pathfinder/utils/tile-svg/src/main.rs

// pathfinder/utils/tile-svg/main.rs
//
// Copyright © 2018 The Pathfinder Project Developers.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.

#[macro_use]
extern crate bitflags;

#[cfg(test)]
extern crate quickcheck;
#[cfg(test)]
extern crate rand;

use byteorder::{LittleEndian, WriteBytesExt};
use clap::{App, Arg};
use euclid::{Point2D, Rect, Size2D, Transform2D, Vector2D};
use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;
use jemallocator;
use lyon_geom::cubic_bezier::Flattened;
use lyon_geom::{CubicBezierSegment, LineSegment, QuadraticBezierSegment};
use lyon_path::PathEvent;
use lyon_path::iterator::PathIter;
use pathfinder_path_utils::stroke::{StrokeStyle, StrokeToFillIter};
use quick_xml::Reader;
use quick_xml::events::{BytesStart, Event};
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::{self, BufReader, BufWriter, Write};
use std::mem;
use std::ops::Range;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::str::FromStr;
use std::time::Instant;
use std::u32;
use svgtypes::{Color as SvgColor, PathParser, PathSegment as SvgPathSegment, TransformListParser};
use svgtypes::{TransformListToken};

#[global_allocator]
static ALLOC: jemallocator::Jemalloc = jemallocator::Jemalloc;

// TODO(pcwalton): Make this configurable.
const SCALE_FACTOR: f32 = 1.0;

// TODO(pcwalton): Make this configurable.
const FLATTENING_TOLERANCE: f32 = 3.0;

fn main() {
    let matches =
        App::new("tile-svg").arg(Arg::with_name("runs").short("r")
                                                       .long("runs")
                                                       .value_name("COUNT")
                                                       .takes_value(true)
                                                       .help("Run a benchmark with COUNT runs"))
                            .arg(Arg::with_name("INPUT").help("Path to the SVG file to render")
                                                        .required(true)
                                                        .index(1))
                            .arg(Arg::with_name("OUTPUT").help("Path to the output PF3 data")
                                                         .required(false)
                                                         .index(2))
                            .get_matches();
    let runs: usize = match matches.value_of("runs") {
        Some(runs) => runs.parse().unwrap(),
        None => 1,
    };
    let input_path = PathBuf::from(matches.value_of("INPUT").unwrap());
    let output_path = matches.value_of("OUTPUT").map(PathBuf::from);

    let scene = Scene::from_path(&input_path);
    println!("Scene bounds: {:?}", scene.bounds);

    let start_time = Instant::now();
    let mut built_scene = BuiltScene::new(&scene.view_box, scene.objects.len() as u32);
    for _ in 0..runs {
        built_scene = scene.build();
        built_scene = merge_and_cull_subscenes(&[&built_scene]);
    }
    let elapsed_time = Instant::now() - start_time;

    let elapsed_ms = elapsed_time.as_secs() as f64 * 1000.0 +
        elapsed_time.subsec_micros() as f64 / 1000.0;
    println!("{:.3}ms elapsed", elapsed_ms / runs as f64);
    println!("{} fill primitives generated", built_scene.fills.len());
    println!("{} tiles ({} solid, {} mask) generated",
             built_scene.solid_tiles.len() + built_scene.mask_tiles.len(),
             built_scene.solid_tiles.len(),
             built_scene.mask_tiles.len());

    /*
    println!("solid tiles:");
    for (index, tile) in built_scene.solid_tiles.iter().enumerate() {
        println!("... {}: {:?}", index, tile);
    }

    println!("fills:");
    for (index, fill) in built_scene.fills.iter().enumerate() {
        println!("... {}: {:?}", index, fill);
    }
    */

    if let Some(output_path) = output_path {
        built_scene.write(&mut BufWriter::new(File::create(output_path).unwrap())).unwrap();
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Scene {
    objects: Vec<PathObject>,
    styles: Vec<ComputedStyle>,
    bounds: Rect<f32>,
    view_box: Rect<f32>,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct PathObject {
    outline: Outline,
    style: StyleId,
    color: ColorU,
    name: String,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct ComputedStyle {
    fill_color: Option<SvgColor>,
    stroke_width: f32,
    stroke_color: Option<SvgColor>,
    transform: Transform2D<f32>,
}

