu-val> and <var>y</var> is <emu-val>-0</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>x</var> is <emu-val>-0</emu-val> and <var>y</var> is <emu-val>+0</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="SameValueNonNumber" id="_ref_1598"><a href="#sec-samevaluenonnumber">SameValueNonNumber</a></emu-xref>(<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>This algorithm differs from the <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_1599"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref> Algorithm in its treatment of signed zeroes and NaNs.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-operations-on-objects">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3</span>Operations on Objects</h1>
<emu-clause id="sec-get-o-p" aoid="Get">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.1</span>Get ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation Get is used to retrieve the value of a
specific property of an object. The operation is called with arguments <var>O</var> and <var>P</var> where <var>O</var> is the object and <var>P</var> is the property key. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1600"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1601"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1602"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1603"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return ? <var>O</var>.[[Get]](<var>P</var>, <var>O</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-getv" aoid="GetV">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.2</span>GetV ( <var>V</var>, <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation GetV is used to retrieve the value of a specific property of an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1604"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref>.
If the value is not an object, the property lookup is performed using a
wrapper object appropriate for the type of the value. The operation is
called with arguments <var>V</var> and <var>P</var> where <var>V</var> is the value and <var>P</var> is the property key. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1605"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1606"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToObject" id="_ref_1607"><a href="#sec-toobject">ToObject</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>).</li><li>Return ? <var>O</var>.[[Get]](<var>P</var>, <var>V</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-set-o-p-v-throw" aoid="Set">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.3</span>Set ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Throw</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation Set is used to set the value of a specific property of an object. The operation is called with arguments <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, and <var>Throw</var> where <var>O</var> is the object, <var>P</var> is the property key, <var>V</var> is the new value for the property and <var>Throw</var> is a Boolean flag. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1608"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1609"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1610"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1611"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1612"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1613"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>Throw</var>) is Boolean.</li><li>Let <var>success</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[Set]](<var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>O</var>).</li><li>If <var>success</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val> and <var>Throw</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return <var>success</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createdataproperty" aoid="CreateDataProperty">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.4</span>CreateDataProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation CreateDataProperty is used to create a
new own property of an object. The operation is called with arguments <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, and <var>V</var> where <var>O</var> is the object, <var>P</var> is the property key, and <var>V</var> is the value for the property. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1614"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1615"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1616"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1617"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>newDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>V</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Return ? <var>O</var>.[[DefineOwnProperty]](<var>P</var>, <var>newDesc</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>This abstract operation creates a property whose attributes
are set to the same defaults used for properties created by the
ECMAScript language assignment operator. Normally, the property will not
already exist. If it does exist and is not configurable or if <var>O</var> is not extensible, [[DefineOwnProperty]] will return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createmethodproperty" aoid="CreateMethodProperty">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.5</span>CreateMethodProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation CreateMethodProperty is used to create a
new own property of an object. The operation is called with arguments <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, and <var>V</var> where <var>O</var> is the object, <var>P</var> is the property key, and <var>V</var> is the value for the property. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1618"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1619"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1620"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1621"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>newDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>V</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Return ? <var>O</var>.[[DefineOwnProperty]](<var>P</var>, <var>newDesc</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>This abstract operation creates a property whose attributes
are set to the same defaults used for built-in methods and methods
defined using class declaration syntax. Normally, the property will not
already exist. If it does exist and is not configurable or if <var>O</var> is not extensible, [[DefineOwnProperty]] will return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createdatapropertyorthrow" aoid="CreateDataPropertyOrThrow">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.6</span>CreateDataPropertyOrThrow ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation CreateDataPropertyOrThrow is used to create a new own property of an object. It throws a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception if the requested property update cannot be performed. The operation is called with arguments <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, and <var>V</var> where <var>O</var> is the object, <var>P</var> is the property key, and <var>V</var> is the value for the property. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1622"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1623"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1624"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1625"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>success</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1626"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>).</li><li>If <var>success</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return <var>success</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>This abstract operation creates a property whose attributes
are set to the same defaults used for properties created by the
ECMAScript language assignment operator. Normally, the property will not
already exist. If it does exist and is not configurable or if <var>O</var> is not extensible, [[DefineOwnProperty]] will return <emu-val>false</emu-val> causing this operation to throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-definepropertyorthrow" aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.7</span>DefinePropertyOrThrow ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>desc</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation DefinePropertyOrThrow is used to call
the [[DefineOwnProperty]] internal method of an object in a manner that
will throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception if the requested property update cannot be performed. The operation is called with arguments <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, and <var>desc</var> where <var>O</var> is the object, <var>P</var> is the property key, and <var>desc</var> is the <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_1627"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> for the property. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1628"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1629"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1630"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1631"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>success</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[DefineOwnProperty]](<var>P</var>, <var>desc</var>).</li><li>If <var>success</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return <var>success</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-deletepropertyorthrow" aoid="DeletePropertyOrThrow">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.8</span>DeletePropertyOrThrow ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation DeletePropertyOrThrow is used to remove a
specific own property of an object. It throws an exception if the
property is not configurable. The operation is called with arguments <var>O</var> and <var>P</var> where <var>O</var> is the object and <var>P</var> is the property key. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1632"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1633"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1634"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1635"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>success</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[Delete]](<var>P</var>).</li><li>If <var>success</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return <var>success</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-getmethod" aoid="GetMethod">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.9</span>GetMethod ( <var>V</var>, <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation GetMethod is used to get the value of a specific property of an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1636"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref> when the value of the property is expected to be a function. The operation is called with arguments <var>V</var> and <var>P</var> where <var>V</var> is the <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1637"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref>, <var>P</var> is the property key. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1638"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1639"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>func</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetV" id="_ref_1640"><a href="#sec-getv">GetV</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>, <var>P</var>).</li><li>If <var>func</var> is either <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> or <emu-val>null</emu-val>, return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsCallable" id="_ref_1641"><a href="#sec-iscallable">IsCallable</a></emu-xref>(<var>func</var>) is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return <var>func</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-hasproperty" aoid="HasProperty">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.10</span>HasProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation HasProperty is used to determine whether
an object has a property with the specified property key. The property
may be either an own or inherited. A Boolean value is returned. The
operation is called with arguments <var>O</var> and <var>P</var> where <var>O</var> is the object and <var>P</var> is the property key. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1642"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1643"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1644"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1645"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return ? <var>O</var>.[[HasProperty]](<var>P</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-hasownproperty" aoid="HasOwnProperty">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.11</span>HasOwnProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation HasOwnProperty is used to determine
whether an object has an own property with the specified property key. A
Boolean value is returned. The operation is called with arguments <var>O</var> and <var>P</var> where <var>O</var> is the object and <var>P</var> is the property key. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1646"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1647"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1648"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1649"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>desc</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>P</var>).</li><li>If <var>desc</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-call" aoid="Call">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.12</span>Call ( <var>F</var>, <var>V</var> [ , <var>argumentsList</var> ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation Call is used to call the [[Call]] internal method of a <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_1650"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>. The operation is called with arguments <var>F</var>, <var>V</var>, and optionally <var>argumentsList</var> where <var>F</var> is the <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_1651"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>, <var>V</var> is an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1652"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref> that is the <emu-val>this</emu-val> value of the [[Call]], and <var>argumentsList</var> is the value passed to the corresponding argument of the internal method. If <var>argumentsList</var> is not present, a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1653"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> is used as its value. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>argumentsList</var> is not present, set <var>argumentsList</var> to a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1654"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsCallable" id="_ref_1655"><a href="#sec-iscallable">IsCallable</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>) is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return ? <var>F</var>.[[Call]](<var>V</var>, <var>argumentsList</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-construct" aoid="Construct">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.13</span>Construct ( <var>F</var> [ , <var>argumentsList</var> [ , <var>newTarget</var> ] ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation Construct is used to call the [[Construct]] internal method of a <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_1656"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>. The operation is called with arguments <var>F</var>, and optionally <var>argumentsList</var>, and <var>newTarget</var> where <var>F</var> is the <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_1657"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>. <var>argumentsList</var> and <var>newTarget</var> are the values to be passed as the corresponding arguments of the internal method. If <var>argumentsList</var> is not present, a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1658"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> is used as its value. If <var>newTarget</var> is not present, <var>F</var> is used as its value. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>newTarget</var> is not present, set <var>newTarget</var> to <var>F</var>.</li><li>If <var>argumentsList</var> is not present, set <var>argumentsList</var> to a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1659"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1660"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsConstructor" id="_ref_1661"><a href="#sec-isconstructor">IsConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1662"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsConstructor" id="_ref_1663"><a href="#sec-isconstructor">IsConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return ? <var>F</var>.[[Construct]](<var>argumentsList</var>, <var>newTarget</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>If <var>newTarget</var> is not present, this operation is equivalent to: <code>new F(...argumentsList)</code></p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-setintegritylevel" aoid="SetIntegrityLevel">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.14</span>SetIntegrityLevel ( <var>O</var>, <var>level</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation SetIntegrityLevel is used to fix the set
of own properties of an object. This abstract operation performs the
following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1664"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1665"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1666"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>level</var> is either <code>"sealed"</code> or <code>"frozen"</code>.</li><li>Let <var>status</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[PreventExtensions]]().</li><li>If <var>status</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>keys</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[OwnPropertyKeys]]().</li><li>If <var>level</var> is <code>"sealed"</code>, then<ol><li>For each element <var>k</var> of <var>keys</var>, do<ol><li>Perform ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_1667"><a href="#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>k</var>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val> }).</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Else <var>level</var> is <code>"frozen"</code>,<ol><li>For each element <var>k</var> of <var>keys</var>, do<ol><li>Let <var>currentDesc</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>k</var>).</li><li>If <var>currentDesc</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsAccessorDescriptor" id="_ref_1668"><a href="#sec-isaccessordescriptor">IsAccessorDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>currentDesc</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>desc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val> }.</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>Let <var>desc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val> }.</li></ol></li><li>Perform ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_1669"><a href="#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>k</var>, <var>desc</var>).</li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-testintegritylevel" aoid="TestIntegrityLevel">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.15</span>TestIntegrityLevel ( <var>O</var>, <var>level</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation TestIntegrityLevel is used to determine
if the set of own properties of an object are fixed. This abstract
operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1670"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1671"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1672"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>level</var> is either <code>"sealed"</code> or <code>"frozen"</code>.</li><li>Let <var>status</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IsExtensible" id="_ref_1673"><a href="#sec-isextensible-o">IsExtensible</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>).</li><li>If <var>status</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>NOTE: If the object is extensible, none of its properties are examined.</li><li>Let <var>keys</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[OwnPropertyKeys]]().</li><li>For each element <var>k</var> of <var>keys</var>, do<ol><li>Let <var>currentDesc</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>k</var>).</li><li>If <var>currentDesc</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>currentDesc</var>.[[Configurable]] is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>level</var> is <code>"frozen"</code> and <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_1674"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>currentDesc</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>currentDesc</var>.[[Writable]] is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createarrayfromlist" aoid="CreateArrayFromList">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.16</span>CreateArrayFromList ( <var>elements</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation CreateArrayFromList is used to create an Array object whose elements are provided by a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1675"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1676"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>elements</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1677"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> whose elements are all ECMAScript language values.</li><li>Let <var>array</var> be !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ArrayCreate" id="_ref_1678"><a href="#sec-arraycreate">ArrayCreate</a></emu-xref>(0).</li><li>Let <var>n</var> be 0.</li><li>For each element <var>e</var> of <var>elements</var>, do<ol><li>Let <var>status</var> be <emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1679"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>array</var>, !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_1680"><a href="#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>n</var>), <var>e</var>).</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1681"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>status</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Increment <var>n</var> by 1.</li></ol></li><li>Return <var>array</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createlistfromarraylike" aoid="CreateListFromArrayLike">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.17</span>CreateListFromArrayLike ( <var>obj</var> [ , <var>elementTypes</var> ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation CreateListFromArrayLike is used to create a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1682"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> value whose elements are provided by the indexed properties of an array-like object, <var>obj</var>. The optional argument <var>elementTypes</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1683"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> containing the names of ECMAScript Language Types that are allowed for element values of the <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1684"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> that is created. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>elementTypes</var> is not present, set <var>elementTypes</var> to « Undefined, Null, Boolean, String, Symbol, Number, Object ».</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1685"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>) is not Object, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Let <var>len</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToLength" id="_ref_1686"><a href="#sec-tolength">ToLength</a></emu-xref>(? <emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1687"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, <code>"length"</code>)).</li><li>Let <var>list</var> be a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1688"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>index</var> be 0.</li><li>Repeat, while <var>index</var> &lt; <var>len</var><ol><li>Let <var>indexName</var> be !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_1689"><a href="#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>index</var>).</li><li>Let <var>next</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1690"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, <var>indexName</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1691"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>next</var>) is not an element of <var>elementTypes</var>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Append <var>next</var> as the last element of <var>list</var>.</li><li>Increase <var>index</var> by 1.</li></ol></li><li>Return <var>list</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-invoke" aoid="Invoke">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.18</span>Invoke ( <var>V</var>, <var>P</var> [ , <var>argumentsList</var> ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation Invoke is used to call a method property of an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1692"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref>. The operation is called with arguments <var>V</var>, <var>P</var>, and optionally <var>argumentsList</var> where <var>V</var> serves as both the lookup point for the property and the <emu-val>this</emu-val> value of the call, <var>P</var> is the property key, and <var>argumentsList</var> is the list of arguments values passed to the method. If <var>argumentsList</var> is not present, a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1693"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> is used as its value. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1694"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_1695"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>argumentsList</var> is not present, set <var>argumentsList</var> to a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1696"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>func</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetV" id="_ref_1697"><a href="#sec-getv">GetV</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>, <var>P</var>).</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Call" id="_ref_1698"><a href="#sec-call">Call</a></emu-xref>(<var>func</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>argumentsList</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinaryhasinstance" aoid="OrdinaryHasInstance">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.19</span>OrdinaryHasInstance ( <var>C</var>, <var>O</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation OrdinaryHasInstance implements the default algorithm for determining if an object <var>O</var> inherits from the instance object inheritance path provided by <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1699"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> <var>C</var>. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsCallable" id="_ref_1700"><a href="#sec-iscallable">IsCallable</a></emu-xref>(<var>C</var>) is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>C</var> has a [[BoundTargetFunction]] internal slot, then<ol><li>Let <var>BC</var> be <var>C</var>.[[BoundTargetFunction]].</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="InstanceofOperator" id="_ref_1701"><a href="#sec-instanceofoperator">InstanceofOperator</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>BC</var>).</li></ol></li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1702"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is not Object, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>P</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1703"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>C</var>, <code>"prototype"</code>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1704"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is not Object, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Repeat,<ol><li>Set <var>O</var> to ? <var>O</var>.[[GetPrototypeOf]]().</li><li>If <var>O</var> is <emu-val>null</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_1705"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>, <var>O</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-speciesconstructor" aoid="SpeciesConstructor">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.20</span>SpeciesConstructor ( <var>O</var>, <var>defaultConstructor</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation SpeciesConstructor is used to retrieve the <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1706"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> that should be used to create new objects that are derived from the argument object <var>O</var>. The <var>defaultConstructor</var> argument is the <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1707"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> to use if a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_1708"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> @@species property cannot be found starting from <var>O</var>. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1709"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1710"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li>Let <var>C</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1711"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"constructor"</code>).</li><li>If <var>C</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <var>defaultConstructor</var>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1712"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>C</var>) is not Object, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Let <var>S</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1713"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>C</var>, @@species).</li><li>If <var>S</var> is either <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> or <emu-val>null</emu-val>, return <var>defaultConstructor</var>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsConstructor" id="_ref_1714"><a href="#sec-isconstructor">IsConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>S</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <var>S</var>.</li><li>Throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-enumerableownpropertynames" aoid="EnumerableOwnPropertyNames" oldids="sec-enumerableownproperties">
<span id="sec-enumerableownproperties"></span><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.21</span>EnumerableOwnPropertyNames ( <var>O</var>, <var>kind</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation EnumerableOwnPropertyNames is called with Object <var>O</var> and String <var>kind</var> the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1715"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1716"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li>Let <var>ownKeys</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[OwnPropertyKeys]]().</li><li>Let <var>properties</var> be a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1717"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>For each element <var>key</var> of <var>ownKeys</var> in <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1718"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> order, do<ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1719"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>key</var>) is String, then<ol><li>Let <var>desc</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>key</var>).</li><li>If <var>desc</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> and <var>desc</var>.[[Enumerable]] is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>kind</var> is <emu-val>"key"</emu-val>, append <var>key</var> to <var>properties</var>.</li><li>Else,<ol><li>Let <var>value</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1720"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>key</var>).</li><li>If <var>kind</var> is <emu-val>"value"</emu-val>, append <var>value</var> to <var>properties</var>.</li><li>Else,<ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1721"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>kind</var> is <emu-val>"key+value"</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>entry</var> be <emu-xref aoid="CreateArrayFromList" id="_ref_1722"><a href="#sec-createarrayfromlist">CreateArrayFromList</a></emu-xref>(« <var>key</var>, <var>value</var> »).</li><li>Append <var>entry</var> to <var>properties</var>.</li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Order the elements of <var>properties</var> so they are in the same relative order as would be produced by the Iterator that would be returned if the <emu-xref aoid="EnumerateObjectProperties" id="_ref_1723"><a href="#sec-enumerate-object-properties">EnumerateObjectProperties</a></emu-xref> internal method were invoked with <var>O</var>.</li><li>Return <var>properties</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-getfunctionrealm" aoid="GetFunctionRealm">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.22</span>GetFunctionRealm ( <var>obj</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation GetFunctionRealm with argument <var>obj</var> performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1724"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>obj</var> is a callable object.</li><li>If <var>obj</var> has a [[Realm]] internal slot, then<ol><li>Return <var>obj</var>.[[Realm]].</li></ol></li><li>If <var>obj</var> is a Bound Function <emu-xref href="#exotic-object" id="_ref_1725"><a href="#exotic-object">exotic object</a></emu-xref>, then<ol><li>Let <var>target</var> be <var>obj</var>.[[BoundTargetFunction]].</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetFunctionRealm" id="_ref_1726"><a href="#sec-getfunctionrealm">GetFunctionRealm</a></emu-xref>(<var>target</var>).</li></ol></li><li>If <var>obj</var> is a Proxy <emu-xref href="#exotic-object" id="_ref_1727"><a href="#exotic-object">exotic object</a></emu-xref>, then<ol><li>If <var>obj</var>.[[ProxyHandler]] is <emu-val>null</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Let <var>proxyTarget</var> be <var>obj</var>.[[ProxyTarget]].</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetFunctionRealm" id="_ref_1728"><a href="#sec-getfunctionrealm">GetFunctionRealm</a></emu-xref>(<var>proxyTarget</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-xref href="#current-realm" id="_ref_1729"><a href="#current-realm">the current Realm Record</a></emu-xref>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Step 5 will only be reached if <var>obj</var> is a non-standard function <emu-xref href="#exotic-object" id="_ref_1730"><a href="#exotic-object">exotic object</a></emu-xref> that does not have a [[Realm]] internal slot.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-copydataproperties" aoid="CopyDataProperties">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.3.23</span>CopyDataProperties ( <var>target</var>, <var>source</var>, <var>excludedItems</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation CopyDataProperties is called with arguments <var>target</var>, <var>source</var>, and <var>excludedItems</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1731"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1732"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>target</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1733"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>excludedItems</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1734"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of property keys.</li><li>If <var>source</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> or <emu-val>null</emu-val>, return <var>target</var>.</li><li>Let <var>from</var> be !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToObject" id="_ref_1735"><a href="#sec-toobject">ToObject</a></emu-xref>(<var>source</var>).</li><li>Let <var>keys</var> be ? <var>from</var>.[[OwnPropertyKeys]]().</li><li>For each element <var>nextKey</var> of <var>keys</var> in <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1736"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> order, do<ol><li>Let <var>excluded</var> be <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>For each element <var>e</var> of <var>excludedItems</var> in <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1737"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> order, do<ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_1738"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref>(<var>e</var>, <var>nextKey</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Set <var>excluded</var> to <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>If <var>excluded</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>desc</var> be ? <var>from</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>nextKey</var>).</li><li>If <var>desc</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> and <var>desc</var>.[[Enumerable]] is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>propValue</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1739"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>from</var>, <var>nextKey</var>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1740"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>target</var>, <var>nextKey</var>, <var>propValue</var>).</li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Return <var>target</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The target passed in here is always a newly created object which is not directly accessible in case of an error being thrown.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-operations-on-iterator-objects">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.4</span>Operations on Iterator Objects</h1>
<p>See Common Iteration Interfaces (<emu-xref href="#sec-iteration" id="_ref_151"><a href="#sec-iteration">25.1</a></emu-xref>).</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-getiterator" aoid="GetIterator">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.4.1</span>GetIterator ( <var>obj</var> [ , <var>hint</var> [ , <var>method</var> ] ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation GetIterator with argument <var>obj</var> and optional arguments <var>hint</var> and <var>method</var> performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>hint</var> is not present, set <var>hint</var> to <emu-const>sync</emu-const>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1741"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>hint</var> is either <emu-const>sync</emu-const> or <emu-const>async</emu-const>.</li><li>If <var>method</var> is not present, then<ol><li>If <var>hint</var> is <emu-const>async</emu-const>, then<ol><li>Set <var>method</var> to ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetMethod" id="_ref_1742"><a href="#sec-getmethod">GetMethod</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, @@asyncIterator).</li><li>If <var>method</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>syncMethod</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetMethod" id="_ref_1743"><a href="#sec-getmethod">GetMethod</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, @@iterator).</li><li>Let <var>syncIteratorRecord</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetIterator" id="_ref_1744"><a href="#sec-getiterator">GetIterator</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, <emu-const>sync</emu-const>, <var>syncMethod</var>).</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateAsyncFromSyncIterator" id="_ref_1745"><a href="#sec-createasyncfromsynciterator">CreateAsyncFromSyncIterator</a></emu-xref>(<var>syncIteratorRecord</var>).</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Otherwise, set <var>method</var> to ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetMethod" id="_ref_1746"><a href="#sec-getmethod">GetMethod</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, @@iterator).</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>iterator</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Call" id="_ref_1747"><a href="#sec-call">Call</a></emu-xref>(<var>method</var>, <var>obj</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1748"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>iterator</var>) is not Object, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Let <var>nextMethod</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetV" id="_ref_1749"><a href="#sec-getv">GetV</a></emu-xref>(<var>iterator</var>, <code>"next"</code>).</li><li>Let <var>iteratorRecord</var> be <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1750"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> { [[Iterator]]: <var>iterator</var>, [[NextMethod]]: <var>nextMethod</var>, [[Done]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val> }.</li><li>Return <var>iteratorRecord</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-iteratornext" aoid="IteratorNext">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.4.2</span>IteratorNext ( <var>iteratorRecord</var> [ , <var>value</var> ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IteratorNext with argument <var>iteratorRecord</var> and optional argument <var>value</var> performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>value</var> is not present, then<ol><li>Let <var>result</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Call" id="_ref_1751"><a href="#sec-call">Call</a></emu-xref>(<var>iteratorRecord</var>.[[NextMethod]], <var>iteratorRecord</var>.[[Iterator]], « »).</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>Let <var>result</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Call" id="_ref_1752"><a href="#sec-call">Call</a></emu-xref>(<var>iteratorRecord</var>.[[NextMethod]], <var>iteratorRecord</var>.[[Iterator]], « <var>value</var> »).</li></ol></li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1753"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>result</var>) is not Object, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return <var>result</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-iteratorcomplete" aoid="IteratorComplete">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.4.3</span>IteratorComplete ( <var>iterResult</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IteratorComplete with argument <var>iterResult</var> performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1754"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1755"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>iterResult</var>) is Object.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="ToBoolean" id="_ref_1756"><a href="#sec-toboolean">ToBoolean</a></emu-xref>(? <emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1757"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>iterResult</var>, <code>"done"</code>)).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-iteratorvalue" aoid="IteratorValue">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.4.4</span>IteratorValue ( <var>iterResult</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IteratorValue with argument <var>iterResult</var> performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1758"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1759"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>iterResult</var>) is Object.</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1760"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>iterResult</var>, <code>"value"</code>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-iteratorstep" aoid="IteratorStep">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.4.5</span>IteratorStep ( <var>iteratorRecord</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IteratorStep with argument <var>iteratorRecord</var> requests the next value from <var>iteratorRecord</var>.[[Iterator]] by calling <var>iteratorRecord</var>.[[NextMethod]] and returns either <emu-val>false</emu-val>
indicating that the iterator has reached its end or the IteratorResult
object if a next value is available. IteratorStep performs the following
steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>result</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IteratorNext" id="_ref_1761"><a href="#sec-iteratornext">IteratorNext</a></emu-xref>(<var>iteratorRecord</var>).</li><li>Let <var>done</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IteratorComplete" id="_ref_1762"><a href="#sec-iteratorcomplete">IteratorComplete</a></emu-xref>(<var>result</var>).</li><li>If <var>done</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <var>result</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-iteratorclose" aoid="IteratorClose">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.4.6</span>IteratorClose ( <var>iteratorRecord</var>, <var>completion</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation IteratorClose with arguments <var>iteratorRecord</var> and <var>completion</var>
is used to notify an iterator that it should perform any actions it
would normally perform when it has reached its completed state:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1763"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1764"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>iteratorRecord</var>.[[Iterator]]) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1765"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>completion</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1766"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>iterator</var> be <var>iteratorRecord</var>.[[Iterator]].</li><li>Let <var>return</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetMethod" id="_ref_1767"><a href="#sec-getmethod">GetMethod</a></emu-xref>(<var>iterator</var>, <code>"return"</code>).</li><li>If <var>return</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1768"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref>(<var>completion</var>).</li><li>Let <var>innerResult</var> be <emu-xref aoid="Call" id="_ref_1769"><a href="#sec-call">Call</a></emu-xref>(<var>return</var>, <var>iterator</var>, « »).</li><li>If <var>completion</var>.[[Type]] is <emu-const>throw</emu-const>, return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1770"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref>(<var>completion</var>).</li><li>If <var>innerResult</var>.[[Type]] is <emu-const>throw</emu-const>, return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1771"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref>(<var>innerResult</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1772"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>innerResult</var>.[[Value]]) is not Object, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1773"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref>(<var>completion</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-asynciteratorclose" aoid="AsyncIteratorClose">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.4.7</span>AsyncIteratorClose ( <var>iteratorRecord</var>, <var>completion</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation AsyncIteratorClose with arguments <var>iteratorRecord</var> and <var>completion</var>
is used to notify an async iterator that it should perform any actions
it would normally perform when it has reached its completed state:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1774"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1775"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>iteratorRecord</var>.[[Iterator]]) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1776"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>completion</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1777"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>iterator</var> be <var>iteratorRecord</var>.[[Iterator]].</li><li>Let <var>return</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetMethod" id="_ref_1778"><a href="#sec-getmethod">GetMethod</a></emu-xref>(<var>iterator</var>, <code>"return"</code>).</li><li>If <var>return</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1779"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref>(<var>completion</var>).</li><li>Let <var>innerResult</var> be <emu-xref aoid="Call" id="_ref_1780"><a href="#sec-call">Call</a></emu-xref>(<var>return</var>, <var>iterator</var>, « »).</li><li>If <var>innerResult</var>.[[Type]] is <emu-const>normal</emu-const>, set <var>innerResult</var> to <emu-xref aoid="Await" id="_ref_1781"><a href="#await">Await</a></emu-xref>(<var>innerResult</var>.[[Value]]).</li><li>If <var>completion</var>.[[Type]] is <emu-const>throw</emu-const>, return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1782"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref>(<var>completion</var>).</li><li>If <var>innerResult</var>.[[Type]] is <emu-const>throw</emu-const>, return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1783"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref>(<var>innerResult</var>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1784"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>innerResult</var>.[[Value]]) is not Object, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="Completion" id="_ref_1785"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">Completion</a></emu-xref>(<var>completion</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createiterresultobject" aoid="CreateIterResultObject">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.4.8</span>CreateIterResultObject ( <var>value</var>, <var>done</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation CreateIterResultObject with arguments <var>value</var> and <var>done</var> creates an object that supports the IteratorResult interface by performing the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1786"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1787"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>done</var>) is Boolean.</li><li>Let <var>obj</var> be <emu-xref aoid="ObjectCreate" id="_ref_1788"><a href="#sec-objectcreate">ObjectCreate</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object" id="_ref_1789"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object">%ObjectPrototype%</a></emu-xref>).</li><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1790"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, <code>"value"</code>, <var>value</var>).</li><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_1791"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>obj</var>, <code>"done"</code>, <var>done</var>).</li><li>Return <var>obj</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createlistiteratorRecord" oldids="sec-createlistiterator" aoid="CreateListIteratorRecord">
<span id="sec-createlistiterator"></span><h1><span class="secnum">7.4.9</span>CreateListIteratorRecord ( <var>list</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation CreateListIteratorRecord with argument <var>list</var> creates an Iterator (<emu-xref href="#sec-iterator-interface" id="_ref_152"><a href="#sec-iterator-interface">25.1.1.2</a></emu-xref>) object record whose next method returns the successive elements of <var>list</var>. It performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>iterator</var> be <emu-xref aoid="ObjectCreate" id="_ref_1792"><a href="#sec-objectcreate">ObjectCreate</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref href="#sec-%iteratorprototype%-object" id="_ref_1793"><a href="#sec-%iteratorprototype%-object">%IteratorPrototype%</a></emu-xref>, « [[IteratedList]], [[ListIteratorNextIndex]] »).</li><li>Set <var>iterator</var>.[[IteratedList]] to <var>list</var>.</li><li>Set <var>iterator</var>.[[ListIteratorNextIndex]] to 0.</li><li>Let <var>steps</var> be the algorithm steps defined in ListIterator <code>next</code> (<emu-xref href="#sec-listiterator-next" id="_ref_153"><a href="#sec-listiterator-next">7.4.9.1</a></emu-xref>).</li><li>Let <var>next</var> be <emu-xref aoid="CreateBuiltinFunction" id="_ref_1794"><a href="#sec-createbuiltinfunction">CreateBuiltinFunction</a></emu-xref>(<var>steps</var>, « »).</li><li>Return <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1795"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> { [[Iterator]]: <var>iterator</var>, [[NextMethod]]: <var>next</var>, [[Done]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val> }.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The list iterator object is never directly accessible to ECMAScript code.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-clause id="sec-listiterator-next">
<h1><span class="secnum">7.4.9.1</span>ListIterator next ( )</h1>
<p>The ListIterator <code>next</code> method is a standard built-in <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_1796"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> (clause <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-standard-built-in-objects" id="_ref_154"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-standard-built-in-objects">17</a></emu-xref>) that performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>O</var> be the <emu-val>this</emu-val> value.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1797"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1798"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1799"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>O</var> has an [[IteratedList]] internal slot.</li><li>Let <var>list</var> be <var>O</var>.[[IteratedList]].</li><li>Let <var>index</var> be <var>O</var>.[[ListIteratorNextIndex]].</li><li>Let <var>len</var> be the number of elements of <var>list</var>.</li><li>If <var>index</var> ≥ <var>len</var>, then<ol><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="CreateIterResultObject" id="_ref_1800"><a href="#sec-createiterresultobject">CreateIterResultObject</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, <emu-val>true</emu-val>).</li></ol></li><li>Set <var>O</var>.[[ListIteratorNextIndex]] to <var>index</var> + 1.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="CreateIterResultObject" id="_ref_1801"><a href="#sec-createiterresultobject">CreateIterResultObject</a></emu-xref>(<var>list</var>[<var>index</var>], <emu-val>false</emu-val>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-executable-code-and-execution-contexts">
<h1><span class="secnum">8</span>Executable Code and Execution Contexts</h1>
<emu-clause id="sec-lexical-environments">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1</span>Lexical Environments</h1>
<p>A <dfn>Lexical Environment</dfn> is a specification type used to define the association of <emu-nt id="_ref_9020"><a href="#prod-Identifier">Identifier</a></emu-nt>s
to specific variables and functions based upon the lexical nesting
structure of ECMAScript code. A Lexical Environment consists of an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1802"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> and a possibly null reference to an <em>outer</em>
Lexical Environment. Usually a Lexical Environment is associated with
some specific syntactic structure of ECMAScript code such as a <emu-nt id="_ref_9021"><a href="#prod-FunctionDeclaration">FunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, a <emu-nt id="_ref_9022"><a href="#prod-BlockStatement">BlockStatement</a></emu-nt>, or a <emu-nt id="_ref_9023"><a href="#prod-Catch">Catch</a></emu-nt> clause of a <emu-nt id="_ref_9024"><a href="#prod-TryStatement">TryStatement</a></emu-nt> and a new Lexical Environment is created each time such code is evaluated.</p>
<p>An <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1803"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
records the identifier bindings that are created within the scope of
its associated Lexical Environment. It is referred to as the Lexical
Environment's <dfn>EnvironmentRecord</dfn>.</p>
<p>The outer environment reference is used to model the logical
nesting of Lexical Environment values. The outer reference of a (inner)
Lexical Environment is a reference to the Lexical Environment that
logically surrounds the inner Lexical Environment. An outer Lexical
Environment may, of course, have its own outer Lexical Environment. A
Lexical Environment may serve as the outer environment for multiple
inner Lexical Environments. For example, if a <emu-nt id="_ref_9025"><a href="#prod-FunctionDeclaration">FunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt> contains two nested <emu-nt id="_ref_9026"><a href="#prod-FunctionDeclaration">FunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>s
then the Lexical Environments of each of the nested functions will have
as their outer Lexical Environment the Lexical Environment of the
current evaluation of the surrounding function.</p>
<p>A <dfn id="global-environment">global environment</dfn> is a Lexical Environment which does not have an outer environment. The <emu-xref href="#global-environment" id="_ref_1804"><a href="#global-environment">global environment</a></emu-xref>'s outer environment reference is <emu-val>null</emu-val>. A <emu-xref href="#global-environment" id="_ref_1805"><a href="#global-environment">global environment</a></emu-xref>'s EnvironmentRecord may be prepopulated with identifier bindings and includes an associated <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1806"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> whose properties provide some of the <emu-xref href="#global-environment" id="_ref_1807"><a href="#global-environment">global environment</a></emu-xref>'s identifier bindings. As ECMAScript code is executed, additional properties may be added to the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1808"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> and the initial properties may be modified.</p>
<p>A <dfn id="module-environment">module environment</dfn> is a Lexical Environment that contains the bindings for the top level declarations of a <emu-nt id="_ref_9027"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>. It also contains the bindings that are explicitly imported by the <emu-nt id="_ref_9028"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>. The outer environment of a <emu-xref href="#module-environment" id="_ref_1809"><a href="#module-environment">module environment</a></emu-xref> is a <emu-xref href="#global-environment" id="_ref_1810"><a href="#global-environment">global environment</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>A <dfn id="function-environment">function environment</dfn> is a Lexical Environment that corresponds to the invocation of an ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_1811"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>. A <emu-xref href="#function-environment" id="_ref_1812"><a href="#function-environment">function environment</a></emu-xref> may establish a new <code>this</code> binding. A <emu-xref href="#function-environment" id="_ref_1813"><a href="#function-environment">function environment</a></emu-xref> also captures the state necessary to support <code>super</code> method invocations.</p>
<p>Lexical Environments and <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1814"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
values are purely specification mechanisms and need not correspond to
any specific artefact of an ECMAScript implementation. It is impossible
for an ECMAScript program to directly access or manipulate such values.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-environment-records">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1</span>Environment Records</h1>
<p>There are two primary kinds of <dfn>Environment Record</dfn> values used in this specification: <em>declarative Environment Records</em> and <em>object Environment Records</em>. Declarative Environment Records are used to define the effect of ECMAScript language syntactic elements such as <emu-nt id="_ref_9029"><a href="#prod-FunctionDeclaration">FunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>s, <emu-nt id="_ref_9030"><a href="#prod-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a></emu-nt>s, and <emu-nt id="_ref_9031"><a href="#prod-Catch">Catch</a></emu-nt>
clauses that directly associate identifier bindings with ECMAScript
language values. Object Environment Records are used to define the
effect of ECMAScript elements such as <emu-nt id="_ref_9032"><a href="#prod-WithStatement">WithStatement</a></emu-nt>
that associate identifier bindings with the properties of some object.
Global Environment Records and function Environment Records are
specializations that are used for specifically for <emu-nt id="_ref_9033"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> global declarations and for top-level declarations within functions.</p>
<p>For specification purposes Environment Record values are values of the <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1815"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref>
specification type and can be thought of as existing in a simple
object-oriented hierarchy where Environment Record is an abstract class
with three concrete subclasses, declarative Environment Record, object
Environment Record, and global Environment Record. Function Environment
Records and module Environment Records are subclasses of declarative
Environment Record. The abstract class includes the abstract
specification methods defined in <emu-xref href="#table-15" id="_ref_155"><a href="#table-15">Table 14</a></emu-xref>. These abstract methods have distinct concrete algorithms for each of the concrete subclasses.</p>
<emu-table id="table-15" caption="Abstract Methods of Environment Records"><figure><figcaption>Table 14: Abstract Methods of Environment Records</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Method
</th>
<th>
Purpose
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
HasBinding(N)
</td>
<td>
Determine if an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1816"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> has a binding for the String value <var>N</var>. Return <emu-val>true</emu-val> if it does and <emu-val>false</emu-val> if it does not.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
CreateMutableBinding(N, D)
</td>
<td>
Create a new but uninitialized mutable binding in an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1817"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. The String value <var>N</var> is the text of the bound name. If the Boolean argument <var>D</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val> the binding may be subsequently deleted.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
CreateImmutableBinding(N, S)
</td>
<td>
Create a new but uninitialized immutable binding in an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1818"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. The String value <var>N</var> is the text of the bound name. If <var>S</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>
then attempts to set it after it has been initialized will always throw
an exception, regardless of the strict mode setting of operations that
reference that binding.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
InitializeBinding(N, V)
</td>
<td>
Set the value of an already existing but uninitialized binding in an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1819"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. The String value <var>N</var> is the text of the bound name. <var>V</var> is the value for the binding and is a value of any <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1820"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language type</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SetMutableBinding(N, V, S)
</td>
<td>
Set the value of an already existing mutable binding in an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1821"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. The String value <var>N</var> is the text of the bound name. <var>V</var> is the value for the binding and may be a value of any <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_1822"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language type</a></emu-xref>. <var>S</var> is a Boolean flag. If <var>S</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val> and the binding cannot be set throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
GetBindingValue(N, S)
</td>
<td>
Returns the value of an already existing binding from an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1823"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. The String value <var>N</var> is the text of the bound name. <var>S</var> is used to identify references originating in <emu-xref href="#sec-strict-mode-code" id="_ref_1824"><a href="#sec-strict-mode-code">strict mode code</a></emu-xref> or that otherwise require strict mode reference semantics. If <var>S</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val> and the binding does not exist throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception. If the binding exists but is uninitialized a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> is thrown, regardless of the value of <var>S</var>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
DeleteBinding(N)
</td>
<td>
Delete a binding from an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1825"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. The String value <var>N</var> is the text of the bound name. If a binding for <var>N</var> exists, remove the binding and return <emu-val>true</emu-val>. If the binding exists but cannot be removed return <emu-val>false</emu-val>. If the binding does not exist return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
HasThisBinding()
</td>
<td>
Determine if an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1826"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> establishes a <code>this</code> binding. Return <emu-val>true</emu-val> if it does and <emu-val>false</emu-val> if it does not.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
HasSuperBinding()
</td>
<td>
Determine if an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1827"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> establishes a <code>super</code> method binding. Return <emu-val>true</emu-val> if it does and <emu-val>false</emu-val> if it does not.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
WithBaseObject()
</td>
<td>
If this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1828"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> is associated with a <code>with</code> statement, return the with object. Otherwise, return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<emu-clause id="sec-declarative-environment-records">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1</span>Declarative Environment Records</h1>
<p>Each declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1829"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
is associated with an ECMAScript program scope containing variable,
constant, let, class, module, import, and/or function declarations. A
declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1830"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> binds the set of identifiers defined by the declarations contained within its scope.</p>
<p>The behaviour of the concrete specification methods for declarative Environment Records is defined by the following algorithms.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-declarative-environment-records-hasbinding-n">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.1</span>HasBinding ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1831"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method HasBinding for declarative Environment Records simply determines
if the argument identifier is one of the identifiers bound by the
record:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1832"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>If <var>envRec</var> has a binding for the name that is the value of <var>N</var>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-declarative-environment-records-createmutablebinding-n-d">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.2</span>CreateMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>D</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1833"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> method CreateMutableBinding for declarative Environment Records creates a new mutable binding for the name <var>N</var> that is uninitialized. A binding must not already exist in this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1834"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for <var>N</var>. If Boolean argument <var>D</var> has the value <emu-val>true</emu-val> the new binding is marked as being subject to deletion.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1835"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1836"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var> does not already have a binding for <var>N</var>.</li><li>Create a mutable binding in <var>envRec</var> for <var>N</var> and record that it is uninitialized. If <var>D</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, record that the newly created binding may be deleted by a subsequent DeleteBinding call.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_1837"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-const>empty</emu-const>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-declarative-environment-records-createimmutablebinding-n-s">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.3</span>CreateImmutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1838"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> method CreateImmutableBinding for declarative Environment Records creates a new immutable binding for the name <var>N</var> that is uninitialized. A binding must not already exist in this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1839"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for <var>N</var>. If the Boolean argument <var>S</var> has the value <emu-val>true</emu-val> the new binding is marked as a strict binding.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1840"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1841"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var> does not already have a binding for <var>N</var>.</li><li>Create an immutable binding in <var>envRec</var> for <var>N</var> and record that it is uninitialized. If <var>S</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, record that the newly created binding is a strict binding.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_1842"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-const>empty</emu-const>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-declarative-environment-records-initializebinding-n-v">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.4</span>InitializeBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1843"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method InitializeBinding for declarative Environment Records is used to
set the bound value of the current binding of the identifier whose name
is the value of the argument <var>N</var> to the value of argument <var>V</var>. An uninitialized binding for <var>N</var> must already exist.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1844"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1845"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var> must have an uninitialized binding for <var>N</var>.</li><li>Set the bound value for <var>N</var> in <var>envRec</var> to <var>V</var>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1846"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> that the binding for <var>N</var> in <var>envRec</var> has been initialized.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_1847"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-const>empty</emu-const>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-declarative-environment-records-setmutablebinding-n-v-s">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.5</span>SetMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>S</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1848"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method SetMutableBinding for declarative Environment Records attempts
to change the bound value of the current binding of the identifier whose
name is the value of the argument <var>N</var> to the value of argument <var>V</var>. A binding for <var>N</var> normally already exists, but in rare cases it may not. If the binding is an immutable binding, a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> is thrown if <var>S</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1849"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>If <var>envRec</var> does not have a binding for <var>N</var>, then<ol><li>If <var>S</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Perform <var>envRec</var>.CreateMutableBinding(<var>N</var>, <emu-val>true</emu-val>).</li><li>Perform <var>envRec</var>.InitializeBinding(<var>N</var>, <var>V</var>).</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_1850"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-const>empty</emu-const>).</li></ol></li><li>If the binding for <var>N</var> in <var>envRec</var> is a strict binding, set <var>S</var> to <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If the binding for <var>N</var> in <var>envRec</var> has not yet been initialized, throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Else if the binding for <var>N</var> in <var>envRec</var> is a mutable binding, change its bound value to <var>V</var>.</li><li>Else,<ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1851"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: This is an attempt to change the value of an immutable binding.</li><li>If <var>S</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_1852"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-const>empty</emu-const>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>An example of ECMAScript code that results in a missing binding at step 2 is:</p>
<pre><code language="javascript">function f(){eval("var x; x = (delete x, 0);")}</code></pre>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-declarative-environment-records-getbindingvalue-n-s">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.6</span>GetBindingValue ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1853"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method GetBindingValue for declarative Environment Records simply
returns the value of its bound identifier whose name is the value of the
argument <var>N</var>. If the binding exists but is uninitialized a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> is thrown, regardless of the value of <var>S</var>.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1854"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1855"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var> has a binding for <var>N</var>.</li><li>If the binding for <var>N</var> in <var>envRec</var> is an uninitialized binding, throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return the value currently bound to <var>N</var> in <var>envRec</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-declarative-environment-records-deletebinding-n">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.7</span>DeleteBinding ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1856"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method DeleteBinding for declarative Environment Records can only
delete bindings that have been explicitly designated as being subject to
deletion.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1857"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1858"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var> has a binding for the name that is the value of <var>N</var>.</li><li>If the binding for <var>N</var> in <var>envRec</var> cannot be deleted, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Remove the binding for <var>N</var> from <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-declarative-environment-records-hasthisbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.8</span>HasThisBinding ( )</h1>
<p>Regular declarative Environment Records do not provide a <code>this</code> binding.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-declarative-environment-records-hassuperbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.9</span>HasSuperBinding ( )</h1>
<p>Regular declarative Environment Records do not provide a <code>super</code> binding.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-declarative-environment-records-withbaseobject">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.1.10</span>WithBaseObject ( )</h1>
<p>Declarative Environment Records always return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> as their WithBaseObject.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-environment-records">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2</span>Object Environment Records</h1>
<p>Each object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1859"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> is associated with an object called its <em>binding object</em>. An object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1860"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
binds the set of string identifier names that directly correspond to
the property names of its binding object. Property keys that are not
strings in the form of an <emu-nt id="_ref_9034"><a href="#prod-IdentifierName">IdentifierName</a></emu-nt>
are not included in the set of bound identifiers. Both own and
inherited properties are included in the set regardless of the setting
of their [[Enumerable]] attribute. Because properties can be dynamically
added and deleted from objects, the set of identifiers bound by an
object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1861"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
may potentially change as a side-effect of any operation that adds or
deletes properties. Any bindings that are created as a result of such a
side-effect are considered to be a mutable binding even if the Writable
attribute of the corresponding property has the value <emu-val>false</emu-val>. Immutable bindings do not exist for object Environment Records.</p>
<p>Object Environment Records created for <code>with</code> statements (<emu-xref href="#sec-with-statement" id="_ref_156"><a href="#sec-with-statement">13.11</a></emu-xref>) can provide their binding object as an implicit <emu-val>this</emu-val> value for use in function calls. The capability is controlled by a <var>withEnvironment</var> Boolean value that is associated with each object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1862"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. By default, the value of <var>withEnvironment</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val> for any object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1863"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>The behaviour of the concrete specification methods for object Environment Records is defined by the following algorithms.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-environment-records-hasbinding-n">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.1</span>HasBinding ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1864"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method HasBinding for object Environment Records determines if its
associated binding object has a property whose name is the value of the