#[derive(Default)]
struct GroupStyle {
    fill_color: Option<SvgColor>,
    stroke_width: Option<f32>,
    stroke_color: Option<SvgColor>,
    transform: Option<Transform2D<f32>>,
}

impl ComputedStyle {
    fn new() -> ComputedStyle {
        ComputedStyle {
            fill_color: None,
            stroke_width: 1.0,
            stroke_color: None,
            transform: Transform2D::identity(),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Debug)]
struct StyleId(u32);

impl Scene {
    fn new() -> Scene {
        Scene { objects: vec![], styles: vec![], bounds: Rect::zero(), view_box: Rect::zero() }
    }

    fn from_path(path: &Path) -> Scene {
        let mut reader = Reader::from_file(&path).unwrap();

        let global_transform = Transform2D::create_scale(SCALE_FACTOR, SCALE_FACTOR);

        let mut xml_buffer = vec![];
        let mut group_styles = vec![];
        let mut style = None;

        let mut scene = Scene::new();

        loop {
            match reader.read_event(&mut xml_buffer) {
                Ok(Event::Start(ref event)) |
                Ok(Event::Empty(ref event)) if event.name() == b"path" => {
                    scene.push_group_style(&mut reader, event, &mut group_styles, &mut style);

                    let attributes = event.attributes();
                    let (mut encoded_path, mut name) = (String::new(), String::new());
                    for attribute in attributes {
                        let attribute = attribute.unwrap();
                        if attribute.key == b"d" {
                            encoded_path = reader.decode(&attribute.value).to_string();
                        } else if attribute.key == b"id" {
                            name = reader.decode(&attribute.value).to_string();
                        }
                    }

                    let computed_style = scene.ensure_style(&mut style, &mut group_styles);
                    scene.push_svg_path(&encoded_path, computed_style, name);

                    group_styles.pop();
                    style = None;
                }

                Ok(Event::Start(ref event)) if event.name() == b"g" => {
                    scene.push_group_style(&mut reader, event, &mut group_styles, &mut style);
                }

                Ok(Event::End(ref event)) if event.name() == b"g" => {
                    group_styles.pop();
                    style = None;
                }

                Ok(Event::Start(ref event)) if event.name() == b"svg" => {
                    let attributes = event.attributes();
                    for attribute in attributes {
                        let attribute = attribute.unwrap();
                        if attribute.key == b"viewBox" {
                            let view_box = reader.decode(&attribute.value);
                            let mut elements = view_box.split_whitespace()
                                                       .map(|value| f32::from_str(value).unwrap());
                            let view_box = Rect::new(Point2D::new(elements.next().unwrap(),
                                                                  elements.next().unwrap()),
                                                     Size2D::new(elements.next().unwrap(),
                                                                 elements.next().unwrap()));
                            scene.view_box = global_transform.transform_rect(&view_box);
                        }
                    }
                }

                Ok(Event::Eof) | Err(_) => break,
                Ok(_) => {}
            }
            xml_buffer.clear();
        }

        return scene;