argument <var>N</var>:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1865"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>bindings</var> be the binding object for <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Let <var>foundBinding</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_1866"><a href="#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>bindings</var>, <var>N</var>).</li><li>If <var>foundBinding</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If the <var>withEnvironment</var> flag of <var>envRec</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>unscopables</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1867"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>bindings</var>, @@unscopables).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1868"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>unscopables</var>) is Object, then<ol><li>Let <var>blocked</var> be <emu-xref aoid="ToBoolean" id="_ref_1869"><a href="#sec-toboolean">ToBoolean</a></emu-xref>(? <emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1870"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>unscopables</var>, <var>N</var>)).</li><li>If <var>blocked</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-environment-records-createmutablebinding-n-d">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.2</span>CreateMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>D</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1871"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> method CreateMutableBinding for object Environment Records creates in an <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1872"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>'s associated binding object a property whose name is the String value and initializes it to the value <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>. If Boolean argument <var>D</var> has the value <emu-val>true</emu-val> the new property's [[Configurable]] attribute is set to <emu-val>true</emu-val>; otherwise it is set to <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1873"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>bindings</var> be the binding object for <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_1874"><a href="#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>bindings</var>, <var>N</var>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <var>D</var> }).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Normally <var>envRec</var> will not have a binding for <var>N</var> but if it does, the semantics of <emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_1875"><a href="#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref> may result in an existing binding being replaced or shadowed or cause an <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1876"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">abrupt completion</a></emu-xref> to be returned.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-environment-records-createimmutablebinding-n-s">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.3</span>CreateImmutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1877"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> method CreateImmutableBinding is never used within this specification in association with object Environment Records.</p>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-environment-records-initializebinding-n-v">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.4</span>InitializeBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1878"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method InitializeBinding for object Environment Records is used to set
the bound value of the current binding of the identifier whose name is
the value of the argument <var>N</var> to the value of argument <var>V</var>. An uninitialized binding for <var>N</var> must already exist.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1879"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1880"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var> must have an uninitialized binding for <var>N</var>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1881"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> that the binding for <var>N</var> in <var>envRec</var> has been initialized.</li><li>Return ? <var>envRec</var>.SetMutableBinding(<var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <emu-val>false</emu-val>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>In this specification, all uses of CreateMutableBinding
for object Environment Records are immediately followed by a call to
InitializeBinding for the same name. Hence, implementations do not need
to explicitly track the initialization state of individual object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1882"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> bindings.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-environment-records-setmutablebinding-n-v-s">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.5</span>SetMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>S</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1883"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> method SetMutableBinding for object Environment Records attempts to set the value of the <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1884"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>'s associated binding object's property whose name is the value of the argument <var>N</var> to the value of argument <var>V</var>. A property named <var>N</var>
normally already exists but if it does not or is not currently
writable, error handling is determined by the value of the Boolean
argument <var>S</var>.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1885"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>bindings</var> be the binding object for <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Set" id="_ref_1886"><a href="#sec-set-o-p-v-throw">Set</a></emu-xref>(<var>bindings</var>, <var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>S</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-environment-records-getbindingvalue-n-s">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.6</span>GetBindingValue ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1887"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method GetBindingValue for object Environment Records returns the value
of its associated binding object's property whose name is the String
value of the argument identifier <var>N</var>. The property should already exist but if it does not the result depends upon the value of the <var>S</var> argument:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1888"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>bindings</var> be the binding object for <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Let <var>value</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_1889"><a href="#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>bindings</var>, <var>N</var>).</li><li>If <var>value</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>S</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return the value <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>; otherwise throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception.</li></ol></li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_1890"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>bindings</var>, <var>N</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-environment-records-deletebinding-n">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.7</span>DeleteBinding ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1891"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method DeleteBinding for object Environment Records can only delete
bindings that correspond to properties of the environment object whose
[[Configurable]] attribute have the value <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1892"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>bindings</var> be the binding object for <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Return ? <var>bindings</var>.[[Delete]](<var>N</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-environment-records-hasthisbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.8</span>HasThisBinding ( )</h1>
<p>Regular object Environment Records do not provide a <code>this</code> binding.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-environment-records-hassuperbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.9</span>HasSuperBinding ( )</h1>
<p>Regular object Environment Records do not provide a <code>super</code> binding.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-object-environment-records-withbaseobject">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.2.10</span>WithBaseObject ( )</h1>
<p>Object Environment Records return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> as their WithBaseObject unless their <var>withEnvironment</var> flag is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1893"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>If the <var>withEnvironment</var> flag of <var>envRec</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return the binding object for <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Otherwise, return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-function-environment-records">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3</span>Function Environment Records</h1>
<p>A <dfn>function Environment Record</dfn> is a declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1894"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> that is used to represent the top-level scope of a function and, if the function is not an <emu-nt id="_ref_9035"><a href="#prod-ArrowFunction">ArrowFunction</a></emu-nt>, provides a <code>this</code> binding. If a function is not an <emu-nt id="_ref_9036"><a href="#prod-ArrowFunction">ArrowFunction</a></emu-nt> function and references <code>super</code>, its function Environment Record also contains the state that is used to perform <code>super</code> method invocations from within the function.</p>
<p>Function Environment Records have the additional state fields listed in <emu-xref href="#table-16" id="_ref_157"><a href="#table-16">Table 15</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-16" caption="Additional Fields of Function Environment Records"><figure><figcaption>Table 15: Additional Fields of Function Environment Records</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Field Name
</th>
<th>
Value
</th>
<th>
Meaning
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[ThisValue]]
</td>
<td>
Any
</td>
<td>
This is the <emu-val>this</emu-val> value used for this invocation of the function.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[ThisBindingStatus]]
</td>
<td>
<code>"lexical"</code> | <code>"initialized"</code> | <code>"uninitialized"</code>
</td>
<td>
If the value is <code>"lexical"</code>, this is an <emu-nt id="_ref_9037"><a href="#prod-ArrowFunction">ArrowFunction</a></emu-nt> and does not have a local this value.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[FunctionObject]]
</td>
<td>
Object
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_1895"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> whose invocation caused this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1896"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> to be created.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[HomeObject]]
</td>
<td>
Object | <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>
</td>
<td>
If the associated function has <code>super</code> property accesses and is not an <emu-nt id="_ref_9038"><a href="#prod-ArrowFunction">ArrowFunction</a></emu-nt>, [[HomeObject]] is the object that the function is bound to as a method. The default value for [[HomeObject]] is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[NewTarget]]
</td>
<td>
Object | <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>
</td>
<td>
If this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1897"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> was created by the [[Construct]] internal method, [[NewTarget]] is the value of the [[Construct]] <var>newTarget</var> parameter. Otherwise, its value is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>Function Environment Records support all of the declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1898"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> methods listed in <emu-xref href="#table-15" id="_ref_158"><a href="#table-15">Table 14</a></emu-xref>
and share the same specifications for all of those methods except for
HasThisBinding and HasSuperBinding. In addition, function Environment
Records support the methods listed in <emu-xref href="#table-17" id="_ref_159"><a href="#table-17">Table 16</a></emu-xref>:</p>
<emu-table id="table-17" caption="Additional Methods of Function Environment Records"><figure><figcaption>Table 16: Additional Methods of Function Environment Records</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Method
</th>
<th>
Purpose
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
BindThisValue(V)
</td>
<td>
Set the [[ThisValue]] and record that it has been initialized.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
GetThisBinding()
</td>
<td>
Return the value of this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1899"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>'s <code>this</code> binding. Throws a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> if the <code>this</code> binding has not been initialized.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
GetSuperBase()
</td>
<td>
Return the object that is the base for <code>super</code> property accesses bound in this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1900"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. The object is derived from this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1901"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>'s [[HomeObject]] field. The value <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> indicates that <code>super</code> property accesses will produce runtime errors.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>The behaviour of the additional concrete specification
methods for function Environment Records is defined by the following
algorithms:</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-bindthisvalue">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3.1</span>BindThisValue ( <var>V</var> )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the <emu-xref href="#sec-function-environment-records" id="_ref_1902"><a href="#sec-function-environment-records">function Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1903"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisBindingStatus]] is not <code>"lexical"</code>.</li><li>If <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisBindingStatus]] is <code>"initialized"</code>, throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Set <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisValue]] to <var>V</var>.</li><li>Set <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisBindingStatus]] to <code>"initialized"</code>.</li><li>Return <var>V</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-function-environment-records-hasthisbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3.2</span>HasThisBinding ( )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the <emu-xref href="#sec-function-environment-records" id="_ref_1904"><a href="#sec-function-environment-records">function Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>If <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisBindingStatus]] is <code>"lexical"</code>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>; otherwise, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-function-environment-records-hassuperbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3.3</span>HasSuperBinding ( )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the <emu-xref href="#sec-function-environment-records" id="_ref_1905"><a href="#sec-function-environment-records">function Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>If <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisBindingStatus]] is <code>"lexical"</code>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>envRec</var>.[[HomeObject]] has the value <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>; otherwise, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-function-environment-records-getthisbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3.4</span>GetThisBinding ( )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the <emu-xref href="#sec-function-environment-records" id="_ref_1906"><a href="#sec-function-environment-records">function Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1907"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisBindingStatus]] is not <code>"lexical"</code>.</li><li>If <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisBindingStatus]] is <code>"uninitialized"</code>, throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisValue]].
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-getsuperbase">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.3.5</span>GetSuperBase ( )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the <emu-xref href="#sec-function-environment-records" id="_ref_1908"><a href="#sec-function-environment-records">function Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>home</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[HomeObject]].</li><li>If <var>home</var> has the value <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1909"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1910"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>home</var>) is Object.</li><li>Return ? <var>home</var>.[[GetPrototypeOf]]().
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4</span>Global Environment Records</h1>
<p>A global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1911"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> is used to represent the outer most scope that is shared by all of the ECMAScript <emu-nt id="_ref_9039"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> elements that are processed in a common <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_1912"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref>. A global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1913"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> provides the bindings for built-in globals (clause <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_160"><a href="#sec-global-object">18</a></emu-xref>), properties of the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1914"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>, and for all top-level declarations (<emu-xref href="#sec-block-static-semantics-toplevellexicallyscopeddeclarations" id="_ref_161"><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-toplevellexicallyscopeddeclarations">13.2.8</a></emu-xref>, <emu-xref href="#sec-block-static-semantics-toplevelvarscopeddeclarations" id="_ref_162"><a href="#sec-block-static-semantics-toplevelvarscopeddeclarations">13.2.10</a></emu-xref>) that occur within a <emu-nt id="_ref_9040"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt>.</p>
<p>A global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1915"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> is logically a single record but it is specified as a composite encapsulating an object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1916"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> and a declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1917"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. The object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1918"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> has as its base object the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1919"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> of the associated <emu-xref href="#realm-record" id="_ref_1920"><a href="#realm-record">Realm Record</a></emu-xref>. This <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1921"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> is the value returned by the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1922"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>'s GetThisBinding concrete method. The object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1923"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> component of a global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1924"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> contains the bindings for all built-in globals (clause <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_163"><a href="#sec-global-object">18</a></emu-xref>) and all bindings introduced by a <emu-nt id="_ref_9041"><a href="#prod-FunctionDeclaration">FunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9042"><a href="#prod-GeneratorDeclaration">GeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9043"><a href="#prod-AsyncFunctionDeclaration">AsyncFunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9044"><a href="#prod-AsyncGeneratorDeclaration">AsyncGeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, or <emu-nt id="_ref_9045"><a href="#prod-VariableStatement">VariableStatement</a></emu-nt> contained in global code. The bindings for all other ECMAScript declarations in global code are contained in the declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1925"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> component of the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1926"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>Properties may be created directly on a <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1927"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>. Hence, the object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1928"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> component of a global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1929"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> may contain both bindings created explicitly by <emu-nt id="_ref_9046"><a href="#prod-FunctionDeclaration">FunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9047"><a href="#prod-GeneratorDeclaration">GeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9048"><a href="#prod-AsyncFunctionDeclaration">AsyncFunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9049"><a href="#prod-AsyncGeneratorDeclaration">AsyncGeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, or <emu-nt id="_ref_9050"><a href="#prod-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a></emu-nt> declarations and bindings created implicitly as properties of the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1930"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>. In order to identify which bindings were explicitly created using declarations, a global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1931"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> maintains a list of the names bound using its CreateGlobalVarBinding and CreateGlobalFunctionBinding concrete methods.</p>
<p>Global Environment Records have the additional fields listed in <emu-xref href="#table-18" id="_ref_164"><a href="#table-18">Table 17</a></emu-xref> and the additional methods listed in <emu-xref href="#table-19" id="_ref_165"><a href="#table-19">Table 18</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-18" caption="Additional Fields of Global Environment Records"><figure><figcaption>Table 17: Additional Fields of Global Environment Records</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Field Name
</th>
<th>
Value
</th>
<th>
Meaning
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[ObjectRecord]]
</td>
<td>
Object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1932"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
Binding object is the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1933"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>. It contains global built-in bindings as well as <emu-nt id="_ref_9051"><a href="#prod-FunctionDeclaration">FunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9052"><a href="#prod-GeneratorDeclaration">GeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9053"><a href="#prod-AsyncFunctionDeclaration">AsyncFunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9054"><a href="#prod-AsyncGeneratorDeclaration">AsyncGeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, and <emu-nt id="_ref_9055"><a href="#prod-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a></emu-nt> bindings in global code for the associated <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_1934"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[GlobalThisValue]]
</td>
<td>
Object
</td>
<td>
The value returned by <code>this</code> in global scope. Hosts may provide any ECMAScript Object value.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[DeclarativeRecord]]
</td>
<td>
Declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1935"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
Contains bindings for all declarations in global code for the associated <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_1936"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref> code except for <emu-nt id="_ref_9056"><a href="#prod-FunctionDeclaration">FunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9057"><a href="#prod-GeneratorDeclaration">GeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9058"><a href="#prod-AsyncFunctionDeclaration">AsyncFunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9059"><a href="#prod-AsyncGeneratorDeclaration">AsyncGeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, and <emu-nt id="_ref_9060"><a href="#prod-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a></emu-nt> <var>bindings</var>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[VarNames]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1937"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of String
</td>
<td>
The string names bound by <emu-nt id="_ref_9061"><a href="#prod-FunctionDeclaration">FunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9062"><a href="#prod-GeneratorDeclaration">GeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9063"><a href="#prod-AsyncFunctionDeclaration">AsyncFunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9064"><a href="#prod-AsyncGeneratorDeclaration">AsyncGeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, and <emu-nt id="_ref_9065"><a href="#prod-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a></emu-nt> declarations in global code for the associated <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_1938"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<emu-table id="table-19" caption="Additional Methods of Global Environment Records"><figure><figcaption>Table 18: Additional Methods of Global Environment Records</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Method
</th>
<th>
Purpose
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
GetThisBinding()
</td>
<td>
Return the value of this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1939"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>'s <code>this</code> binding.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
HasVarDeclaration (N)
</td>
<td>
Determines if the argument identifier has a binding in this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1940"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> that was created using a <emu-nt id="_ref_9066"><a href="#prod-VariableDeclaration">VariableDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9067"><a href="#prod-FunctionDeclaration">FunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9068"><a href="#prod-GeneratorDeclaration">GeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, <emu-nt id="_ref_9069"><a href="#prod-AsyncFunctionDeclaration">AsyncFunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>, or <emu-nt id="_ref_9070"><a href="#prod-AsyncGeneratorDeclaration">AsyncGeneratorDeclaration</a></emu-nt>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
HasLexicalDeclaration (N)
</td>
<td>
Determines if the argument identifier has a binding in this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1941"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> that was created using a lexical declaration such as a <emu-nt id="_ref_9071"><a href="#prod-LexicalDeclaration">LexicalDeclaration</a></emu-nt> or a <emu-nt id="_ref_9072"><a href="#prod-ClassDeclaration">ClassDeclaration</a></emu-nt>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
HasRestrictedGlobalProperty (N)
</td>
<td>
Determines if the argument is the name of a <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1942"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> property that may not be shadowed by a global lexical binding.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
CanDeclareGlobalVar (N)
</td>
<td>
Determines if a corresponding CreateGlobalVarBinding call would succeed if called for the same argument <var>N</var>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
CanDeclareGlobalFunction (N)
</td>
<td>
Determines if a corresponding CreateGlobalFunctionBinding call would succeed if called for the same argument <var>N</var>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
CreateGlobalVarBinding(N, D)
</td>
<td>
Used to create and initialize to <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> a global <code>var</code> binding in the [[ObjectRecord]] component of a global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1943"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. The binding will be a mutable binding. The corresponding <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1944"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> property will have attribute values appropriate for a <code>var</code>. The String value <var>N</var> is the bound name. If <var>D</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>
the binding may be deleted. Logically equivalent to
CreateMutableBinding followed by a SetMutableBinding but it allows var
declarations to receive special treatment.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
CreateGlobalFunctionBinding(N, V, D)
</td>
<td>
Create and initialize a global <code>function</code> binding in the [[ObjectRecord]] component of a global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1945"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. The binding will be a mutable binding. The corresponding <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1946"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> property will have attribute values appropriate for a <code>function</code>. The String value <var>N</var> is the bound name. <var>V</var> is the initialization value. If the Boolean argument <var>D</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>
the binding may be deleted. Logically equivalent to
CreateMutableBinding followed by a SetMutableBinding but it allows
function declarations to receive special treatment.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>The behaviour of the concrete specification methods for global Environment Records is defined by the following algorithms.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records-hasbinding-n">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.1</span>HasBinding ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1947"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method HasBinding for global Environment Records simply determines if
the argument identifier is one of the identifiers bound by the record:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1948"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>DclRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[DeclarativeRecord]].</li><li>If <var>DclRec</var>.HasBinding(<var>N</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>ObjRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[ObjectRecord]].</li><li>Return ? <var>ObjRec</var>.HasBinding(<var>N</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records-createmutablebinding-n-d">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.2</span>CreateMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>D</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1949"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> method CreateMutableBinding for global Environment Records creates a new mutable binding for the name <var>N</var> that is uninitialized. The binding is created in the associated DeclarativeRecord. A binding for <var>N</var> must not already exist in the DeclarativeRecord. If Boolean argument <var>D</var> has the value <emu-val>true</emu-val> the new binding is marked as being subject to deletion.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1950"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>DclRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[DeclarativeRecord]].</li><li>If <var>DclRec</var>.HasBinding(<var>N</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return <var>DclRec</var>.CreateMutableBinding(<var>N</var>, <var>D</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records-createimmutablebinding-n-s">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.3</span>CreateImmutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1951"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> method CreateImmutableBinding for global Environment Records creates a new immutable binding for the name <var>N</var> that is uninitialized. A binding must not already exist in this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1952"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for <var>N</var>. If the Boolean argument <var>S</var> has the value <emu-val>true</emu-val> the new binding is marked as a strict binding.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1953"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>DclRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[DeclarativeRecord]].</li><li>If <var>DclRec</var>.HasBinding(<var>N</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return <var>DclRec</var>.CreateImmutableBinding(<var>N</var>, <var>S</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records-initializebinding-n-v">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.4</span>InitializeBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1954"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method InitializeBinding for global Environment Records is used to set
the bound value of the current binding of the identifier whose name is
the value of the argument <var>N</var> to the value of argument <var>V</var>. An uninitialized binding for <var>N</var> must already exist.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1955"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>DclRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[DeclarativeRecord]].</li><li>If <var>DclRec</var>.HasBinding(<var>N</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Return <var>DclRec</var>.InitializeBinding(<var>N</var>, <var>V</var>).</li></ol></li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_1956"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: If the binding exists, it must be in the object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1957"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>ObjRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[ObjectRecord]].</li><li>Return ? <var>ObjRec</var>.InitializeBinding(<var>N</var>, <var>V</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records-setmutablebinding-n-v-s">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.5</span>SetMutableBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>S</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1958"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method SetMutableBinding for global Environment Records attempts to
change the bound value of the current binding of the identifier whose
name is the value of the argument <var>N</var> to the value of argument <var>V</var>. If the binding is an immutable binding, a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> is thrown if <var>S</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>. A property named <var>N</var>
normally already exists but if it does not or is not currently
writable, error handling is determined by the value of the Boolean
argument <var>S</var>.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1959"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>DclRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[DeclarativeRecord]].</li><li>If <var>DclRec</var>.HasBinding(<var>N</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Return <var>DclRec</var>.SetMutableBinding(<var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>S</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>ObjRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[ObjectRecord]].</li><li>Return ? <var>ObjRec</var>.SetMutableBinding(<var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>S</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records-getbindingvalue-n-s">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.6</span>GetBindingValue ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1960"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method GetBindingValue for global Environment Records returns the value
of its bound identifier whose name is the value of the argument <var>N</var>. If the binding is an uninitialized binding throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception. A property named <var>N</var>
normally already exists but if it does not or is not currently
writable, error handling is determined by the value of the Boolean
argument <var>S</var>.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1961"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>DclRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[DeclarativeRecord]].</li><li>If <var>DclRec</var>.HasBinding(<var>N</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Return <var>DclRec</var>.GetBindingValue(<var>N</var>, <var>S</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>ObjRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[ObjectRecord]].</li><li>Return ? <var>ObjRec</var>.GetBindingValue(<var>N</var>, <var>S</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records-deletebinding-n">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.7</span>DeleteBinding ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1962"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method DeleteBinding for global Environment Records can only delete
bindings that have been explicitly designated as being subject to
deletion.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1963"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>DclRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[DeclarativeRecord]].</li><li>If <var>DclRec</var>.HasBinding(<var>N</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Return <var>DclRec</var>.DeleteBinding(<var>N</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>ObjRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[ObjectRecord]].</li><li>Let <var>globalObject</var> be the binding object for <var>ObjRec</var>.</li><li>Let <var>existingProp</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasOwnProperty" id="_ref_1964"><a href="#sec-hasownproperty">HasOwnProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>globalObject</var>, <var>N</var>).</li><li>If <var>existingProp</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>status</var> be ? <var>ObjRec</var>.DeleteBinding(<var>N</var>).</li><li>If <var>status</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>varNames</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[VarNames]].</li><li>If <var>N</var> is an element of <var>varNames</var>, remove that element from the <var>varNames</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <var>status</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records-hasthisbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.8</span>HasThisBinding ( )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records-hassuperbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.9</span>HasSuperBinding ( )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records-withbaseobject">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.10</span>WithBaseObject ( )</h1>
<p>Global Environment Records always return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> as their WithBaseObject.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-global-environment-records-getthisbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.11</span>GetThisBinding ( )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1965"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Return <var>envRec</var>.[[GlobalThisValue]].
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-hasvardeclaration">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.12</span>HasVarDeclaration ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1966"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method HasVarDeclaration for global Environment Records determines if
the argument identifier has a binding in this record that was created
using a <emu-nt id="_ref_9073"><a href="#prod-VariableStatement">VariableStatement</a></emu-nt> or a <emu-nt id="_ref_9074"><a href="#prod-FunctionDeclaration">FunctionDeclaration</a></emu-nt>:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1967"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>varDeclaredNames</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[VarNames]].</li><li>If <var>varDeclaredNames</var> contains <var>N</var>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-haslexicaldeclaration">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.13</span>HasLexicalDeclaration ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1968"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method HasLexicalDeclaration for global Environment Records determines
if the argument identifier has a binding in this record that was created
using a lexical declaration such as a <emu-nt id="_ref_9075"><a href="#prod-LexicalDeclaration">LexicalDeclaration</a></emu-nt> or a <emu-nt id="_ref_9076"><a href="#prod-ClassDeclaration">ClassDeclaration</a></emu-nt>:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1969"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>DclRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[DeclarativeRecord]].</li><li>Return <var>DclRec</var>.HasBinding(<var>N</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-hasrestrictedglobalproperty">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.14</span>HasRestrictedGlobalProperty ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1970"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method HasRestrictedGlobalProperty for global Environment Records
determines if the argument identifier is the name of a property of the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1971"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> that must not be shadowed by a global lexical binding:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1972"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>ObjRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[ObjectRecord]].</li><li>Let <var>globalObject</var> be the binding object for <var>ObjRec</var>.</li><li>Let <var>existingProp</var> be ? <var>globalObject</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>N</var>).</li><li>If <var>existingProp</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>existingProp</var>.[[Configurable]] is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Properties may exist upon a <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1973"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>
that were directly created rather than being declared using a var or
function declaration. A global lexical binding may not be created that
has the same name as a non-configurable property of the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1974"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>. The global property <code>undefined</code> is an example of such a property.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-candeclareglobalvar">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.15</span>CanDeclareGlobalVar ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1975"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method CanDeclareGlobalVar for global Environment Records determines if
a corresponding CreateGlobalVarBinding call would succeed if called for
the same argument <var>N</var>. Redundant var declarations and var declarations for pre-existing <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1976"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> properties are allowed.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1977"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>ObjRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[ObjectRecord]].</li><li>Let <var>globalObject</var> be the binding object for <var>ObjRec</var>.</li><li>Let <var>hasProperty</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasOwnProperty" id="_ref_1978"><a href="#sec-hasownproperty">HasOwnProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>globalObject</var>, <var>N</var>).</li><li>If <var>hasProperty</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IsExtensible" id="_ref_1979"><a href="#sec-isextensible-o">IsExtensible</a></emu-xref>(<var>globalObject</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-candeclareglobalfunction">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.16</span>CanDeclareGlobalFunction ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1980"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method CanDeclareGlobalFunction for global Environment Records
determines if a corresponding CreateGlobalFunctionBinding call would
succeed if called for the same argument <var>N</var>.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1981"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>ObjRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[ObjectRecord]].</li><li>Let <var>globalObject</var> be the binding object for <var>ObjRec</var>.</li><li>Let <var>existingProp</var> be ? <var>globalObject</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>N</var>).</li><li>If <var>existingProp</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IsExtensible" id="_ref_1982"><a href="#sec-isextensible-o">IsExtensible</a></emu-xref>(<var>globalObject</var>).</li><li>If <var>existingProp</var>.[[Configurable]] is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_1983"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>existingProp</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val> and <var>existingProp</var> has attribute values { [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createglobalvarbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.17</span>CreateGlobalVarBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>D</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1984"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method CreateGlobalVarBinding for global Environment Records creates
and initializes a mutable binding in the associated object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1985"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> and records the bound name in the associated [[VarNames]] <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1986"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>. If a binding already exists, it is reused and assumed to be initialized.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1987"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>ObjRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[ObjectRecord]].</li><li>Let <var>globalObject</var> be the binding object for <var>ObjRec</var>.</li><li>Let <var>hasProperty</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasOwnProperty" id="_ref_1988"><a href="#sec-hasownproperty">HasOwnProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>globalObject</var>, <var>N</var>).</li><li>Let <var>extensible</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IsExtensible" id="_ref_1989"><a href="#sec-isextensible-o">IsExtensible</a></emu-xref>(<var>globalObject</var>).</li><li>If <var>hasProperty</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val> and <var>extensible</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Perform ? <var>ObjRec</var>.CreateMutableBinding(<var>N</var>, <var>D</var>).</li><li>Perform ? <var>ObjRec</var>.InitializeBinding(<var>N</var>, <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>varDeclaredNames</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[VarNames]].</li><li>If <var>varDeclaredNames</var> does not contain <var>N</var>, then<ol><li>Append <var>N</var> to <var>varDeclaredNames</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_1990"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-const>empty</emu-const>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createglobalfunctionbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.4.18</span>CreateGlobalFunctionBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>D</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1991"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method CreateGlobalFunctionBinding for global Environment Records
creates and initializes a mutable binding in the associated object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1992"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> and records the bound name in the associated [[VarNames]] <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1993"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>. If a binding already exists, it is replaced.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_1994"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li>Let <var>ObjRec</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[ObjectRecord]].</li><li>Let <var>globalObject</var> be the binding object for <var>ObjRec</var>.</li><li>Let <var>existingProp</var> be ? <var>globalObject</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>N</var>).</li><li>If <var>existingProp</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> or <var>existingProp</var>.[[Configurable]] is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>desc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>V</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <var>D</var> }.</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>Let <var>desc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>V</var> }.</li></ol></li><li>Perform ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_1995"><a href="#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>globalObject</var>, <var>N</var>, <var>desc</var>).</li><li><emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_1996"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> that the binding for <var>N</var> in <var>ObjRec</var> has been initialized.</li><li>Perform ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Set" id="_ref_1997"><a href="#sec-set-o-p-v-throw">Set</a></emu-xref>(<var>globalObject</var>, <var>N</var>, <var>V</var>, <emu-val>false</emu-val>).</li><li>Let <var>varDeclaredNames</var> be <var>envRec</var>.[[VarNames]].</li><li>If <var>varDeclaredNames</var> does not contain <var>N</var>, then<ol><li>Append <var>N</var> to <var>varDeclaredNames</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_1998"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-const>empty</emu-const>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Global function declarations are always represented as own properties of the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_1999"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>.
If possible, an existing own property is reconfigured to have a
standard set of attribute values. Steps 8-9 are equivalent to what
calling the InitializeBinding concrete method would do and if <var>globalObject</var> is a Proxy will produce the same sequence of Proxy trap calls.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-module-environment-records">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5</span>Module Environment Records</h1>
<p>A module <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2000"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> is a declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2001"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> that is used to represent the outer scope of an ECMAScript <emu-nt id="_ref_9077"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>.
In additional to normal mutable and immutable bindings, module
Environment Records also provide immutable import bindings which are
bindings that provide indirect access to a target binding that exists in
another <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2002"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>Module Environment Records support all of the declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2003"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> methods listed in <emu-xref href="#table-15" id="_ref_166"><a href="#table-15">Table 14</a></emu-xref>
and share the same specifications for all of those methods except for
GetBindingValue, DeleteBinding, HasThisBinding and GetThisBinding. In
addition, module Environment Records support the methods listed in <emu-xref href="#table-20" id="_ref_167"><a href="#table-20">Table 19</a></emu-xref>:</p>
<emu-table id="table-20" caption="Additional Methods of Module Environment Records"><figure><figcaption>Table 19: Additional Methods of Module Environment Records</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Method
</th>
<th>
Purpose
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
CreateImportBinding(N, M, N2)
</td>
<td>
Create an immutable indirect binding in a module <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2004"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. The String value <var>N</var> is the text of the bound name. <var>M</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-abstract-module-records" id="_ref_2005"><a href="#sec-abstract-module-records">Module Record</a></emu-xref>, and <var>N2</var> is a binding that exists in M's module <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2006"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
GetThisBinding()
</td>
<td>
Return the value of this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2007"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>'s <code>this</code> binding.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>The behaviour of the additional concrete specification
methods for module Environment Records are defined by the following
algorithms:</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-module-environment-records-getbindingvalue-n-s">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5.1</span>GetBindingValue ( <var>N</var>, <var>S</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2008"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>
method GetBindingValue for module Environment Records returns the value
of its bound identifier whose name is the value of the argument <var>N</var>.
However, if the binding is an indirect binding the value of the target
binding is returned. If the binding exists but is uninitialized a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> is thrown.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2009"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>S</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the module <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2010"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2011"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var> has a binding for <var>N</var>.</li><li>If the binding for <var>N</var> is an indirect binding, then<ol><li>Let <var>M</var> and <var>N2</var> be the indirection values provided when this binding for <var>N</var> was created.</li><li>Let <var>targetEnv</var> be <var>M</var>.[[Environment]].</li><li>If <var>targetEnv</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Let <var>targetER</var> be <var>targetEnv</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2012"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return ? <var>targetER</var>.GetBindingValue(<var>N2</var>, <emu-val>true</emu-val>).</li></ol></li><li>If the binding for <var>N</var> in <var>envRec</var> is an uninitialized binding, throw a <emu-val>ReferenceError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Return the value currently bound to <var>N</var> in <var>envRec</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p><var>S</var> will always be <emu-val>true</emu-val> because a <emu-nt id="_ref_9078"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt> is always <emu-xref href="#sec-strict-mode-code" id="_ref_2013"><a href="#sec-strict-mode-code">strict mode code</a></emu-xref>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-module-environment-records-deletebinding-n">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5.2</span>DeleteBinding ( <var>N</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2014"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> method DeleteBinding for module Environment Records refuses to delete bindings.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2015"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: This method is never invoked. See <emu-xref href="#sec-delete-operator-static-semantics-early-errors" id="_ref_168"><a href="#sec-delete-operator-static-semantics-early-errors">12.5.3.1</a></emu-xref>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Module Environment Records are only used within strict code and an <emu-xref href="#early-error" id="_ref_2016"><a href="#early-error">early error</a></emu-xref> rule prevents the delete operator, in strict code, from being applied to a <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_2017"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref> that would resolve to a module <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2018"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> binding. See <emu-xref href="#sec-delete-operator-static-semantics-early-errors" id="_ref_169"><a href="#sec-delete-operator-static-semantics-early-errors">12.5.3.1</a></emu-xref>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-module-environment-records-hasthisbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5.3</span>HasThisBinding ( )</h1>
<p>Module Environment Records provide a <code>this</code> binding.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-module-environment-records-getthisbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5.4</span>GetThisBinding ( )</h1>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createimportbinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.1.5.5</span>CreateImportBinding ( <var>N</var>, <var>M</var>, <var>N2</var> )</h1>
<p>The concrete <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2019"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> method CreateImportBinding for module Environment Records creates a new initialized immutable indirect binding for the name <var>N</var>. A binding must not already exist in this <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2020"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for <var>N</var>. <var>M</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-abstract-module-records" id="_ref_2021"><a href="#sec-abstract-module-records">Module Record</a></emu-xref>, and <var>N2</var> is the name of a binding that exists in M's module <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2022"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>. Accesses to the value of the new binding will indirectly access the bound value of the target binding.</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be the module <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2023"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> for which the method was invoked.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2024"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var> does not already have a binding for <var>N</var>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2025"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>M</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-abstract-module-records" id="_ref_2026"><a href="#sec-abstract-module-records">Module Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2027"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: When <var>M</var>.[[Environment]] is instantiated it will have a direct binding for <var>N2</var>.</li><li>Create an immutable indirect binding in <var>envRec</var> for <var>N</var> that references <var>M</var> and <var>N2</var> as its target binding and record that the binding is initialized.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_2028"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-const>empty</emu-const>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-lexical-environment-operations">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.2</span>Lexical Environment Operations</h1>
<p>The following <emu-xref href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" id="_ref_2029"><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">abstract operations</a></emu-xref> are used in this specification to operate upon lexical environments:</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-getidentifierreference" aoid="GetIdentifierReference">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.2.1</span>GetIdentifierReference ( <var>lex</var>, <var>name</var>, <var>strict</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation GetIdentifierReference is called with a <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2030"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> <var>lex</var>, a String <var>name</var>, and a Boolean flag <var>strict</var>. The value of <var>lex</var> may be <emu-val>null</emu-val>. When called, the following steps are performed:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>lex</var> is the value <emu-val>null</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Return a value of type <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_2031"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref> whose base value component is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, whose referenced name component is <var>name</var>, and whose strict reference flag is <var>strict</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be <var>lex</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2032"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>exists</var> be ? <var>envRec</var>.HasBinding(<var>name</var>).</li><li>If <var>exists</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Return a value of type <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_2033"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref> whose base value component is <var>envRec</var>, whose referenced name component is <var>name</var>, and whose strict reference flag is <var>strict</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>Let <var>outer</var> be the value of <var>lex</var>'s outer environment reference.</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetIdentifierReference" id="_ref_2034"><a href="#sec-getidentifierreference">GetIdentifierReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>outer</var>, <var>name</var>, <var>strict</var>).
</li></ol></li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-newdeclarativeenvironment" aoid="NewDeclarativeEnvironment">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.2.2</span>NewDeclarativeEnvironment ( <var>E</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation NewDeclarativeEnvironment is called with a <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2035"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> as argument <var>E</var> the following steps are performed:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>env</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2036"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be a new declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2037"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> containing no bindings.</li><li>Set <var>env</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2038"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref> to <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Set the outer lexical environment reference of <var>env</var> to <var>E</var>.</li><li>Return <var>env</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-newobjectenvironment" aoid="NewObjectEnvironment">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.2.3</span>NewObjectEnvironment ( <var>O</var>, <var>E</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation NewObjectEnvironment is called with an Object <var>O</var> and a <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2039"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> <var>E</var> as arguments, the following steps are performed:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>env</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2040"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be a new object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2041"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> containing <var>O</var> as the binding object.</li><li>Set <var>env</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2042"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref> to <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Set the outer lexical environment reference of <var>env</var> to <var>E</var>.</li><li>Return <var>env</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-newfunctionenvironment" aoid="NewFunctionEnvironment">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.2.4</span>NewFunctionEnvironment ( <var>F</var>, <var>newTarget</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation NewFunctionEnvironment is called with arguments <var>F</var> and <var>newTarget</var> the following steps are performed:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2043"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>F</var> is an ECMAScript function.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2044"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2045"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>) is Undefined or Object.</li><li>Let <var>env</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2046"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-function-environment-records" id="_ref_2047"><a href="#sec-function-environment-records">function Environment Record</a></emu-xref> containing no bindings.</li><li>Set <var>envRec</var>.[[FunctionObject]] to <var>F</var>.</li><li>If <var>F</var>.[[ThisMode]] is <emu-const>lexical</emu-const>, set <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisBindingStatus]] to <code>"lexical"</code>.</li><li>Else, set <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisBindingStatus]] to <code>"uninitialized"</code>.</li><li>Let <var>home</var> be <var>F</var>.[[HomeObject]].</li><li>Set <var>envRec</var>.[[HomeObject]] to <var>home</var>.</li><li>Set <var>envRec</var>.[[NewTarget]] to <var>newTarget</var>.</li><li>Set <var>env</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2048"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref> to <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Set the outer lexical environment reference of <var>env</var> to <var>F</var>.[[Environment]].</li><li>Return <var>env</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-newglobalenvironment" aoid="NewGlobalEnvironment">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.2.5</span>NewGlobalEnvironment ( <var>G</var>, <var>thisValue</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation NewGlobalEnvironment is called with arguments <var>G</var> and <var>thisValue</var>, the following steps are performed:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>env</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2049"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>objRec</var> be a new object <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2050"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> containing <var>G</var> as the binding object.</li><li>Let <var>dclRec</var> be a new declarative <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2051"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> containing no bindings.</li><li>Let <var>globalRec</var> be a new global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2052"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Set <var>globalRec</var>.[[ObjectRecord]] to <var>objRec</var>.</li><li>Set <var>globalRec</var>.[[GlobalThisValue]] to <var>thisValue</var>.</li><li>Set <var>globalRec</var>.[[DeclarativeRecord]] to <var>dclRec</var>.</li><li>Set <var>globalRec</var>.[[VarNames]] to a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2053"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Set <var>env</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2054"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref> to <var>globalRec</var>.</li><li>Set the outer lexical environment reference of <var>env</var> to <emu-val>null</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <var>env</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-newmoduleenvironment" aoid="NewModuleEnvironment">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.1.2.6</span>NewModuleEnvironment ( <var>E</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation NewModuleEnvironment is called with a <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2055"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> argument <var>E</var> the following steps are performed:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>env</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2056"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be a new module <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2057"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> containing no bindings.</li><li>Set <var>env</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2058"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref> to <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Set the outer lexical environment reference of <var>env</var> to <var>E</var>.</li><li>Return <var>env</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-code-realms">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.2</span>Realms</h1>
<p>Before it is evaluated, all ECMAScript code must be associated with a <dfn id="realm">realm</dfn>. Conceptually, a <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2059"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref> consists of a set of intrinsic objects, an ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#global-environment" id="_ref_2060"><a href="#global-environment">global environment</a></emu-xref>, all of the ECMAScript code that is loaded within the scope of that <emu-xref href="#global-environment" id="_ref_2061"><a href="#global-environment">global environment</a></emu-xref>, and other associated state and resources.</p>
<p>A <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2062"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref> is represented in this specification as a <dfn id="realm-record">Realm Record</dfn> with the fields specified in <emu-xref href="#table-21" id="_ref_170"><a href="#table-21">Table 20</a></emu-xref>:</p>
<emu-table id="table-21" caption="Realm Record Fields"><figure><figcaption>Table 20: <emu-xref href="#realm-record" id="_ref_2063"><a href="#realm-record">Realm Record</a></emu-xref> Fields</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Field Name
</th>
<th>
Value
</th>
<th>
Meaning
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Intrinsics]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2064"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> whose field names are intrinsic keys and whose values are objects
</td>
<td>
The intrinsic values used by code associated with this <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2065"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[GlobalObject]]
</td>
<td>
Object
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_2066"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> for this <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2067"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[GlobalEnv]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2068"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#global-environment" id="_ref_2069"><a href="#global-environment">global environment</a></emu-xref> for this <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2070"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[TemplateMap]]
</td>
<td>
A <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2071"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2072"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> { [[Site]]: <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2073"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref>, [[Array]]: Object }.