    }

    fn push_group_style(&mut self,
                        reader: &mut Reader<BufReader<File>>,
                        event: &BytesStart,
                        group_styles: &mut Vec<GroupStyle>,
                        style: &mut Option<StyleId>) {
        let mut group_style = GroupStyle::default();
        let attributes = event.attributes();
        for attribute in attributes {
            let attribute = attribute.unwrap();
            match attribute.key {
                b"fill" => {
                    let value = reader.decode(&attribute.value);
                    if let Ok(color) = SvgColor::from_str(&value) {
                        group_style.fill_color = Some(color);
                    }
                }
                b"stroke" => {
                    let value = reader.decode(&attribute.value);
                    if let Ok(color) = SvgColor::from_str(&value) {
                        group_style.stroke_color = Some(color)
                    }
                }
                b"transform" => {
                    let value = reader.decode(&attribute.value);
                    let mut current_transform = Transform2D::identity();
                    let transform_list_parser = TransformListParser::from(&*value);
                    for transform in transform_list_parser {
                        match transform {
                            Ok(TransformListToken::Matrix { a, b, c, d, e, f }) => {
                                let transform: Transform2D<f32> =
                                    Transform2D::row_major(a, b, c, d, e, f).cast();
                                current_transform = current_transform.pre_mul(&transform)
                            }
                            _ => {}
                        }
                    }
                    group_style.transform = Some(current_transform);
                }
                b"stroke-width" => {
                    if let Ok(width) = reader.decode(&attribute.value).parse() {
                        group_style.stroke_width = Some(width)
                    }
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }

        group_styles.push(group_style);
        *style = None;
    }

    fn ensure_style(&mut self, current_style: &mut Option<StyleId>, group_styles: &[GroupStyle])
                    -> StyleId {
        if let Some(current_style) = *current_style {
            return current_style
        }

        let mut computed_style = ComputedStyle::new();
        for group_style in group_styles {
            if let Some(fill_color) = group_style.fill_color {
                computed_style.fill_color = Some(fill_color)
            }
            if let Some(stroke_width) = group_style.stroke_width {
                computed_style.stroke_width = stroke_width
            }
            if let Some(stroke_color) = group_style.stroke_color {
                computed_style.stroke_color = Some(stroke_color)
            }
            if let Some(transform) = group_style.transform {
                computed_style.transform = computed_style.transform.pre_mul(&transform)
            }
        }

        let id = StyleId(self.styles.len() as u32);
        self.styles.push(computed_style);
        id
    }

    fn get_style(&self, style: StyleId) -> &ComputedStyle {
        &self.styles[style.0 as usize]
    }

    fn build(&self) -> BuiltScene {
        let mut built_scene = BuiltScene::new(&self.view_box, self.objects.len() as u32);
        for (object_index, object) in self.objects.iter().enumerate() {
            let mut tiler = Tiler::from_outline(&object.outline,
                                                object_index as u32,
                                                &self.view_box,
                                                &mut built_scene);
            tiler.generate_tiles();
            // TODO(pcwalton)
        }
        built_scene
    }

    fn push_svg_path(&mut self, value: &str, style: StyleId, name: String) {
        if self.get_style(style).stroke_color.is_some() {
            let computed_style = self.get_style(style);
            let mut path_parser = PathParser::from(&*value);
            let path = SvgPathToPathEvents::new(&mut path_parser);
            let path = PathIter::new(path);
            let path = StrokeToFillIter::new(path, StrokeStyle::new(computed_style.stroke_width));
            let path = MonotonicConversionIter::new(path);
            let outline = Outline::from_path_events(path, computed_style);

            let color = match computed_style.stroke_color {
                None => ColorU::black(),
                Some(color) => ColorU::from_svg_color(color),
            };

            self.bounds = self.bounds.union(&outline.bounds);
            self.objects.push(PathObject::new(outline, color, style, name.clone()));
        }

        if self.get_style(style).fill_color.is_some() {
            let computed_style = self.get_style(style);
            let mut path_parser = PathParser::from(&*value);
            let path = SvgPathToPathEvents::new(&mut path_parser);
            let path = MonotonicConversionIter::new(path);
            let outline = Outline::from_path_events(path, computed_style);

            let color = match computed_style.fill_color {
                None => ColorU::black(),
                Some(color) => ColorU::from_svg_color(color),
            };

            self.bounds = self.bounds.union(&outline.bounds);
            self.objects.push(PathObject::new(outline, color, style, name));
        }
    }
}

impl PathObject {
    fn new(outline: Outline, color: ColorU, style: StyleId, name: String) -> PathObject {
        PathObject { outline, color, style, name }
    }
}