</td>
<td>
<p>Template objects are canonicalized separately for each <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2074"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref> using its <emu-xref href="#realm-record" id="_ref_2075"><a href="#realm-record">Realm Record</a></emu-xref>'s [[TemplateMap]]. Each [[Site]] value is a <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2076"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref> that is a <emu-nt id="_ref_9079"><a href="#prod-TemplateLiteral">TemplateLiteral</a></emu-nt>. The associated [[Array]] value is the corresponding template object that is passed to a tag function.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">Once a <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2077"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref>
becomes unreachable, the corresponding [[Array]] is also unreachable,
and it would be unobservable if an implementation removed the pair from
the [[TemplateMap]] list.</div></emu-note>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[HostDefined]]
</td>
<td>
Any, default value is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</td>
<td>
Field reserved for use by host environments that need to associate additional information with a <emu-xref href="#realm-record" id="_ref_2078"><a href="#realm-record">Realm Record</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<emu-clause id="sec-createrealm" aoid="CreateRealm">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.2.1</span>CreateRealm ( )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation CreateRealm with no arguments performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>realmRec</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#realm-record" id="_ref_2079"><a href="#realm-record">Realm Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="CreateIntrinsics" id="_ref_2080"><a href="#sec-createintrinsics">CreateIntrinsics</a></emu-xref>(<var>realmRec</var>).</li><li>Set <var>realmRec</var>.[[GlobalObject]] to <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li>Set <var>realmRec</var>.[[GlobalEnv]] to <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li>Set <var>realmRec</var>.[[TemplateMap]] to a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2081"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return <var>realmRec</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-createintrinsics" aoid="CreateIntrinsics">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.2.2</span>CreateIntrinsics ( <var>realmRec</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation CreateIntrinsics with argument <var>realmRec</var> performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>intrinsics</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2082"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Set <var>realmRec</var>.[[Intrinsics]] to <var>intrinsics</var>.</li><li>Let <var>objProto</var> be <emu-xref aoid="ObjectCreate" id="_ref_2083"><a href="#sec-objectcreate">ObjectCreate</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>null</emu-val>).</li><li>Set <var>intrinsics</var>.[[<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object" id="_ref_2084"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object">%ObjectPrototype%</a></emu-xref>]] to <var>objProto</var>.</li><li>Let <var>throwerSteps</var> be the algorithm steps specified in <emu-xref href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%" id="_ref_171"><a href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%">9.2.9.1</a></emu-xref> for the <emu-xref href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%" id="_ref_2085"><a href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%">%ThrowTypeError%</a></emu-xref> function.</li><li>Let <var>thrower</var> be <emu-xref aoid="CreateBuiltinFunction" id="_ref_2086"><a href="#sec-createbuiltinfunction">CreateBuiltinFunction</a></emu-xref>(<var>throwerSteps</var>, « », <var>realmRec</var>, <emu-val>null</emu-val>).</li><li>Set <var>intrinsics</var>.[[<emu-xref href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%" id="_ref_2087"><a href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%">%ThrowTypeError%</a></emu-xref>]] to <var>thrower</var>.</li><li>Let <var>noSteps</var> be an empty sequence of algorithm steps.</li><li>Let <var>funcProto</var> be <emu-xref aoid="CreateBuiltinFunction" id="_ref_2088"><a href="#sec-createbuiltinfunction">CreateBuiltinFunction</a></emu-xref>(<var>noSteps</var>, « », <var>realmRec</var>, <var>objProto</var>).</li><li>Set <var>intrinsics</var>.[[<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-function-prototype-object" id="_ref_2089"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-function-prototype-object">%FunctionPrototype%</a></emu-xref>]] to <var>funcProto</var>.</li><li>Call <var>thrower</var>.[[SetPrototypeOf]](<var>funcProto</var>).</li><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="AddRestrictedFunctionProperties" id="_ref_2090"><a href="#sec-addrestrictedfunctionproperties">AddRestrictedFunctionProperties</a></emu-xref>(<var>funcProto</var>, <var>realmRec</var>).</li><li>Set fields of <var>intrinsics</var> with the values listed in <emu-xref href="#table-7" id="_ref_172"><a href="#table-7">Table 7</a></emu-xref>
that have not already been handled above. The field names are the names
listed in column one of the table. The value of each field is a new
object value fully and recursively populated with property values as
defined by the specification of each object in clauses 18-26. All object
property values are newly created object values. All values that are
built-in function objects are created by performing <emu-xref aoid="CreateBuiltinFunction" id="_ref_2091"><a href="#sec-createbuiltinfunction">CreateBuiltinFunction</a></emu-xref>(&lt;steps&gt;, &lt;slots&gt;, <var>realmRec</var>,
&lt;prototype&gt;) where &lt;steps&gt; is the definition of that
function provided by this specification, &lt;slots&gt; is a list of the
names, if any, of the function's specified internal slots, and
&lt;prototype&gt; is the specified value of the function's [[Prototype]]
internal slot. The creation of the intrinsics and their properties must
be ordered to avoid any dependencies upon objects that have not yet
been created.</li><li>Return <var>intrinsics</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-setrealmglobalobject" aoid="SetRealmGlobalObject">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.2.3</span>SetRealmGlobalObject ( <var>realmRec</var>, <var>globalObj</var>, <var>thisValue</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation SetRealmGlobalObject with arguments <var>realmRec</var>, <var>globalObj</var>, and <var>thisValue</var> performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>globalObj</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>intrinsics</var> be <var>realmRec</var>.[[Intrinsics]].</li><li>Set <var>globalObj</var> to <emu-xref aoid="ObjectCreate" id="_ref_2092"><a href="#sec-objectcreate">ObjectCreate</a></emu-xref>(<var>intrinsics</var>.[[<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object" id="_ref_2093"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object">%ObjectPrototype%</a></emu-xref>]]).</li></ol></li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2094"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2095"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>globalObj</var>) is Object.</li><li>If <var>thisValue</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, set <var>thisValue</var> to <var>globalObj</var>.</li><li>Set <var>realmRec</var>.[[GlobalObject]] to <var>globalObj</var>.</li><li>Let <var>newGlobalEnv</var> be <emu-xref aoid="NewGlobalEnvironment" id="_ref_2096"><a href="#sec-newglobalenvironment">NewGlobalEnvironment</a></emu-xref>(<var>globalObj</var>, <var>thisValue</var>).</li><li>Set <var>realmRec</var>.[[GlobalEnv]] to <var>newGlobalEnv</var>.</li><li>Return <var>realmRec</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-setdefaultglobalbindings" aoid="SetDefaultGlobalBindings">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.2.4</span>SetDefaultGlobalBindings ( <var>realmRec</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation SetDefaultGlobalBindings with argument <var>realmRec</var> performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>global</var> be <var>realmRec</var>.[[GlobalObject]].</li><li>For each property of the Global Object specified in clause <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_173"><a href="#sec-global-object">18</a></emu-xref>, do<ol><li>Let <var>name</var> be the String value of the <emu-xref href="#property-name" id="_ref_2097"><a href="#property-name">property name</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>desc</var> be the fully populated <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_2098"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> descriptor for the property containing the specified attributes for the property. For properties listed in <emu-xref href="#sec-function-properties-of-the-global-object" id="_ref_174"><a href="#sec-function-properties-of-the-global-object">18.2</a></emu-xref>, <emu-xref href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object" id="_ref_175"><a href="#sec-constructor-properties-of-the-global-object">18.3</a></emu-xref>, or <emu-xref href="#sec-other-properties-of-the-global-object" id="_ref_176"><a href="#sec-other-properties-of-the-global-object">18.4</a></emu-xref> the value of the [[Value]] attribute is the corresponding intrinsic object from <var>realmRec</var>.</li><li>Perform ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_2099"><a href="#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>global</var>, <var>name</var>, <var>desc</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Return <var>global</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-execution-contexts">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.3</span>Execution Contexts</h1>
<p>An <dfn>execution context</dfn> is a specification device that
is used to track the runtime evaluation of code by an ECMAScript
implementation. At any point in time, there is at most one execution
context per <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2100"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> that is actually executing code. This is known as the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2101"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>'s <dfn id="running-execution-context">running execution context</dfn>. All references to the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2102"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> in this specification denote the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2103"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> of the <emu-xref href="#surrounding-agent" id="_ref_2104"><a href="#surrounding-agent">surrounding agent</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>The <dfn id="execution-context-stack">execution context stack</dfn> is used to track execution contexts. The <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2105"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>
is always the top element of this stack. A new execution context is
created whenever control is transferred from the executable code
associated with the currently <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2106"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>
to executable code that is not associated with that execution context.
The newly created execution context is pushed onto the stack and becomes
the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2107"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>An execution context contains whatever implementation specific
state is necessary to track the execution progress of its associated
code. Each execution context has at least the state components listed in
<emu-xref href="#table-22" id="_ref_177"><a href="#table-22">Table 21</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-22" caption="State Components for All Execution Contexts"><figure><figcaption>Table 21: State Components for All Execution Contexts</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Component
</th>
<th>
Purpose
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
code evaluation state
</td>
<td>
Any state needed to perform, suspend, and resume evaluation of the code associated with this <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2108"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Function
</td>
<td>
If this <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2109"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref> is evaluating the code of a <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2110"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>, then the value of this component is that <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2111"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>. If the context is evaluating the code of a <emu-nt id="_ref_9080"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> or <emu-nt id="_ref_9081"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt>, the value is <emu-val>null</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2112"><a href="#realm">Realm</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#realm-record" id="_ref_2113"><a href="#realm-record">Realm Record</a></emu-xref> from which associated code accesses ECMAScript resources.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
ScriptOrModule
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#sec-abstract-module-records" id="_ref_2114"><a href="#sec-abstract-module-records">Module Record</a></emu-xref> or <emu-xref href="#script-record" id="_ref_2115"><a href="#script-record">Script Record</a></emu-xref> from which associated code originates. If there is no originating script or module, as is the case for the original <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2116"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref> created in <emu-xref aoid="InitializeHostDefinedRealm" id="_ref_2117"><a href="#sec-initializehostdefinedrealm">InitializeHostDefinedRealm</a></emu-xref>, the value is <emu-val>null</emu-val>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>Evaluation of code by the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2118"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> may be suspended at various points defined within this specification. Once the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2119"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> has been suspended a different execution context may become the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2120"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> and commence evaluating its code. At some later time a suspended execution context may again become the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2121"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> and continue evaluating its code at the point where it had previously been suspended. Transition of the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2122"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>
status among execution contexts usually occurs in stack-like
last-in/first-out manner. However, some ECMAScript features require
non-LIFO transitions of the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2123"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>The value of the <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2124"><a href="#realm">Realm</a></emu-xref> component of the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2125"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> is also called <dfn id="current-realm">the current Realm Record</dfn>. The value of the Function component of the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2126"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> is also called the <dfn id="active-function-object">active function object</dfn>.</p>
<p>Execution contexts for ECMAScript code have the additional state components listed in <emu-xref href="#table-23" id="_ref_178"><a href="#table-23">Table 22</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-23" caption="Additional State Components for ECMAScript Code Execution Contexts"><figure><figcaption>Table 22: Additional State Components for ECMAScript Code Execution Contexts</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Component
</th>
<th>
Purpose
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
LexicalEnvironment
</td>
<td>
Identifies the <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2127"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> used to resolve identifier references made by code within this <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2128"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
VariableEnvironment
</td>
<td>
Identifies the <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2129"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> whose <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2130"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref> holds bindings created by <emu-nt id="_ref_9082"><a href="#prod-VariableStatement">VariableStatement</a></emu-nt>s within this <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2131"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>The LexicalEnvironment and VariableEnvironment components of an execution context are always Lexical Environments.</p>
<p>Execution contexts representing the evaluation of generator objects have the additional state components listed in <emu-xref href="#table-24" id="_ref_179"><a href="#table-24">Table 23</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-24" caption="Additional State Components for Generator Execution Contexts"><figure><figcaption>Table 23: Additional State Components for Generator Execution Contexts</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Component
</th>
<th>
Purpose
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Generator
</td>
<td>
The GeneratorObject that this <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2132"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref> is evaluating.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>In most situations only the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2133"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> (the top of the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2134"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref>)
is directly manipulated by algorithms within this specification. Hence
when the terms “LexicalEnvironment”, and “VariableEnvironment” are used
without qualification they are in reference to those components of the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2135"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>An execution context is purely a specification mechanism and need
not correspond to any particular artefact of an ECMAScript
implementation. It is impossible for ECMAScript code to directly access
or observe an execution context.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-getactivescriptormodule" aoid="GetActiveScriptOrModule">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.3.1</span>GetActiveScriptOrModule ( )</h1>
<p>The GetActiveScriptOrModule abstract operation is used to determine the running script or module, based on the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2136"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>. GetActiveScriptOrModule performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2137"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref> is empty, return <emu-val>null</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>ec</var> be the topmost <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2138"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref> on the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2139"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref> whose ScriptOrModule component is not <emu-val>null</emu-val>.</li><li>If no such <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2140"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref> exists, return <emu-val>null</emu-val>. Otherwise, return <var>ec</var>'s ScriptOrModule component.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-resolvebinding" aoid="ResolveBinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.3.2</span>ResolveBinding ( <var>name</var> [ , <var>env</var> ] )</h1>
<p>The ResolveBinding abstract operation is used to determine the binding of <var>name</var> passed as a String value. The optional argument <var>env</var> can be used to explicitly provide the <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2141"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref>
that is to be searched for the binding. During execution of ECMAScript
code, ResolveBinding is performed using the following algorithm:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>env</var> is not present or if <var>env</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Set <var>env</var> to the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2142"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>'s LexicalEnvironment.</li></ol></li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2143"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>env</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2144"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If the code matching the syntactic production that is being evaluated is contained in <emu-xref href="#sec-strict-mode-code" id="_ref_2145"><a href="#sec-strict-mode-code">strict mode code</a></emu-xref>, let <var>strict</var> be <emu-val>true</emu-val>, else let <var>strict</var> be <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetIdentifierReference" id="_ref_2146"><a href="#sec-getidentifierreference">GetIdentifierReference</a></emu-xref>(<var>env</var>, <var>name</var>, <var>strict</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The result of ResolveBinding is always a <emu-xref href="#sec-reference-specification-type" id="_ref_2147"><a href="#sec-reference-specification-type">Reference</a></emu-xref> value with its referenced name component equal to the <var>name</var> argument.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-getthisenvironment" aoid="GetThisEnvironment">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.3.3</span>GetThisEnvironment ( )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation GetThisEnvironment finds the <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2148"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref> that currently supplies the binding of the keyword <code>this</code>. GetThisEnvironment performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>lex</var> be the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2149"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>'s LexicalEnvironment.</li><li>Repeat,<ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be <var>lex</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2150"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>exists</var> be <var>envRec</var>.HasThisBinding().</li><li>If <var>exists</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <var>envRec</var>.</li><li>Let <var>outer</var> be the value of <var>lex</var>'s outer environment reference.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2151"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>outer</var> is not <emu-val>null</emu-val>.</li><li>Set <var>lex</var> to <var>outer</var>.
</li></ol></li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The loop in step 2 will always terminate because the list of environments always ends with the <emu-xref href="#global-environment" id="_ref_2152"><a href="#global-environment">global environment</a></emu-xref> which has a <code>this</code> binding.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-resolvethisbinding" aoid="ResolveThisBinding">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.3.4</span>ResolveThisBinding ( )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ResolveThisBinding determines the binding of the keyword <code>this</code> using the LexicalEnvironment of the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2153"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>. ResolveThisBinding performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be <emu-xref aoid="GetThisEnvironment" id="_ref_2154"><a href="#sec-getthisenvironment">GetThisEnvironment</a></emu-xref>().</li><li>Return ? <var>envRec</var>.GetThisBinding().
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-getnewtarget" aoid="GetNewTarget">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.3.5</span>GetNewTarget ( )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation GetNewTarget determines the NewTarget value using the LexicalEnvironment of the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2155"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>. GetNewTarget performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be <emu-xref aoid="GetThisEnvironment" id="_ref_2156"><a href="#sec-getthisenvironment">GetThisEnvironment</a></emu-xref>().</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2157"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var> has a [[NewTarget]] field.</li><li>Return <var>envRec</var>.[[NewTarget]].
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-getglobalobject" aoid="GetGlobalObject">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.3.6</span>GetGlobalObject ( )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation GetGlobalObject returns the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_2158"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> used by the currently <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2159"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>. GetGlobalObject performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>ctx</var> be the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2160"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>currentRealm</var> be <var>ctx</var>'s <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2161"><a href="#realm">Realm</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return <var>currentRealm</var>.[[GlobalObject]].
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-jobs-and-job-queues">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.4</span>Jobs and Job Queues</h1>
<p>A Job is an abstract operation that initiates an ECMAScript
computation when no other ECMAScript computation is currently in
progress. A Job abstract operation may be defined to accept an arbitrary
set of job parameters.</p>
<p>Execution of a Job can be initiated only when there is no <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2162"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> and the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2163"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref> is empty. A PendingJob is a request for the future execution of a Job. A PendingJob is an internal <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2164"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> whose fields are specified in <emu-xref href="#table-25" id="_ref_180"><a href="#table-25">Table 24</a></emu-xref>.
Once execution of a Job is initiated, the Job always executes to
completion. No other Job may be initiated until the currently running
Job completes. However, the currently running Job or external events may
cause the enqueuing of additional PendingJobs that may be initiated
sometime after completion of the currently running Job.</p>
<emu-table id="table-25" caption="PendingJob Record Fields"><figure><figcaption>Table 24: PendingJob <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2165"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref> Fields</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Field Name
</th>
<th>
Value
</th>
<th>
Meaning
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Job]]
</td>
<td>
The name of a Job abstract operation
</td>
<td>
This is the abstract operation that is performed when execution of this PendingJob is initiated.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Arguments]]
</td>
<td>
A <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2166"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2167"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of argument values that are to be passed to [[Job]] when it is activated.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Realm]]
</td>
<td>
A <emu-xref href="#realm-record" id="_ref_2168"><a href="#realm-record">Realm Record</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#realm-record" id="_ref_2169"><a href="#realm-record">Realm Record</a></emu-xref> for the initial <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2170"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref> when this PendingJob is initiated.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[ScriptOrModule]]
</td>
<td>
A <emu-xref href="#script-record" id="_ref_2171"><a href="#script-record">Script Record</a></emu-xref> or <emu-xref href="#sec-abstract-module-records" id="_ref_2172"><a href="#sec-abstract-module-records">Module Record</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
The script or module for the initial <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2173"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref> when this PendingJob is initiated.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[HostDefined]]
</td>
<td>
Any, default value is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.
</td>
<td>
Field reserved for use by host environments that need to associate additional information with a pending Job.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>A Job Queue is a FIFO queue of PendingJob records. Each Job Queue
has a name and the full set of available Job Queues are defined by an
ECMAScript implementation. Every ECMAScript implementation has at least
the Job Queues defined in <emu-xref href="#table-26" id="_ref_181"><a href="#table-26">Table 25</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>Each <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2174"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>
has its own set of named Job Queues. All references to a named job
queue in this specification denote the named job queue of the <emu-xref href="#surrounding-agent" id="_ref_2175"><a href="#surrounding-agent">surrounding agent</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-26" caption="Required Job Queues"><figure><figcaption>Table 25: Required Job Queues</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Name
</th>
<th>
Purpose
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
ScriptJobs
</td>
<td>
Jobs that validate and evaluate ECMAScript <emu-nt id="_ref_9083"><a href="#prod-Script">Script</a></emu-nt> and <emu-nt id="_ref_9084"><a href="#prod-Module">Module</a></emu-nt> source text. See clauses 10 and 15.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
PromiseJobs
</td>
<td>
Jobs that are responses to the settlement of a Promise (see <emu-xref href="#sec-promise-objects" id="_ref_182"><a href="#sec-promise-objects">25.6</a></emu-xref>).
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>A request for the future execution of a Job is made by
enqueueing, on a Job Queue, a PendingJob record that includes a Job
abstract operation name and any necessary argument values. When there is
no <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2176"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> and the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2177"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref>
is empty, the ECMAScript implementation removes the first PendingJob
from a Job Queue and uses the information contained in it to create an <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2178"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref> and starts execution of the associated Job abstract operation.</p>
<p>The PendingJob records from a single Job Queue are always
initiated in FIFO order. This specification does not define the order in
which multiple Job Queues are serviced. An ECMAScript implementation
may interweave the FIFO evaluation of the PendingJob records of a Job
Queue with the evaluation of the PendingJob records of one or more other
Job Queues. An implementation must define what occurs when there are no
<emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2179"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> and all Job Queues are empty.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Typically an ECMAScript implementation will have its Job Queues
pre-initialized with at least one PendingJob and one of those Jobs will
be the first to be executed. An implementation might choose to free all
resources and terminate if the current Job completes and all Job Queues
are empty. Alternatively, it might choose to wait for a some
implementation specific <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2180"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> or mechanism to enqueue new PendingJob requests.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<p>The following <emu-xref href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations" id="_ref_2181"><a href="#sec-algorithm-conventions-abstract-operations">abstract operations</a></emu-xref> are used to create and manage Jobs and Job Queues:</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-enqueuejob" aoid="EnqueueJob">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.4.1</span>EnqueueJob ( <var>queueName</var>, <var>job</var>, <var>arguments</var> )</h1>
<p>The EnqueueJob abstract operation requires three arguments: <var>queueName</var>, <var>job</var>, and <var>arguments</var>. It performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2182"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2183"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>queueName</var>) is String and its value is the name of a Job Queue recognized by this implementation.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2184"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>job</var> is the name of a Job.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2185"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>arguments</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2186"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> that has the same number of elements as the number of parameters required by <var>job</var>.</li><li>Let <var>callerContext</var> be the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2187"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>callerRealm</var> be <var>callerContext</var>'s <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2188"><a href="#realm">Realm</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>callerScriptOrModule</var> be <var>callerContext</var>'s ScriptOrModule.</li><li>Let <var>pending</var> be PendingJob { [[Job]]: <var>job</var>, [[Arguments]]: <var>arguments</var>, [[Realm]]: <var>callerRealm</var>, [[ScriptOrModule]]: <var>callerScriptOrModule</var>, [[HostDefined]]: <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform any implementation or host environment defined processing of <var>pending</var>. This may include modifying the [[HostDefined]] field or any other field of <var>pending</var>.</li><li>Add <var>pending</var> at the back of the Job Queue named by <var>queueName</var>.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_2189"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-const>empty</emu-const>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-initializehostdefinedrealm" aoid="InitializeHostDefinedRealm">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.5</span>InitializeHostDefinedRealm ( )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation InitializeHostDefinedRealm performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>realm</var> be <emu-xref aoid="CreateRealm" id="_ref_2190"><a href="#sec-createrealm">CreateRealm</a></emu-xref>().</li><li>Let <var>newContext</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2191"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Set the Function of <var>newContext</var> to <emu-val>null</emu-val>.</li><li>Set the <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2192"><a href="#realm">Realm</a></emu-xref> of <var>newContext</var> to <var>realm</var>.</li><li>Set the ScriptOrModule of <var>newContext</var> to <emu-val>null</emu-val>.</li><li>Push <var>newContext</var> onto the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2193"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref>; <var>newContext</var> is now the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2194"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If the host requires use of an <emu-xref href="#exotic-object" id="_ref_2195"><a href="#exotic-object">exotic object</a></emu-xref> to serve as <var>realm</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_2196"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>, let <var>global</var> be such an object created in an implementation-defined manner. Otherwise, let <var>global</var> be <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, indicating that an ordinary object should be created as the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_2197"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If the host requires that the <code>this</code> binding in <var>realm</var>'s global scope return an object other than the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_2198"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>, let <var>thisValue</var> be such an object created in an implementation-defined manner. Otherwise, let <var>thisValue</var> be <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, indicating that <var>realm</var>'s global <code>this</code> binding should be the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_2199"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="SetRealmGlobalObject" id="_ref_2200"><a href="#sec-setrealmglobalobject">SetRealmGlobalObject</a></emu-xref>(<var>realm</var>, <var>global</var>, <var>thisValue</var>).</li><li>Let <var>globalObj</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="SetDefaultGlobalBindings" id="_ref_2201"><a href="#sec-setdefaultglobalbindings">SetDefaultGlobalBindings</a></emu-xref>(<var>realm</var>).</li><li>Create any implementation-defined <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_2202"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref> properties on <var>globalObj</var>.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_2203"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-const>empty</emu-const>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-runjobs" aoid="RunJobs">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.6</span>RunJobs ( )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation RunJobs performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Perform ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="InitializeHostDefinedRealm" id="_ref_2204"><a href="#sec-initializehostdefinedrealm">InitializeHostDefinedRealm</a></emu-xref>().</li><li>In an implementation-dependent manner, obtain the ECMAScript source texts (see clause <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-source-code" id="_ref_183"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-source-code">10</a></emu-xref>) and any associated host-defined values for zero or more ECMAScript scripts and/or ECMAScript modules. For each such <var>sourceText</var> and <var>hostDefined</var>, do<ol><li>If <var>sourceText</var> is the source code of a script, then<ol><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="EnqueueJob" id="_ref_2205"><a href="#sec-enqueuejob">EnqueueJob</a></emu-xref>(<code>"ScriptJobs"</code>, <emu-xref aoid="ScriptEvaluationJob" id="_ref_2206"><a href="#sec-scriptevaluationjob">ScriptEvaluationJob</a></emu-xref>, « <var>sourceText</var>, <var>hostDefined</var> »).</li></ol></li><li>Else <var>sourceText</var> is the source code of a module,<ol><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="EnqueueJob" id="_ref_2207"><a href="#sec-enqueuejob">EnqueueJob</a></emu-xref>(<code>"ScriptJobs"</code>, <emu-xref aoid="TopLevelModuleEvaluationJob" id="_ref_2208"><a href="#sec-toplevelmoduleevaluationjob">TopLevelModuleEvaluationJob</a></emu-xref>, « <var>sourceText</var>, <var>hostDefined</var> »).</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Repeat,<ol><li><emu-xref aoid="Suspend" id="_ref_2209"><a href="#sec-suspend">Suspend</a></emu-xref> the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2210"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> and remove it from the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2211"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2212"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: The <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2213"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref> is now empty.</li><li>Let <var>nextQueue</var>
be a non-empty Job Queue chosen in an implementation-defined manner. If
all Job Queues are empty, the result is implementation-defined.</li><li>Let <var>nextPending</var> be the PendingJob record at the front of <var>nextQueue</var>. Remove that record from <var>nextQueue</var>.</li><li>Let <var>newContext</var> be a new <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2214"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Set <var>newContext</var>'s Function to <emu-val>null</emu-val>.</li><li>Set <var>newContext</var>'s <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2215"><a href="#realm">Realm</a></emu-xref> to <var>nextPending</var>.[[Realm]].</li><li>Set <var>newContext</var>'s ScriptOrModule to <var>nextPending</var>.[[ScriptOrModule]].</li><li>Push <var>newContext</var> onto the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2216"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref>; <var>newContext</var> is now the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2217"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Perform any implementation or host environment defined job initialization using <var>nextPending</var>.</li><li>Let <var>result</var> be the result of performing the abstract operation named by <var>nextPending</var>.[[Job]] using the elements of <var>nextPending</var>.[[Arguments]] as its arguments.</li><li>If <var>result</var> is an <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2218"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">abrupt completion</a></emu-xref>, perform <emu-xref aoid="HostReportErrors" id="_ref_2219"><a href="#sec-host-report-errors">HostReportErrors</a></emu-xref>(« <var>result</var>.[[Value]] »).
</li></ol></li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-agents">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.7</span>Agents</h1>
<p>An <dfn id="agent">agent</dfn> comprises a set of ECMAScript execution contexts, an <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2220"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref>, a <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2221"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>, a set of named job queues, an <dfn id="agent-record">Agent Record</dfn>, and an <dfn id="executing-thread">executing thread</dfn>. Except for the <emu-xref href="#executing-thread" id="_ref_2222"><a href="#executing-thread">executing thread</a></emu-xref>, the constituents of an <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2223"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> belong exclusively to that <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2224"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<p>An <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2225"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>'s <emu-xref href="#executing-thread" id="_ref_2226"><a href="#executing-thread">executing thread</a></emu-xref> executes the jobs in the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2227"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>'s job queues on the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2228"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>'s execution contexts independently of other agents, except that an <emu-xref href="#executing-thread" id="_ref_2229"><a href="#executing-thread">executing thread</a></emu-xref> may be used as the <emu-xref href="#executing-thread" id="_ref_2230"><a href="#executing-thread">executing thread</a></emu-xref> by multiple agents, provided none of the agents sharing the thread have an <emu-xref href="#agent-record" id="_ref_2231"><a href="#agent-record">Agent Record</a></emu-xref> whose [[CanBlock]] property is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 1</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Some web browsers share a single <emu-xref href="#executing-thread" id="_ref_2232"><a href="#executing-thread">executing thread</a></emu-xref> across multiple unrelated tabs of a browser window, for example.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<p>While an <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2233"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>'s <emu-xref href="#executing-thread" id="_ref_2234"><a href="#executing-thread">executing thread</a></emu-xref> executes the jobs in the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2235"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>'s job queues, the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2236"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> is the <dfn id="surrounding-agent">surrounding agent</dfn> for the code in those jobs. The code uses the <emu-xref href="#surrounding-agent" id="_ref_2237"><a href="#surrounding-agent">surrounding agent</a></emu-xref> to access the specification level execution objects held within the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2238"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>: the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2239"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>, the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2240"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref>, the named job queues, and the <emu-xref href="#agent-record" id="_ref_2241"><a href="#agent-record">Agent Record</a></emu-xref>'s fields.</p>
<emu-table id="table-agent-record" caption="Agent Record Fields"><figure><figcaption>Table 26: <emu-xref href="#agent-record" id="_ref_2242"><a href="#agent-record">Agent Record</a></emu-xref> Fields</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Field Name</th>
<th>Value</th>
<th>Meaning</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[LittleEndian]]</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>The default value computed for the <em>isLittleEndian</em> parameter when it is needed by the algorithms <emu-xref aoid="GetValueFromBuffer" id="_ref_2243"><a href="#sec-getvaluefrombuffer">GetValueFromBuffer</a></emu-xref> and <emu-xref aoid="SetValueInBuffer" id="_ref_2244"><a href="#sec-setvalueinbuffer">SetValueInBuffer</a></emu-xref>.
The choice is implementation-dependent and should be the alternative
that is most efficient for the implementation. Once the value has been
observed it cannot change.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[CanBlock]]</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>Determines whether the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2245"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> can block or not.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Signifier]]</td>
<td>Any globally-unique value</td>
<td>Uniquely identifies the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2246"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> within its <emu-xref href="#sec-agent-clusters" id="_ref_2247"><a href="#sec-agent-clusters">agent cluster</a></emu-xref>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[IsLockFree1]]</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td><emu-val>true</emu-val> if atomic operations on one-byte values are lock-free, <emu-val>false</emu-val> otherwise.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[IsLockFree2]]</td>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td><emu-val>true</emu-val> if atomic operations on two-byte values are lock-free, <emu-val>false</emu-val> otherwise.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[CandidateExecution]]</td>
<td>A <emu-xref href="#sec-candidate-executions" id="_ref_2248"><a href="#sec-candidate-executions">candidate execution</a></emu-xref> <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2249"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">Record</a></emu-xref></td>
<td>See the <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model" id="_ref_2250"><a href="#sec-memory-model">memory model</a></emu-xref>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>Once the values of [[Signifier]], [[IsLockFree1]], and [[IsLockFree2]] have been observed by any <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2251"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> in the <emu-xref href="#sec-agent-clusters" id="_ref_2252"><a href="#sec-agent-clusters">agent cluster</a></emu-xref> they cannot change.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 2</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The values of [[IsLockFree1]] and [[IsLockFree2]] are not
necessarily determined by the hardware, but may also reflect
implementation choices that can vary over time and between ECMAScript
implementations.</p>
<p>There is no [[IsLockFree4]] property: 4-byte atomic operations are always lock-free.</p>
<p>In practice, if an atomic operation is implemented with any
type of lock the operation is not lock-free. Lock-free does not imply
wait-free: there is no upper bound on how many machine steps may be
required to complete a lock-free atomic operation.</p>
<p>That an atomic access of size <em>n</em> is lock-free does not imply anything about the (perceived) atomicity of non-atomic accesses of size <em>n</em>, specifically, non-atomic accesses may still be performed as a sequence of several separate memory accesses. See <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model-fundamentals" id="_ref_2253"><a href="#sec-memory-model-fundamentals">ReadSharedMemory</a></emu-xref> and <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model-fundamentals" id="_ref_2254"><a href="#sec-memory-model-fundamentals">WriteSharedMemory</a></emu-xref> for details.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 3</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>An <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2255"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> is a specification mechanism and need not correspond to any particular artefact of an ECMAScript implementation.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-clause id="sec-agentsignifier" aoid="AgentSignifier">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.7.1</span>AgentSignifier ( )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation AgentSignifier takes no arguments. It performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>AR</var> be the <emu-xref href="#agent-record" id="_ref_2256"><a href="#agent-record">Agent Record</a></emu-xref> of the <emu-xref href="#surrounding-agent" id="_ref_2257"><a href="#surrounding-agent">surrounding agent</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return <var>AR</var>.[[Signifier]].
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-agentcansuspend" aoid="AgentCanSuspend">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.7.2</span>AgentCanSuspend ( )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation AgentCanSuspend takes no arguments. It performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>AR</var> be the <emu-xref href="#agent-record" id="_ref_2258"><a href="#agent-record">Agent Record</a></emu-xref> of the <emu-xref href="#surrounding-agent" id="_ref_2259"><a href="#surrounding-agent">surrounding agent</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return <var>AR</var>.[[CanBlock]].
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>In some environments it may not be reasonable for a given <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2260"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>
to suspend. For example, in a web browser environment, it may be
reasonable to disallow suspending a document's main event handling
thread, while still allowing workers' event handling threads to suspend.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-agent-clusters">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.8</span>Agent Clusters</h1>
<p>An <dfn>agent cluster</dfn> is a maximal set of agents that can communicate by operating on shared memory.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 1</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Programs within different agents may share memory by
unspecified means. At a minimum, the backing memory for
SharedArrayBuffer objects can be shared among the agents in the cluster.</p>
<p>There may be agents that can communicate by message passing that cannot share memory; they are never in the same agent cluster.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<p>Every <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2261"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> belongs to exactly one agent cluster.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 2</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The agents in a cluster need not all be alive at some particular point in time. If <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2262"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> <b>A</b> creates another <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2263"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> <b>B</b>, after which <b>A</b> terminates and <b>B</b> creates <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2264"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> <b>C</b>, the three agents are in the same cluster if <b>A</b> could share some memory with <b>B</b> and <b>B</b> could share some memory with <b>C</b>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<p>All agents within a cluster must have the same value for the [[LittleEndian]] property in their respective <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2265"><a href="#agent">Agent</a></emu-xref> Records.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 3</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>If different agents within an agent cluster have different
values of [[LittleEndian]] it becomes hard to use shared memory for
multi-byte data.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<p>All agents within a cluster must have the same values for the [[IsLockFree1]] property in their respective <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2266"><a href="#agent">Agent</a></emu-xref> Records; similarly for the [[IsLockFree2]] property.</p>
<p>All agents within a cluster must have different values for the [[Signifier]] property in their respective <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2267"><a href="#agent">Agent</a></emu-xref> Records.</p>
<p>An embedding may deactivate (stop forward progress) or activate (resume forward progress) an <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2268"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> without the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2269"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>'s
knowledge or cooperation. If the embedding does so, it must not leave
some agents in the cluster active while other agents in the cluster are
deactivated indefinitely.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 4</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The purpose of the preceding restriction is to avoid a situation where an <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2270"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> deadlocks or starves because another <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2271"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>
has been deactivated. For example, if an HTML shared worker that has a
lifetime independent of documents in any windows were allowed to share
memory with the dedicated worker of such an independent document, and
the document and its dedicated worker were to be deactivated while the
dedicated worker holds a lock (say, the document is pushed into its
window's history), and the shared worker then tries to acquire the lock,
then the shared worker will be blocked until the dedicated worker is
activated again, if ever. Meanwhile other workers trying to access the
shared worker from other windows will starve.</p>
<p>The implication of the restriction is that it will not be
possible to share memory between agents that don't belong to the same
suspend/wake collective within the embedding.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<p>An embedding may terminate an <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2272"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> without any of the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2273"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>'s cluster's other agents' prior knowledge or cooperation. If an <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2274"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> is terminated not by programmatic action of its own or of another <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2275"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>
in the cluster but by forces external to the cluster, then the
embedding must choose one of two strategies: Either terminate all the
agents in the cluster, or provide reliable APIs that allow the agents in
the cluster to coordinate so that at least one remaining member of the
cluster will be able to detect the termination, with the termination
data containing enough information to identify the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2276"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> that was terminated.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 5</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>Examples of that type of termination are: operating systems or
users terminating agents that are running in separate processes; the
embedding itself terminating an <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2277"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> that is running in-process with the other agents when per-<emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2278"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> resource accounting indicates that the <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2279"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> is runaway.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<p>Prior to any evaluation of any ECMAScript code by any <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2280"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> in a cluster, the [[CandidateExecution]] field of the <emu-xref href="#agent-record" id="_ref_2281"><a href="#agent-record">Agent Record</a></emu-xref> for all agents in the cluster is set to the initial <emu-xref href="#sec-candidate-executions" id="_ref_2282"><a href="#sec-candidate-executions">candidate execution</a></emu-xref>. The initial <emu-xref href="#sec-candidate-executions" id="_ref_2283"><a href="#sec-candidate-executions">candidate execution</a></emu-xref> is an <emu-xref href="#sec-candidate-executions" id="_ref_2284"><a href="#sec-candidate-executions">empty candidate execution</a></emu-xref> whose [[EventsRecords]] field is a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2285"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> containing, for each <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2286"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>, an <emu-xref href="#sec-agent-event-records" id="_ref_2287"><a href="#sec-agent-event-records">Agent Events Record</a></emu-xref> whose [[AgentSignifier]] field is that <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2288"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref>'s signifier, and whose [[EventList]] and [[AgentSynchronizesWith]] fields are empty Lists.</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 6</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>All agents in an agent cluster share the same <emu-xref href="#sec-candidate-executions" id="_ref_2289"><a href="#sec-candidate-executions">candidate execution</a></emu-xref> in its <emu-xref href="#agent-record" id="_ref_2290"><a href="#agent-record">Agent Record</a></emu-xref>'s [[CandidateExecution]] field. The <emu-xref href="#sec-candidate-executions" id="_ref_2291"><a href="#sec-candidate-executions">candidate execution</a></emu-xref> is a specification mechanism used by the <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model" id="_ref_2292"><a href="#sec-memory-model">memory model</a></emu-xref>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note 7</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>An agent cluster is a specification mechanism and need not
correspond to any particular artefact of an ECMAScript implementation.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-forward-progress">
<h1><span class="secnum">8.9</span>Forward Progress</h1>
<p>For an <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2293"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> to <em>make forward progress</em> is for it to perform an evaluation step according to this specification.</p>
<p>An <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2294"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> becomes <em>blocked</em> when its <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2295"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref> waits synchronously and indefinitely for an external event. Only agents whose <emu-xref href="#agent-record" id="_ref_2296"><a href="#agent-record">Agent Record</a></emu-xref>'s [[CanBlock]] property is <emu-val>true</emu-val> can become blocked in this sense. An <em>unblocked</em> <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2297"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> is one that is not blocked.</p>
<p>Implementations must ensure that:</p>
<ul>
<li>every unblocked <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2298"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> with a dedicated <emu-xref href="#executing-thread" id="_ref_2299"><a href="#executing-thread">executing thread</a></emu-xref> eventually makes forward progress</li>
<li>in a set of agents that share an <emu-xref href="#executing-thread" id="_ref_2300"><a href="#executing-thread">executing thread</a></emu-xref>, one <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2301"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> eventually makes forward progress</li>
<li>an <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2302"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> does not cause another <emu-xref href="#agent" id="_ref_2303"><a href="#agent">agent</a></emu-xref> to become blocked except via explicit APIs that provide blocking.</li>
</ul>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>This, along with the liveness guarantee in the <emu-xref href="#sec-memory-model" id="_ref_2304"><a href="#sec-memory-model">memory model</a></emu-xref>, ensures that all <code>"SeqCst"</code> writes eventually become observable to all agents.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-and-exotic-objects-behaviours">
<h1><span class="secnum">9</span>Ordinary and Exotic Objects Behaviours</h1>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1</span>Ordinary Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots</h1>
<p>All ordinary objects have an internal slot called [[Prototype]]. The value of this internal slot is either <emu-val>null</emu-val>
or an object and is used for implementing inheritance. Data properties
of the [[Prototype]] object are inherited (and visible as properties of
the child object) for the purposes of get access, but not for set
access. Accessor properties are inherited for both get access and set
access.</p>
<p>Every ordinary object has a Boolean-valued [[Extensible]]
internal slot which is used to fulfill the extensibility-related
internal method invariants specified in <emu-xref href="#sec-invariants-of-the-essential-internal-methods" id="_ref_184"><a href="#sec-invariants-of-the-essential-internal-methods">6.1.7.3</a></emu-xref>. Namely, once the value of an object's [[Extensible]] internal slot has been set to <emu-val>false</emu-val>,
it is no longer possible to add properties to the object, to modify the
value of the object's [[Prototype]] internal slot, or to subsequently
change the value of [[Extensible]] to <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</p>
<p>In the following algorithm descriptions, assume <var>O</var> is an ordinary object, <var>P</var> is a property key value, <var>V</var> is any <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_2305"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref>, and <var>Desc</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_2306"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> record.</p>
<p>Each ordinary object internal method delegates to a
similarly-named abstract operation. If such an abstract operation
depends on another internal method, then the internal method is invoked
on <var>O</var> rather than calling the similarly-named abstract
operation directly. These semantics ensure that exotic objects have
their overridden internal methods invoked when ordinary object internal
methods are applied to them.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getprototypeof">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.1</span>[[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )</h1>
<p>When the [[GetPrototypeOf]] internal method of <var>O</var> is called, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryGetPrototypeOf" id="_ref_2307"><a href="#sec-ordinarygetprototypeof">OrdinaryGetPrototypeOf</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinarygetprototypeof" aoid="OrdinaryGetPrototypeOf">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.1.1</span>OrdinaryGetPrototypeOf ( <var>O</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryGetPrototypeOf is called with Object <var>O</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <var>O</var>.[[Prototype]].
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-setprototypeof-v">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.2</span>[[SetPrototypeOf]] ( <var>V</var> )</h1>
<p>When the [[SetPrototypeOf]] internal method of <var>O</var> is called with argument <var>V</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinarySetPrototypeOf" id="_ref_2308"><a href="#sec-ordinarysetprototypeof">OrdinarySetPrototypeOf</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>V</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinarysetprototypeof" aoid="OrdinarySetPrototypeOf">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.2.1</span>OrdinarySetPrototypeOf ( <var>O</var>, <var>V</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinarySetPrototypeOf is called with Object <var>O</var> and value <var>V</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2309"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: Either <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2310"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is Object or <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2311"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>) is Null.</li><li>Let <var>extensible</var> be <var>O</var>.[[Extensible]].</li><li>Let <var>current</var> be <var>O</var>.[[Prototype]].</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_2312"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref>(<var>V</var>, <var>current</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>extensible</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>p</var> be <var>V</var>.</li><li>Let <var>done</var> be <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Repeat, while <var>done</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>,<ol><li>If <var>p</var> is <emu-val>null</emu-val>, set <var>done</var> to <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Else if <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_2313"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref>(<var>p</var>, <var>O</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Else,<ol><li>If <var>p</var>.[[GetPrototypeOf]] is not the ordinary object internal method defined in <emu-xref href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getprototypeof" id="_ref_185"><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getprototypeof">9.1.1</a></emu-xref>, set <var>done</var> to <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Else, set <var>p</var> to <var>p</var>.[[Prototype]].</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Set <var>O</var>.[[Prototype]] to <var>V</var>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>The loop in step 8 guarantees that there will be no
circularities in any prototype chain that only includes objects that use
the ordinary object definitions for [[GetPrototypeOf]] and
[[SetPrototypeOf]].</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-isextensible">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.3</span>[[IsExtensible]] ( )</h1>
<p>When the [[IsExtensible]] internal method of <var>O</var> is called, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryIsExtensible" id="_ref_2314"><a href="#sec-ordinaryisextensible">OrdinaryIsExtensible</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinaryisextensible" aoid="OrdinaryIsExtensible">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.3.1</span>OrdinaryIsExtensible ( <var>O</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryIsExtensible is called with Object <var>O</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <var>O</var>.[[Extensible]].