// Outlines

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Outline {
    contours: Vec<Contour>,
    bounds: Rect<f32>,
}

struct Contour {
    points: Vec<Point2D<f32>>,
    flags: Vec<PointFlags>,
}

bitflags! {
    struct PointFlags: u8 {
        const CONTROL_POINT_0 = 0x01;
        const CONTROL_POINT_1 = 0x02;
    }
}

impl Outline {
    fn new() -> Outline {
        Outline {
            contours: vec![],
            bounds: Rect::zero(),
        }
    }

    fn from_path_events<I>(path_events: I, style: &ComputedStyle) -> Outline
                           where I: Iterator<Item = PathEvent> {
        let mut outline = Outline::new();
        let mut current_contour = Contour::new();
        let mut bounding_points = None;

        let global_transform = Transform2D::create_scale(SCALE_FACTOR, SCALE_FACTOR);
        let transform = global_transform.pre_mul(&style.transform);

        for path_event in path_events {
            match path_event {
                PathEvent::MoveTo(to) => {
                    if !current_contour.is_empty() {
                        outline.contours.push(mem::replace(&mut current_contour, Contour::new()))
                    }
                    current_contour.push_transformed_point(&to,
                                                           PointFlags::empty(),
                                                           &transform,
                                                           &mut bounding_points);
                }
                PathEvent::LineTo(to) => {
                    current_contour.push_transformed_point(&to,
                                                           PointFlags::empty(),
                                                           &transform,
                                                           &mut bounding_points);
                }
                PathEvent::QuadraticTo(ctrl, to) => {
                    current_contour.push_transformed_point(&ctrl,
                                                           PointFlags::CONTROL_POINT_0,
                                                           &transform,
                                                           &mut bounding_points);
                    current_contour.push_transformed_point(&to,
                                                           PointFlags::empty(),
                                                           &transform,
                                                           &mut bounding_points);
                }
                PathEvent::CubicTo(ctrl0, ctrl1, to) => {
                    current_contour.push_transformed_point(&ctrl0,
                                                           PointFlags::CONTROL_POINT_0,
                                                           &transform,
                                                           &mut bounding_points);
                    current_contour.push_transformed_point(&ctrl1,
                                                           PointFlags::CONTROL_POINT_1,
                                                           &transform,
                                                           &mut bounding_points);
                    current_contour.push_transformed_point(&to,
                                                           PointFlags::empty(),
                                                           &transform,
                                                           &mut bounding_points);
                }
                PathEvent::Close => {
                    if !current_contour.is_empty() {
                        outline.contours.push(mem::replace(&mut current_contour, Contour::new()));
                    }
                }
                PathEvent::Arc(..) => unimplemented!("arcs"),
            }
        }
        if !current_contour.is_empty() {
            outline.contours.push(current_contour)
        }

        if let Some((upper_left, lower_right)) = bounding_points {
            outline.bounds = Rect::from_points([upper_left, lower_right].into_iter())
        }

        outline
    }
}

impl Contour {
    fn new() -> Contour {
        Contour { points: vec![], flags: vec![] }
    }

    fn iter(&self) -> ContourIter {
        ContourIter { contour: self, index: 0 }
    }

    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.points.is_empty()
    }

    fn len(&self) -> u32 {
        self.points.len() as u32
    }

    fn position_of(&self, index: u32) -> Point2D<f32> {
        self.points[index as usize]
    }

    fn push_transformed_point(&mut self,
                              point: &Point2D<f32>,
                              flags: PointFlags,
                              transform: &Transform2D<f32>,
                              bounding_points: &mut Option<(Point2D<f32>, Point2D<f32>)>) {
        let point = transform.transform_point(point);
        self.points.push(point);
        self.flags.push(flags);

        match *bounding_points {
            Some((ref mut upper_left, ref mut lower_right)) => {
                *upper_left = upper_left.min(point);
                *lower_right = lower_right.max(point);
            }
            None => *bounding_points = Some((point, point)),
        }
    }

    fn segment_after(&self, point_index: u32) -> Segment {
        debug_assert!(self.point_is_endpoint(point_index));