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-preventextensions">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.4</span>[[PreventExtensions]] ( )</h1>
<p>When the [[PreventExtensions]] internal method of <var>O</var> is called, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryPreventExtensions" id="_ref_2315"><a href="#sec-ordinarypreventextensions">OrdinaryPreventExtensions</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinarypreventextensions" aoid="OrdinaryPreventExtensions">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.4.1</span>OrdinaryPreventExtensions ( <var>O</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryPreventExtensions is called with Object <var>O</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Set <var>O</var>.[[Extensible]] to <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-getownproperty-p">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.5</span>[[GetOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>When the [[GetOwnProperty]] internal method of <var>O</var> is called with property key <var>P</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryGetOwnProperty" id="_ref_2316"><a href="#sec-ordinarygetownproperty">OrdinaryGetOwnProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinarygetownproperty" aoid="OrdinaryGetOwnProperty">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.5.1</span>OrdinaryGetOwnProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryGetOwnProperty is called with Object <var>O</var> and with property key <var>P</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2317"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_2318"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>O</var> does not have an own property with key <var>P</var>, return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>D</var> be a newly created <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_2319"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> with no fields.</li><li>Let <var>X</var> be <var>O</var>'s own property whose key is <var>P</var>.</li><li>If <var>X</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_2320"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref>, then<ol><li>Set <var>D</var>.[[Value]] to the value of <var>X</var>'s [[Value]] attribute.</li><li>Set <var>D</var>.[[Writable]] to the value of <var>X</var>'s [[Writable]] attribute.</li></ol></li><li>Else <var>X</var> is an <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_2321"><a href="#sec-object-type">accessor property</a></emu-xref>,<ol><li>Set <var>D</var>.[[Get]] to the value of <var>X</var>'s [[Get]] attribute.</li><li>Set <var>D</var>.[[Set]] to the value of <var>X</var>'s [[Set]] attribute.</li></ol></li><li>Set <var>D</var>.[[Enumerable]] to the value of <var>X</var>'s [[Enumerable]] attribute.</li><li>Set <var>D</var>.[[Configurable]] to the value of <var>X</var>'s [[Configurable]] attribute.</li><li>Return <var>D</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-defineownproperty-p-desc">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.6</span>[[DefineOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</h1>
<p>When the [[DefineOwnProperty]] internal method of <var>O</var> is called with property key <var>P</var> and <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_2322"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> <var>Desc</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryDefineOwnProperty" id="_ref_2323"><a href="#sec-ordinarydefineownproperty">OrdinaryDefineOwnProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinarydefineownproperty" aoid="OrdinaryDefineOwnProperty">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.6.1</span>OrdinaryDefineOwnProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryDefineOwnProperty is called with Object <var>O</var>, property key <var>P</var>, and <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_2324"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> <var>Desc</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>current</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>P</var>).</li><li>Let <var>extensible</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IsExtensible" id="_ref_2325"><a href="#sec-isextensible-o">IsExtensible</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>).</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="ValidateAndApplyPropertyDescriptor" id="_ref_2326"><a href="#sec-validateandapplypropertydescriptor">ValidateAndApplyPropertyDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>extensible</var>, <var>Desc</var>, <var>current</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-iscompatiblepropertydescriptor" aoid="IsCompatiblePropertyDescriptor">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.6.2</span>IsCompatiblePropertyDescriptor ( <var>Extensible</var>, <var>Desc</var>, <var>Current</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation IsCompatiblePropertyDescriptor is called with Boolean value <var>Extensible</var>, and Property Descriptors <var>Desc</var>, and <var>Current</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="ValidateAndApplyPropertyDescriptor" id="_ref_2327"><a href="#sec-validateandapplypropertydescriptor">ValidateAndApplyPropertyDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, <var>Extensible</var>, <var>Desc</var>, <var>Current</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-validateandapplypropertydescriptor" aoid="ValidateAndApplyPropertyDescriptor">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.6.3</span>ValidateAndApplyPropertyDescriptor ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>extensible</var>, <var>Desc</var>, <var>current</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation ValidateAndApplyPropertyDescriptor is called with Object <var>O</var>, property key <var>P</var>, Boolean value <var>extensible</var>, and Property Descriptors <var>Desc</var>, and <var>current</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>If <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> is passed as <var>O</var>, only validation is performed and no object updates are performed.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2328"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: If <var>O</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_2329"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>current</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>extensible</var> is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2330"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>extensible</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsGenericDescriptor" id="_ref_2331"><a href="#sec-isgenericdescriptor">IsGenericDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val> or <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_2332"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>O</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, create an own <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_2333"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> named <var>P</var> of object <var>O</var> whose [[Value]], [[Writable]], [[Enumerable]] and [[Configurable]] attribute values are described by <var>Desc</var>. If the value of an attribute field of <var>Desc</var> is absent, the attribute of the newly created property is set to its default value.</li></ol></li><li>Else <var>Desc</var> must be an accessor <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_2334"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref>,<ol><li>If <var>O</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, create an own <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_2335"><a href="#sec-object-type">accessor property</a></emu-xref> named <var>P</var> of object <var>O</var> whose [[Get]], [[Set]], [[Enumerable]] and [[Configurable]] attribute values are described by <var>Desc</var>. If the value of an attribute field of <var>Desc</var> is absent, the attribute of the newly created property is set to its default value.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li></ol></li><li>If every field in <var>Desc</var> is absent, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>current</var>.[[Configurable]] is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>Desc</var>.[[Configurable]] is present and its value is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>Desc</var>.[[Enumerable]] is present and the [[Enumerable]] fields of <var>current</var> and <var>Desc</var> are the Boolean negation of each other, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li></ol></li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsGenericDescriptor" id="_ref_2336"><a href="#sec-isgenericdescriptor">IsGenericDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, no further validation is required.</li><li>Else if <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_2337"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>current</var>) and <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_2338"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>) have different results, then<ol><li>If <var>current</var>.[[Configurable]] is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_2339"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>current</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>O</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, convert the property named <var>P</var> of object <var>O</var> from a <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_2340"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref> to an <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_2341"><a href="#sec-object-type">accessor property</a></emu-xref>.
Preserve the existing values of the converted property's
[[Configurable]] and [[Enumerable]] attributes and set the rest of the
property's attributes to their default values.</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>If <var>O</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, convert the property named <var>P</var> of object <var>O</var> from an <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_2342"><a href="#sec-object-type">accessor property</a></emu-xref> to a <emu-xref href="#sec-object-type" id="_ref_2343"><a href="#sec-object-type">data property</a></emu-xref>.
Preserve the existing values of the converted property's
[[Configurable]] and [[Enumerable]] attributes and set the rest of the
property's attributes to their default values.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Else if <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_2344"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>current</var>) and <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_2345"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>) are both <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>current</var>.[[Configurable]] is <emu-val>false</emu-val> and <var>current</var>.[[Writable]] is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>Desc</var>.[[Writable]] is present and <var>Desc</var>.[[Writable]] is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>Desc</var>.[[Value]] is present and <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_2346"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>.[[Value]], <var>current</var>.[[Value]]) is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Else <emu-xref aoid="IsAccessorDescriptor" id="_ref_2347"><a href="#sec-isaccessordescriptor">IsAccessorDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>current</var>) and <emu-xref aoid="IsAccessorDescriptor" id="_ref_2348"><a href="#sec-isaccessordescriptor">IsAccessorDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>) are both <emu-val>true</emu-val>,<ol><li>If <var>current</var>.[[Configurable]] is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>Desc</var>.[[Set]] is present and <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_2349"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>.[[Set]], <var>current</var>.[[Set]]) is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>Desc</var>.[[Get]] is present and <emu-xref aoid="SameValue" id="_ref_2350"><a href="#sec-samevalue">SameValue</a></emu-xref>(<var>Desc</var>.[[Get]], <var>current</var>.[[Get]]) is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>If <var>O</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>For each field of <var>Desc</var> that is present, set the corresponding attribute of the property named <var>P</var> of object <var>O</var> to the value of the field.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-hasproperty-p">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.7</span>[[HasProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>When the [[HasProperty]] internal method of <var>O</var> is called with property key <var>P</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryHasProperty" id="_ref_2351"><a href="#sec-ordinaryhasproperty">OrdinaryHasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinaryhasproperty" aoid="OrdinaryHasProperty">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.7.1</span>OrdinaryHasProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryHasProperty is called with Object <var>O</var> and with property key <var>P</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2352"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_2353"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>hasOwn</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>P</var>).</li><li>If <var>hasOwn</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>parent</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetPrototypeOf]]().</li><li>If <var>parent</var> is not <emu-val>null</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Return ? <var>parent</var>.[[HasProperty]](<var>P</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-get-p-receiver">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.8</span>[[Get]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</h1>
<p>When the [[Get]] internal method of <var>O</var> is called with property key <var>P</var> and <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_2354"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref> <var>Receiver</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryGet" id="_ref_2355"><a href="#sec-ordinaryget">OrdinaryGet</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinaryget" aoid="OrdinaryGet">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.8.1</span>OrdinaryGet ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryGet is called with Object <var>O</var>, property key <var>P</var>, and <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_2356"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref> <var>Receiver</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2357"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_2358"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>desc</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>P</var>).</li><li>If <var>desc</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>parent</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetPrototypeOf]]().</li><li>If <var>parent</var> is <emu-val>null</emu-val>, return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li>Return ? <var>parent</var>.[[Get]](<var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var>).</li></ol></li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_2359"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>desc</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <var>desc</var>.[[Value]].</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2360"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsAccessorDescriptor" id="_ref_2361"><a href="#sec-isaccessordescriptor">IsAccessorDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>desc</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>getter</var> be <var>desc</var>.[[Get]].</li><li>If <var>getter</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Call" id="_ref_2362"><a href="#sec-call">Call</a></emu-xref>(<var>getter</var>, <var>Receiver</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-set-p-v-receiver">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.9</span>[[Set]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</h1>
<p>When the [[Set]] internal method of <var>O</var> is called with property key <var>P</var>, value <var>V</var>, and <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_2363"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref> <var>Receiver</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinarySet" id="_ref_2364"><a href="#sec-ordinaryset">OrdinarySet</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinaryset" aoid="OrdinarySet">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.9.1</span>OrdinarySet ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinarySet is called with Object <var>O</var>, property key <var>P</var>, value <var>V</var>, and <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_2365"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref> <var>Receiver</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2366"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_2367"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>ownDesc</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>P</var>).</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor" id="_ref_2368"><a href="#sec-ordinarysetwithowndescriptor">OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var>, <var>ownDesc</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinarysetwithowndescriptor" aoid="OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.9.2</span>OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var>, <var>ownDesc</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor is called with Object <var>O</var>, property key <var>P</var>, value <var>V</var>, <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_2369"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref> <var>Receiver</var>, and <emu-xref href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type" id="_ref_2370"><a href="#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type">Property Descriptor</a></emu-xref> (or <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>) <var>ownDesc</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2371"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_2372"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>ownDesc</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>parent</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetPrototypeOf]]().</li><li>If <var>parent</var> is not <emu-val>null</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Return ? <var>parent</var>.[[Set]](<var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>Set <var>ownDesc</var> to the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsDataDescriptor" id="_ref_2373"><a href="#sec-isdatadescriptor">IsDataDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>ownDesc</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <var>ownDesc</var>.[[Writable]] is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2374"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>Receiver</var>) is not Object, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>existingDescriptor</var> be ? <var>Receiver</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>P</var>).</li><li>If <var>existingDescriptor</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="IsAccessorDescriptor" id="_ref_2375"><a href="#sec-isaccessordescriptor">IsAccessorDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>existingDescriptor</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>existingDescriptor</var>.[[Writable]] is <emu-val>false</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>valueDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>V</var> }.</li><li>Return ? <var>Receiver</var>.[[DefineOwnProperty]](<var>P</var>, <var>valueDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li>Else <var>Receiver</var> does not currently have a property <var>P</var>,<ol><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateDataProperty" id="_ref_2376"><a href="#sec-createdataproperty">CreateDataProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>Receiver</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>).</li></ol></li></ol></li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2377"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsAccessorDescriptor" id="_ref_2378"><a href="#sec-isaccessordescriptor">IsAccessorDescriptor</a></emu-xref>(<var>ownDesc</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>setter</var> be <var>ownDesc</var>.[[Set]].</li><li>If <var>setter</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>Perform ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Call" id="_ref_2379"><a href="#sec-call">Call</a></emu-xref>(<var>setter</var>, <var>Receiver</var>, « <var>V</var> »).</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-delete-p">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.10</span>[[Delete]] ( <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>When the [[Delete]] internal method of <var>O</var> is called with property key <var>P</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryDelete" id="_ref_2380"><a href="#sec-ordinarydelete">OrdinaryDelete</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinarydelete" aoid="OrdinaryDelete">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.10.1</span>OrdinaryDelete ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryDelete is called with Object <var>O</var> and property key <var>P</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2381"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_2382"><a href="#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>desc</var> be ? <var>O</var>.[[GetOwnProperty]](<var>P</var>).</li><li>If <var>desc</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>desc</var>.[[Configurable]] is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Remove the own property with name <var>P</var> from <var>O</var>.</li><li>Return <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <emu-val>false</emu-val>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-ownpropertykeys">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.11</span>[[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )</h1>
<p>When the [[OwnPropertyKeys]] internal method of <var>O</var> is called, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryOwnPropertyKeys" id="_ref_2383"><a href="#sec-ordinaryownpropertykeys">OrdinaryOwnPropertyKeys</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinaryownpropertykeys" aoid="OrdinaryOwnPropertyKeys">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.11.1</span>OrdinaryOwnPropertyKeys ( <var>O</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryOwnPropertyKeys is called with Object <var>O</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>keys</var> be a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2384"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>For each own property key <var>P</var> of <var>O</var> that is an <emu-xref href="#array-index" id="_ref_2385"><a href="#array-index">array index</a></emu-xref>, in ascending numeric index order, do<ol><li>Add <var>P</var> as the last element of <var>keys</var>.</li></ol></li><li>For each own property key <var>P</var> of <var>O</var> that is a String but is not an <emu-xref href="#array-index" id="_ref_2386"><a href="#array-index">array index</a></emu-xref>, in ascending chronological order of property creation, do<ol><li>Add <var>P</var> as the last element of <var>keys</var>.</li></ol></li><li>For each own property key <var>P</var> of <var>O</var> that is a Symbol, in ascending chronological order of property creation, do<ol><li>Add <var>P</var> as the last element of <var>keys</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <var>keys</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-objectcreate" aoid="ObjectCreate">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.12</span>ObjectCreate ( <var>proto</var> [ , <var>internalSlotsList</var> ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation ObjectCreate with argument <var>proto</var> (an object or null) is used to specify the runtime creation of new ordinary objects. The optional argument <var>internalSlotsList</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2387"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of the names of additional internal slots that must be defined as part of the object. If the list is not provided, a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2388"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> is used. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>internalSlotsList</var> is not present, set <var>internalSlotsList</var> to a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2389"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>obj</var> be a newly created object with an internal slot for each name in <var>internalSlotsList</var>.</li><li>Set <var>obj</var>'s essential internal methods to the default ordinary object definitions specified in <emu-xref href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots" id="_ref_186"><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots">9.1</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Set <var>obj</var>.[[Prototype]] to <var>proto</var>.</li><li>Set <var>obj</var>.[[Extensible]] to <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Return <var>obj</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor" aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.13</span>OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor ( <var>constructor</var>, <var>intrinsicDefaultProto</var> [ , <var>internalSlotsList</var> ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor creates an ordinary object whose [[Prototype]] value is retrieved from a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_2390"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>'s <code>prototype</code> property, if it exists. Otherwise the intrinsic named by <var>intrinsicDefaultProto</var> is used for [[Prototype]]. The optional <var>internalSlotsList</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2391"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of the names of additional internal slots that must be defined as part of the object. If the list is not provided, a new empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2392"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> is used. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2393"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>intrinsicDefaultProto</var>
is a String value that is this specification's name of an intrinsic
object. The corresponding object must be an intrinsic that is intended
to be used as the [[Prototype]] value of an object.</li><li>Let <var>proto</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetPrototypeFromConstructor" id="_ref_2394"><a href="#sec-getprototypefromconstructor">GetPrototypeFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>constructor</var>, <var>intrinsicDefaultProto</var>).</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="ObjectCreate" id="_ref_2395"><a href="#sec-objectcreate">ObjectCreate</a></emu-xref>(<var>proto</var>, <var>internalSlotsList</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-getprototypefromconstructor" aoid="GetPrototypeFromConstructor">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.1.14</span>GetPrototypeFromConstructor ( <var>constructor</var>, <var>intrinsicDefaultProto</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation GetPrototypeFromConstructor determines
the [[Prototype]] value that should be used to create an object
corresponding to a specific <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_2396"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>. The value is retrieved from the <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_2397"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref>'s <code>prototype</code> property, if it exists. Otherwise the intrinsic named by <var>intrinsicDefaultProto</var> is used for [[Prototype]]. This abstract operation performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2398"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>intrinsicDefaultProto</var>
is a String value that is this specification's name of an intrinsic
object. The corresponding object must be an intrinsic that is intended
to be used as the [[Prototype]] value of an object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2399"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsCallable" id="_ref_2400"><a href="#sec-iscallable">IsCallable</a></emu-xref>(<var>constructor</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Let <var>proto</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_2401"><a href="#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>constructor</var>, <code>"prototype"</code>).</li><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2402"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>proto</var>) is not Object, then<ol><li>Let <var>realm</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="GetFunctionRealm" id="_ref_2403"><a href="#sec-getfunctionrealm">GetFunctionRealm</a></emu-xref>(<var>constructor</var>).</li><li>Set <var>proto</var> to <var>realm</var>'s intrinsic object named <var>intrinsicDefaultProto</var>.</li></ol></li><li>Return <var>proto</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>If <var>constructor</var> does not supply a [[Prototype]] value, the default value that is used is obtained from the <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2404"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref> of the <var>constructor</var> function rather than from the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2405"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</p>
</div></emu-note>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-function-objects">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2</span>ECMAScript Function Objects</h1>
<p>ECMAScript function objects encapsulate parameterized ECMAScript
code closed over a lexical environment and support the dynamic
evaluation of that code. An ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2406"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>
is an ordinary object and has the same internal slots and the same
internal methods as other ordinary objects. The code of an ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2407"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> may be either <emu-xref href="#sec-strict-mode-code" id="_ref_2408"><a href="#sec-strict-mode-code">strict mode code</a></emu-xref> (<emu-xref href="#sec-strict-mode-code" id="_ref_187"><a href="#sec-strict-mode-code">10.2.1</a></emu-xref>) or <emu-xref href="#non-strict-code" id="_ref_2409"><a href="#non-strict-code">non-strict code</a></emu-xref>. An ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2410"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> whose code is <emu-xref href="#sec-strict-mode-code" id="_ref_2411"><a href="#sec-strict-mode-code">strict mode code</a></emu-xref> is called a <dfn id="strict-function">strict function</dfn>. One whose code is not <emu-xref href="#sec-strict-mode-code" id="_ref_2412"><a href="#sec-strict-mode-code">strict mode code</a></emu-xref> is called a <dfn id="non-strict-function">non-strict function</dfn>.</p>
<p>ECMAScript function objects have the additional internal slots listed in <emu-xref href="#table-27" id="_ref_188"><a href="#table-27">Table 27</a></emu-xref>.</p>
<emu-table id="table-27" caption="Internal Slots of ECMAScript Function Objects"><figure><figcaption>Table 27: Internal Slots of ECMAScript Function Objects</figcaption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Internal Slot
</th>
<th>
Type
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Environment]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2413"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2414"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> that the function was closed over. Used as the outer environment when evaluating the code of the function.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[FormalParameters]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2415"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
The root parse node of the source text that defines the function's formal parameter list.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[FunctionKind]]
</td>
<td>
String
</td>
<td>
Either <code>"normal"</code>, <code>"classConstructor"</code>, <code>"generator"</code>, <code>"async"</code>, or <code>"async generator"</code>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[ECMAScriptCode]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2416"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
The root parse node of the source text that defines the function's body.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[ConstructorKind]]
</td>
<td>
String
</td>
<td>
Either <code>"base"</code> or <code>"derived"</code>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Realm]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#realm-record" id="_ref_2417"><a href="#realm-record">Realm Record</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2418"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref> in which the function was created and which provides any intrinsic objects that are accessed when evaluating the function.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[ScriptOrModule]]
</td>
<td>
<emu-xref href="#script-record" id="_ref_2419"><a href="#script-record">Script Record</a></emu-xref> or <emu-xref href="#sec-abstract-module-records" id="_ref_2420"><a href="#sec-abstract-module-records">Module Record</a></emu-xref>
</td>
<td>
The script or module in which the function was created.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[ThisMode]]
</td>
<td>
(lexical, strict, global)
</td>
<td>
Defines how <code>this</code> references are interpreted within the formal parameters and code body of the function. <emu-const>lexical</emu-const> means that <code>this</code> refers to the <emu-val>this</emu-val> value of a lexically enclosing function. <emu-const>strict</emu-const> means that the <emu-val>this</emu-val> value is used exactly as provided by an invocation of the function. <emu-const>global</emu-const> means that a <emu-val>this</emu-val> value of <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> is interpreted as a reference to the <emu-xref href="#sec-global-object" id="_ref_2421"><a href="#sec-global-object">global object</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[Strict]]
</td>
<td>
Boolean
</td>
<td>
<emu-val>true</emu-val> if this is a <emu-xref href="#strict-function" id="_ref_2422"><a href="#strict-function">strict function</a></emu-xref>, <emu-val>false</emu-val> if this is a <emu-xref href="#non-strict-function" id="_ref_2423"><a href="#non-strict-function">non-strict function</a></emu-xref>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[HomeObject]]
</td>
<td>
Object
</td>
<td>
If the function uses <code>super</code>, this is the object whose [[GetPrototypeOf]] provides the object where <code>super</code> property lookups begin.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
[[SourceText]]
</td>
<td>
String
</td>
<td>
The <emu-xref href="#sec-source-text" id="_ref_189"><a href="#sec-source-text">source text</a></emu-xref> that defines the function.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure></emu-table>
<p>All ECMAScript function objects have the [[Call]] internal method
defined here. ECMAScript functions that are also constructors in
addition have the [[Construct]] internal method.</p>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-function-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.1</span>[[Call]] ( <var>thisArgument</var>, <var>argumentsList</var> )</h1>
<p>The [[Call]] internal method for an ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2424"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> <var>F</var> is called with parameters <var>thisArgument</var> and <var>argumentsList</var>, a <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2425"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of ECMAScript language values. The following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2426"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>F</var> is an ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2427"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If <var>F</var>.[[FunctionKind]] is <code>"classConstructor"</code>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li><li>Let <var>callerContext</var> be the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2428"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>calleeContext</var> be <emu-xref aoid="PrepareForOrdinaryCall" id="_ref_2429"><a href="#sec-prepareforordinarycall">PrepareForOrdinaryCall</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2430"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>calleeContext</var> is now the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2431"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Perform <emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCallBindThis" id="_ref_2432"><a href="#sec-ordinarycallbindthis">OrdinaryCallBindThis</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <var>calleeContext</var>, <var>thisArgument</var>).</li><li>Let <var>result</var> be <emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCallEvaluateBody" id="_ref_2433"><a href="#sec-ordinarycallevaluatebody">OrdinaryCallEvaluateBody</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <var>argumentsList</var>).</li><li>Remove <var>calleeContext</var> from the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2434"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref> and restore <var>callerContext</var> as the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2435"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If <var>result</var>.[[Type]] is <emu-const>return</emu-const>, return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_2436"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<var>result</var>.[[Value]]).</li><li><emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_2437"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(<var>result</var>).</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_2438"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-note><span class="note">Note</span><div class="note-contents">
<p>When <var>calleeContext</var> is removed from the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2439"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref> in step 8 it must not be destroyed if it is suspended and retained for later resumption by an accessible generator object.</p>
</div></emu-note>
<emu-clause id="sec-prepareforordinarycall" aoid="PrepareForOrdinaryCall">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.1.1</span>PrepareForOrdinaryCall ( <var>F</var>, <var>newTarget</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation PrepareForOrdinaryCall is called with <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2440"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> <var>F</var> and <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types" id="_ref_2441"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref> <var>newTarget</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2442"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2443"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>) is Undefined or Object.</li><li>Let <var>callerContext</var> be the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2444"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>calleeContext</var> be a new ECMAScript code <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2445"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Set the Function of <var>calleeContext</var> to <var>F</var>.</li><li>Let <var>calleeRealm</var> be <var>F</var>.[[Realm]].</li><li>Set the <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2446"><a href="#realm">Realm</a></emu-xref> of <var>calleeContext</var> to <var>calleeRealm</var>.</li><li>Set the ScriptOrModule of <var>calleeContext</var> to <var>F</var>.[[ScriptOrModule]].</li><li>Let <var>localEnv</var> be <emu-xref aoid="NewFunctionEnvironment" id="_ref_2447"><a href="#sec-newfunctionenvironment">NewFunctionEnvironment</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <var>newTarget</var>).</li><li>Set the LexicalEnvironment of <var>calleeContext</var> to <var>localEnv</var>.</li><li>Set the VariableEnvironment of <var>calleeContext</var> to <var>localEnv</var>.</li><li>If <var>callerContext</var> is not already suspended, suspend <var>callerContext</var>.</li><li>Push <var>calleeContext</var> onto the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2448"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref>; <var>calleeContext</var> is now the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2449"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>NOTE: Any exception objects produced after this point are associated with <var>calleeRealm</var>.</li><li>Return <var>calleeContext</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinarycallbindthis" aoid="OrdinaryCallBindThis">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.1.2</span>OrdinaryCallBindThis ( <var>F</var>, <var>calleeContext</var>, <var>thisArgument</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryCallBindThis is called with <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2450"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> <var>F</var>, <emu-xref href="#sec-execution-contexts" id="_ref_2451"><a href="#sec-execution-contexts">execution context</a></emu-xref> <var>calleeContext</var>, and ECMAScript value <var>thisArgument</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>thisMode</var> be <var>F</var>.[[ThisMode]].</li><li>If <var>thisMode</var> is <emu-const>lexical</emu-const>, return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_2452"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).</li><li>Let <var>calleeRealm</var> be <var>F</var>.[[Realm]].</li><li>Let <var>localEnv</var> be the LexicalEnvironment of <var>calleeContext</var>.</li><li>If <var>thisMode</var> is <emu-const>strict</emu-const>, let <var>thisValue</var> be <var>thisArgument</var>.</li><li>Else,<ol><li>If <var>thisArgument</var> is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val> or <emu-val>null</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>globalEnv</var> be <var>calleeRealm</var>.[[GlobalEnv]].</li><li>Let <var>globalEnvRec</var> be <var>globalEnv</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2453"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2454"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>globalEnvRec</var> is a global <emu-xref href="#sec-environment-records" id="_ref_2455"><a href="#sec-environment-records">Environment Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>thisValue</var> be <var>globalEnvRec</var>.[[GlobalThisValue]].</li></ol></li><li>Else,<ol><li>Let <var>thisValue</var> be !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToObject" id="_ref_2456"><a href="#sec-toobject">ToObject</a></emu-xref>(<var>thisArgument</var>).</li><li>NOTE: <emu-xref aoid="ToObject" id="_ref_2457"><a href="#sec-toobject">ToObject</a></emu-xref> produces wrapper objects using <var>calleeRealm</var>.</li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be <var>localEnv</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2458"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2459"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>envRec</var> is a <emu-xref href="#sec-function-environment-records" id="_ref_2460"><a href="#sec-function-environment-records">function Environment Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2461"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: The next step never returns an <emu-xref href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2462"><a href="#sec-completion-record-specification-type">abrupt completion</a></emu-xref> because <var>envRec</var>.[[ThisBindingStatus]] is not <code>"initialized"</code>.</li><li>Return <var>envRec</var>.BindThisValue(<var>thisValue</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ordinarycallevaluatebody" aoid="OrdinaryCallEvaluateBody">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.1.3</span>OrdinaryCallEvaluateBody ( <var>F</var>, <var>argumentsList</var> )</h1>
<p>When the abstract operation OrdinaryCallEvaluateBody is called with <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2463"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> <var>F</var> and <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2464"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> <var>argumentsList</var>, the following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Return the result of EvaluateBody of the parsed code that is <var>F</var>.[[ECMAScriptCode]] passing <var>F</var> and <var>argumentsList</var> as the arguments.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-ecmascript-function-objects-construct-argumentslist-newtarget">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.2</span>[[Construct]] ( <var>argumentsList</var>, <var>newTarget</var> )</h1>
<p>The [[Construct]] internal method for an ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2465"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> <var>F</var> is called with parameters <var>argumentsList</var> and <var>newTarget</var>. <var>argumentsList</var> is a possibly empty <emu-xref href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type" id="_ref_2466"><a href="#sec-list-and-record-specification-type">List</a></emu-xref> of ECMAScript language values. The following steps are taken:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2467"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>F</var> is an ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2468"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2469"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2470"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>) is Object.</li><li>Let <var>callerContext</var> be the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2471"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>kind</var> be <var>F</var>.[[ConstructorKind]].</li><li>If <var>kind</var> is <code>"base"</code>, then<ol><li>Let <var>thisArgument</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_2472"><a href="#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%ObjectPrototype%"</code>).</li></ol></li><li>Let <var>calleeContext</var> be <emu-xref aoid="PrepareForOrdinaryCall" id="_ref_2473"><a href="#sec-prepareforordinarycall">PrepareForOrdinaryCall</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <var>newTarget</var>).</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2474"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>calleeContext</var> is now the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2475"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If <var>kind</var> is <code>"base"</code>, perform <emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCallBindThis" id="_ref_2476"><a href="#sec-ordinarycallbindthis">OrdinaryCallBindThis</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <var>calleeContext</var>, <var>thisArgument</var>).</li><li>Let <var>constructorEnv</var> be the LexicalEnvironment of <var>calleeContext</var>.</li><li>Let <var>envRec</var> be <var>constructorEnv</var>'s <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2477"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">EnvironmentRecord</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>result</var> be <emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCallEvaluateBody" id="_ref_2478"><a href="#sec-ordinarycallevaluatebody">OrdinaryCallEvaluateBody</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <var>argumentsList</var>).</li><li>Remove <var>calleeContext</var> from the <emu-xref href="#execution-context-stack" id="_ref_2479"><a href="#execution-context-stack">execution context stack</a></emu-xref> and restore <var>callerContext</var> as the <emu-xref href="#running-execution-context" id="_ref_2480"><a href="#running-execution-context">running execution context</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If <var>result</var>.[[Type]] is <emu-const>return</emu-const>, then<ol><li>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2481"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>result</var>.[[Value]]) is Object, return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_2482"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<var>result</var>.[[Value]]).</li><li>If <var>kind</var> is <code>"base"</code>, return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_2483"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<var>thisArgument</var>).</li><li>If <var>result</var>.[[Value]] is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.</li></ol></li><li>Else, <emu-xref aoid="ReturnIfAbrupt" id="_ref_2484"><a href="#sec-returnifabrupt">ReturnIfAbrupt</a></emu-xref>(<var>result</var>).</li><li>Return ? <var>envRec</var>.GetThisBinding().
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-functionallocate" aoid="FunctionAllocate">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.3</span>FunctionAllocate ( <var>functionPrototype</var>, <var>strict</var>, <var>functionKind</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation FunctionAllocate requires the three arguments <var>functionPrototype</var>, <var>strict</var> and <var>functionKind</var>. FunctionAllocate performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2485"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2486"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>functionPrototype</var>) is Object.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2487"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>functionKind</var> is either <code>"normal"</code>, <code>"non-constructor"</code>, <code>"generator"</code>, <code>"async"</code>, or <code>"async generator"</code>.</li><li>If <var>functionKind</var> is <code>"normal"</code>, let <var>needsConstruct</var> be <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Else, let <var>needsConstruct</var> be <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>functionKind</var> is <code>"non-constructor"</code>, set <var>functionKind</var> to <code>"normal"</code>.</li><li>Let <var>F</var> be a newly created ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2488"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> with the internal slots listed in <emu-xref href="#table-27" id="_ref_190"><a href="#table-27">Table 27</a></emu-xref>. All of those internal slots are initialized to <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>'s essential internal methods to the default ordinary object definitions specified in <emu-xref href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots" id="_ref_191"><a href="#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots">9.1</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[Call]] to the definition specified in <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist" id="_ref_192"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist">9.2.1</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>If <var>needsConstruct</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[Construct]] to the definition specified in <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-construct-argumentslist-newtarget" id="_ref_193"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-construct-argumentslist-newtarget">9.2.2</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[ConstructorKind]] to <code>"base"</code>.</li></ol></li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[Strict]] to <var>strict</var>.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[FunctionKind]] to <var>functionKind</var>.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[Prototype]] to <var>functionPrototype</var>.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[Extensible]] to <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[Realm]] to <emu-xref href="#current-realm" id="_ref_2489"><a href="#current-realm">the current Realm Record</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Return <var>F</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-functioninitialize" aoid="FunctionInitialize">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.4</span>FunctionInitialize ( <var>F</var>, <var>kind</var>, <var>ParameterList</var>, <var>Body</var>, <var>Scope</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation FunctionInitialize requires the arguments: a <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2490"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> <var>F</var>, <var>kind</var> which is one of (Normal, Method, Arrow), a parameter list <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2491"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>ParameterList</var>, a body <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2492"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>Body</var>, a <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2493"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>Scope</var>. FunctionInitialize performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>len</var> be the ExpectedArgumentCount of <var>ParameterList</var>.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="SetFunctionLength" id="_ref_2494"><a href="#sec-setfunctionlength">SetFunctionLength</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <var>len</var>).</li><li>Let <var>Strict</var> be <var>F</var>.[[Strict]].</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[Environment]] to <var>Scope</var>.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[FormalParameters]] to <var>ParameterList</var>.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[ECMAScriptCode]] to <var>Body</var>.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[ScriptOrModule]] to <emu-xref aoid="GetActiveScriptOrModule" id="_ref_2495"><a href="#sec-getactivescriptormodule">GetActiveScriptOrModule</a></emu-xref>().</li><li>If <var>kind</var> is <emu-const>Arrow</emu-const>, set <var>F</var>.[[ThisMode]] to <emu-const>lexical</emu-const>.</li><li>Else if <var>Strict</var> is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, set <var>F</var>.[[ThisMode]] to <emu-const>strict</emu-const>.</li><li>Else, set <var>F</var>.[[ThisMode]] to <emu-const>global</emu-const>.</li><li>Return <var>F</var>.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-functioncreate" aoid="FunctionCreate">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.5</span>FunctionCreate ( <var>kind</var>, <var>ParameterList</var>, <var>Body</var>, <var>Scope</var>, <var>Strict</var> [ , <var>prototype</var> ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation FunctionCreate requires the arguments: <var>kind</var> which is one of (Normal, Method, Arrow), a parameter list <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2496"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>ParameterList</var>, a body <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2497"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>Body</var>, a <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2498"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>Scope</var>, a Boolean flag <var>Strict</var>, and optionally, an object <var>prototype</var>. FunctionCreate performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>If <var>prototype</var> is not present, then<ol><li>Set <var>prototype</var> to the intrinsic object <emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-function-prototype-object" id="_ref_2499"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-function-prototype-object">%FunctionPrototype%</a></emu-xref>.</li></ol></li><li>If <var>kind</var> is not <emu-const>Normal</emu-const>, let <var>allocKind</var> be <code>"non-constructor"</code>.</li><li>Else, let <var>allocKind</var> be <code>"normal"</code>.</li><li>Let <var>F</var> be <emu-xref aoid="FunctionAllocate" id="_ref_2500"><a href="#sec-functionallocate">FunctionAllocate</a></emu-xref>(<var>prototype</var>, <var>Strict</var>, <var>allocKind</var>).</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="FunctionInitialize" id="_ref_2501"><a href="#sec-functioninitialize">FunctionInitialize</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <var>kind</var>, <var>ParameterList</var>, <var>Body</var>, <var>Scope</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-generatorfunctioncreate" aoid="GeneratorFunctionCreate">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.6</span>GeneratorFunctionCreate ( <var>kind</var>, <var>ParameterList</var>, <var>Body</var>, <var>Scope</var>, <var>Strict</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation GeneratorFunctionCreate requires the arguments: <var>kind</var> which is one of (Normal, Method), a parameter list <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2502"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>ParameterList</var>, a body <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2503"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>Body</var>, a <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2504"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>Scope</var>, and a Boolean flag <var>Strict</var>. GeneratorFunctionCreate performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>functionPrototype</var> be the intrinsic object <emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-generatorfunction-prototype-object" id="_ref_2505"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-generatorfunction-prototype-object">%Generator%</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>F</var> be <emu-xref aoid="FunctionAllocate" id="_ref_2506"><a href="#sec-functionallocate">FunctionAllocate</a></emu-xref>(<var>functionPrototype</var>, <var>Strict</var>, <code>"generator"</code>).</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="FunctionInitialize" id="_ref_2507"><a href="#sec-functioninitialize">FunctionInitialize</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <var>kind</var>, <var>ParameterList</var>, <var>Body</var>, <var>Scope</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-asyncgeneratorfunctioncreate" aoid="AsyncGeneratorFunctionCreate">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.7</span>AsyncGeneratorFunctionCreate ( <var>kind</var>, <var>ParameterList</var>, <var>Body</var>, <var>Scope</var>, <var>Strict</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation AsyncGeneratorFunctionCreate requires the arguments: <var>kind</var> which is one of (<emu-const>Normal</emu-const>, <emu-const>Method</emu-const>), a parameter list <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2508"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>ParameterList</var>, a body <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2509"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>Body</var>, a <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2510"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>Scope</var>, and a Boolean flag <var>Strict</var>. AsyncGeneratorFunctionCreate performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>functionPrototype</var> be the intrinsic object <emu-xref href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-prototype" id="_ref_2511"><a href="#sec-asyncgeneratorfunction-prototype">%AsyncGenerator%</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>F</var> be !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="FunctionAllocate" id="_ref_2512"><a href="#sec-functionallocate">FunctionAllocate</a></emu-xref>(<var>functionPrototype</var>, <var>Strict</var>, <code>"generator"</code>).</li><li>Return !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="FunctionInitialize" id="_ref_2513"><a href="#sec-functioninitialize">FunctionInitialize</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <var>kind</var>, <var>ParameterList</var>, <var>Body</var>, <var>Scope</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-async-functions-abstract-operations-async-function-create" aoid="AsyncFunctionCreate">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.8</span>AsyncFunctionCreate ( <var>kind</var>, <var>parameters</var>, <var>body</var>, <var>Scope</var>, <var>Strict</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation AsyncFunctionCreate requires the arguments: <var>kind</var> which is one of (<emu-const>Normal</emu-const>, <emu-const>Method</emu-const>, <emu-const>Arrow</emu-const>), a parameter list <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2514"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>parameters</var>, a body <emu-xref href="#sec-syntactic-grammar" id="_ref_2515"><a href="#sec-syntactic-grammar">Parse Node</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>body</var>, a <emu-xref href="#sec-lexical-environments" id="_ref_2516"><a href="#sec-lexical-environments">Lexical Environment</a></emu-xref> specified by <var>Scope</var>, and a Boolean flag <var>Strict</var>. AsyncFunctionCreate performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Let <var>functionPrototype</var> be the intrinsic object <emu-xref href="#sec-async-function-prototype-properties" id="_ref_2517"><a href="#sec-async-function-prototype-properties">%AsyncFunctionPrototype%</a></emu-xref>.</li><li>Let <var>F</var> be !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="FunctionAllocate" id="_ref_2518"><a href="#sec-functionallocate">FunctionAllocate</a></emu-xref>(<var>functionPrototype</var>, <var>Strict</var>, <code>"async"</code>).</li><li>Return !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="FunctionInitialize" id="_ref_2519"><a href="#sec-functioninitialize">FunctionInitialize</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <var>kind</var>, <var>parameters</var>, <var>body</var>, <var>Scope</var>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-addrestrictedfunctionproperties" aoid="AddRestrictedFunctionProperties">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.9</span>AddRestrictedFunctionProperties ( <var>F</var>, <var>realm</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation AddRestrictedFunctionProperties is called with a <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2520"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> <var>F</var> and <emu-xref href="#realm-record" id="_ref_2521"><a href="#realm-record">Realm Record</a></emu-xref> <var>realm</var> as its argument. It performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2522"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>realm</var>.[[Intrinsics]].[[<emu-xref href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%" id="_ref_2523"><a href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%">%ThrowTypeError%</a></emu-xref>]] exists and has been initialized.</li><li>Let <var>thrower</var> be <var>realm</var>.[[Intrinsics]].[[<emu-xref href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%" id="_ref_2524"><a href="#sec-%throwtypeerror%">%ThrowTypeError%</a></emu-xref>]].</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_2525"><a href="#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <code>"caller"</code>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Get]]: <var>thrower</var>, [[Set]]: <var>thrower</var>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }).</li><li>Return !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_2526"><a href="#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <code>"arguments"</code>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Get]]: <var>thrower</var>, [[Set]]: <var>thrower</var>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<emu-clause id="sec-%throwtypeerror%">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.9.1</span>%ThrowTypeError% ( )</h1>
<p>The <dfn>%ThrowTypeError%</dfn> intrinsic is an anonymous built-in <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2527"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref> that is defined once for each <emu-xref href="#realm" id="_ref_2528"><a href="#realm">realm</a></emu-xref>. When %ThrowTypeError% is called it performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li>Throw a <emu-val>TypeError</emu-val> exception.
</li></ol></emu-alg>
<p>The value of the [[Extensible]] internal slot of a %ThrowTypeError% function is <emu-val>false</emu-val>.</p>
<p>The <code>"length"</code> property of a %ThrowTypeError% function has the attributes { [[Writable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val> }.</p>
</emu-clause>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-makeconstructor" aoid="MakeConstructor">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.10</span>MakeConstructor ( <var>F</var> [ , <var>writablePrototype</var> [ , <var>prototype</var> ] ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation MakeConstructor requires a Function argument <var>F</var> and optionally, a Boolean <var>writablePrototype</var> and an object <var>prototype</var>. If <var>prototype</var> is provided it is assumed to already contain, if needed, a <code>"constructor"</code> property whose value is <var>F</var>. This operation converts <var>F</var> into a <emu-xref href="#constructor" id="_ref_2529"><a href="#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> by performing the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2530"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>F</var> is an ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2531"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2532"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsConstructor" id="_ref_2533"><a href="#sec-isconstructor">IsConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2534"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>F</var> is an extensible object that does not have a <code>prototype</code> own property.</li><li>If <var>writablePrototype</var> is not present, set <var>writablePrototype</var> to <emu-val>true</emu-val>.</li><li>If <var>prototype</var> is not present, then<ol><li>Set <var>prototype</var> to <emu-xref aoid="ObjectCreate" id="_ref_2535"><a href="#sec-objectcreate">ObjectCreate</a></emu-xref>(<emu-xref href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object" id="_ref_2536"><a href="#sec-properties-of-the-object-prototype-object">%ObjectPrototype%</a></emu-xref>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_2537"><a href="#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>prototype</var>, <code>"constructor"</code>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>F</var>, [[Writable]]: <var>writablePrototype</var>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }).</li></ol></li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_2538"><a href="#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>F</var>, <code>"prototype"</code>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>prototype</var>, [[Writable]]: <var>writablePrototype</var>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val> }).</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_2539"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-makeclassconstructor" aoid="MakeClassConstructor">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.11</span>MakeClassConstructor ( <var>F</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation MakeClassConstructor with argument <var>F</var> performs the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2540"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>F</var> is an ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2541"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2542"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>F</var>.[[FunctionKind]] is <code>"normal"</code>.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[FunctionKind]] to <code>"classConstructor"</code>.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_2543"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-makemethod" aoid="MakeMethod">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.12</span>MakeMethod ( <var>F</var>, <var>homeObject</var> )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation MakeMethod with arguments <var>F</var> and <var>homeObject</var> configures <var>F</var> as a method by performing the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2544"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>F</var> is an ECMAScript <emu-xref href="#function-object" id="_ref_2545"><a href="#function-object">function object</a></emu-xref>.</li><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2546"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_2547"><a href="#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>homeObject</var>) is Object.</li><li>Set <var>F</var>.[[HomeObject]] to <var>homeObject</var>.</li><li>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_2548"><a href="#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).
</li></ol></emu-alg>
</emu-clause>
<emu-clause id="sec-setfunctionname" aoid="SetFunctionName">
<h1><span class="secnum">9.2.13</span>SetFunctionName ( <var>F</var>, <var>name</var> [ , <var>prefix</var> ] )</h1>
<p>The abstract operation SetFunctionName requires a Function argument <var>F</var>, a String or Symbol argument <var>name</var> and optionally a String argument <var>prefix</var>. This operation adds a <code>name</code> property to <var>F</var> by performing the following steps:</p>
<emu-alg><ol><li><emu-xref href="#assert" id="_ref_2549"><a href="#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <var>F</var> is an extensible object that does not have a <code>name</code>