        let mut segment = Segment::new();
        segment.from = self.position_of(point_index);
        segment.flags |= SegmentFlags::HAS_ENDPOINTS;

        let point1_index = self.add_to_point_index(point_index, 1);
        if self.point_is_endpoint(point1_index) {
            segment.to = self.position_of(point1_index);
        } else {
            segment.ctrl0 = self.position_of(point1_index);
            segment.flags |= SegmentFlags::HAS_CONTROL_POINT_0;

            let point2_index = self.add_to_point_index(point_index, 2);
            if self.point_is_endpoint(point2_index) {
                segment.to = self.position_of(point2_index);
            } else {
                segment.ctrl1 = self.position_of(point2_index);
                segment.flags |= SegmentFlags::HAS_CONTROL_POINT_1;

                let point3_index = self.add_to_point_index(point_index, 3);
                segment.to = self.position_of(point3_index);
            }
        }

        segment
    }

    fn point_is_endpoint(&self, point_index: u32) -> bool {
        !self.flags[point_index as usize].intersects(PointFlags::CONTROL_POINT_0 |
                                                     PointFlags::CONTROL_POINT_1)
    }

    fn add_to_point_index(&self, point_index: u32, addend: u32) -> u32 {
        let (index, limit) = (point_index + addend, self.len());
        if index >= limit {
            index - limit
        } else {
            index
        }
    }

    fn point_is_logically_above(&self, a: u32, b: u32) -> bool {
        let (a_y, b_y) = (self.points[a as usize].y, self.points[b as usize].y);
        a_y < b_y || (a_y == b_y && a < b)
    }

    fn prev_endpoint_index_of(&self, mut point_index: u32) -> u32 {
        loop {
            point_index = self.prev_point_index_of(point_index);
            if self.point_is_endpoint(point_index) {
                return point_index
            }
        }
    }

    fn next_endpoint_index_of(&self, mut point_index: u32) -> u32 {
        loop {
            point_index = self.next_point_index_of(point_index);
            if self.point_is_endpoint(point_index) {
                return point_index
            }
        }
    }

    fn prev_point_index_of(&self, point_index: u32) -> u32 {
        if point_index == 0 {
            self.len() - 1
        } else {
            point_index - 1
        }
    }

    fn next_point_index_of(&self, point_index: u32) -> u32 {
        if point_index == self.len() - 1 {
            0
        } else {
            point_index + 1
        }
    }
}

impl Debug for Contour {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        formatter.write_str("[")?;
        if formatter.alternate() {
            formatter.write_str("\n")?
        }
        for (index, segment) in self.iter().enumerate() {
            if index > 0 {
                formatter.write_str(",")?;
            }
            if formatter.alternate() {
                formatter.write_str("\n    ")?;
            } else {
                formatter.write_str(" ")?;
            }
            segment.fmt(formatter)?;
        }
        if formatter.alternate() {
            formatter.write_str("\n")?
        }
        formatter.write_str("]")
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
struct PointIndex(u32);

impl PointIndex {
    fn new(contour: u32, point: u32) -> PointIndex {
        PointIndex((contour << 20) | point)
    }

    fn contour(self) -> u32 {
        self.0 >> 20
    }

    fn point(self) -> u32 {
        self.0 & 0x000fffff
    }
}

struct ContourIter<'a> {
    contour: &'a Contour,
    index: u32,
}

impl<'a> Iterator for ContourIter<'a> {
    type Item = PathEvent;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<PathEvent> {
        let contour = self.contour;
        if self.index == contour.len() + 1 {
            return None
        }
        if self.index == contour.len() {
            self.index += 1;
            return Some(PathEvent::Close)
        }

        let point0_index = self.index;
        let point0 = contour.position_of(point0_index);
        self.index += 1;
        if point0_index == 0 {
            return Some(PathEvent::MoveTo(point0))
        }
        if contour.point_is_endpoint(point0_index) {
            return Some(PathEvent::LineTo(point0))
        }

        let point1_index = self.index;
        let point1 = contour.position_of(point1_index);
        self.index += 1;
        if contour.point_is_endpoint(point1_index) {
            return Some(PathEvent::QuadraticTo(point0, point1))
        }

        let point2_index = self.index;
        let point2 = contour.position_of(point2_index);
        self.index += 1;
        debug_assert!(contour.point_is_endpoint(point2_index));
        Some(PathEvent::CubicTo(point0, point1, point2))
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
struct Segment {
    from: Point2D<f32>,
    ctrl0: Point2D<f32>,
    ctrl1: Point2D<f32>,
    to: Point2D<f32>,
    flags: SegmentFlags,
}

impl Segment {
    fn new() -> Segment {
        Segment {
            from: Point2D::zero(),
            ctrl0: Point2D::zero(),
            ctrl1: Point2D::zero(),
            to: Point2D::zero(),
            flags: SegmentFlags::empty(),
        }
    }

    fn from_line(line: &LineSegment<f32>) -> Segment {
        Segment {
            from: line.from,
            ctrl0: Point2D::zero(),
            ctrl1: Point2D::zero(),
            to: line.to,
            flags: SegmentFlags::HAS_ENDPOINTS,
        }
    }

    fn from_quadratic(curve: &QuadraticBezierSegment<f32>) -> Segment {
        Segment {
            from: curve.from,
            ctrl0: curve.ctrl,
            ctrl1: Point2D::zero(),
            to: curve.to,
            flags: SegmentFlags::HAS_ENDPOINTS | SegmentFlags::HAS_CONTROL_POINT_0
        }
    }

    fn from_cubic(curve: &CubicBezierSegment<f32>) -> Segment {
        Segment {
            from: curve.from,
            ctrl0: curve.ctrl1,
            ctrl1: curve.ctrl2,
            to: curve.to,
            flags: SegmentFlags::HAS_ENDPOINTS | SegmentFlags::HAS_CONTROL_POINT_0 |
                SegmentFlags::HAS_CONTROL_POINT_1,
        }
    }

    fn as_line_segment(&self) -> Option<LineSegment<f32>> {
        if !self.flags.contains(SegmentFlags::HAS_CONTROL_POINT_0) {
            Some(LineSegment { from: self.from, to: self.to })
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    // FIXME(pcwalton): We should basically never use this function.
    fn as_cubic_segment(&self) -> Option<CubicBezierSegment<f32>> {
        if !self.flags.contains(SegmentFlags::HAS_CONTROL_POINT_0) {
            None
        } else if !self.flags.contains(SegmentFlags::HAS_CONTROL_POINT_1) {
            Some((QuadraticBezierSegment {
                from: self.from,
                ctrl: self.ctrl0,
                to: self.to,
            }).to_cubic())
        } else {
            Some(CubicBezierSegment {
                from: self.from,
                ctrl1: self.ctrl0,
                ctrl2: self.ctrl1,
                to: self.to,
            })
        }
    }

    fn is_degenerate(&self) -> bool {
        return f32::abs(self.to.x - self.from.x) < EPSILON ||
            f32::abs(self.to.y - self.from.y) < EPSILON;

        const EPSILON: f32 = 0.0001;
    }

    fn clip_x(&self, range: Range<f32>) -> Option<Segment> {
        // Trivial cases.
        if (self.from.x <= range.start && self.to.x <= range.start) ||
                (self.from.x >= range.end && self.to.x >= range.end) {
            return None
        }
        let (start, end) = (f32::min(self.from.x, self.to.x), f32::max(self.from.x, self.to.x));
        if start >= range.start && end <= range.end {
            return Some(*self)
        }

        // FIXME(pcwalton): Reduce code duplication!
        if let Some(mut line_segment) = self.as_line_segment() {
            if let Some(t) = LineAxis::from_x(&line_segment).solve_for_t(range.start) {
                let (prev, next) = line_segment.split(t);
                if line_segment.from.x < line_segment.to.x {
                    line_segment = next
                } else {
                    line_segment = prev
                }
            }

            if let Some(t) = LineAxis::from_x(&line_segment).solve_for_t(range.end) {
                let (prev, next) = line_segment.split(t);
                if line_segment.from.x < line_segment.to.x {
                    line_segment = prev
                } else {
                    line_segment = next
                }
            }

            let clipped = Segment::from_line(&line_segment);
            return Some(clipped);
        }

        // TODO(pcwalton): Don't degree elevate!
        let mut cubic_segment = self.as_cubic_segment().unwrap();

        if let Some(t) = CubicAxis::from_x(&cubic_segment).solve_for_t(range.start) {
            let (prev, next) = cubic_segment.split(t);
            if cubic_segment.from.x < cubic_segment.to.x {
                cubic_segment = next
            } else {
                cubic_segment = prev
            }
        }

        if let Some(t) = CubicAxis::from_x(&cubic_segment).solve_for_t(range.end) {
            let (prev, next) = cubic_segment.split(t);
            if cubic_segment.from.x < cubic_segment.to.x {
                cubic_segment = prev
            } else {
                cubic_segment = next
            }
        }

        let clipped = Segment::from_cubic(&cubic_segment);
        return Some(clipped);
    }

    fn split_y(&self, y: f32) -> (Option<Segment>, Option<Segment>) {
        // Trivial cases.
        if self.from.y <= y && self.to.y <= y {
            return (Some(*self), None)
        }
        if self.from.y >= y && self.to.y >= y {
            return (None, Some(*self))
        }

        // TODO(pcwalton): Reduce code duplication?
        let (prev, next) = match self.as_line_segment() {
            Some(line_segment) => {
                let t = LineAxis::from_y(&line_segment).solve_for_t(y).unwrap();
                let (prev, next) = line_segment.split(t);
                (Segment::from_line(&prev), Segment::from_line(&next))
            }
            None => {
                // TODO(pcwalton): Don't degree elevate!
                let cubic_segment = self.as_cubic_segment().unwrap();
                let t = CubicAxis::from_y(&cubic_segment).solve_for_t(y);
                let t = t.expect("Failed to solve cubic for Y!");
                let (prev, next) = cubic_segment.split(t);
                (Segment::from_cubic(&prev), Segment::from_cubic(&next))
            }
        };

        if self.from.y < self.to.y {
            (Some(prev), Some(next))
        } else {
            (Some(next), Some(prev))
        }
    }

    #[inline(never)]
    fn generate_fill_primitives(&self,
                                strip_origin: &Point2D<f32>,
                                primitives: &mut Vec<FillPrimitive>) {
        if let Some(ref line_segment) = self.as_line_segment() {
            //println!("generate_fill_primitives({:?}, {:?})", strip_origin, line_segment);
            generate_fill_primitives_for_line(line_segment, strip_origin, primitives);
            return;
        }

        // TODO(pcwalton): Don't degree elevate!
        let segment = self.as_cubic_segment().unwrap();
        let flattener = Flattened::new(segment, FLATTENING_TOLERANCE);
        let mut from = self.from;
        for to in flattener {
            generate_fill_primitives_for_line(&LineSegment { from, to }, strip_origin, primitives);
            from = to;
        }

        fn generate_fill_primitives_for_line(segment: &LineSegment<f32>,
                                             strip_origin: &Point2D<f32>,
                                             primitives: &mut Vec<FillPrimitive>) {
            let mut segment = *segment;

            // TODO(pcwalton): Factor this point-to-tile logic out. It keeps getting repeated…
            let mut from_tile_index =
                f32::max(0.0, f32::floor((segment.from.x - strip_origin.x) / TILE_WIDTH)) as u32;
            loop {
                let tile_offset =
                    Vector2D::new(from_tile_index as f32 * TILE_WIDTH + strip_origin.x,
                                  strip_origin.y);

                let to_tile_index =
                    f32::max(0.0, f32::floor((segment.to.x - strip_origin.x) / TILE_WIDTH)) as u32;

                if from_tile_index == to_tile_index {
                    /*println!("... ... pushing LAST fill primitive {}: {:?} @ {:?}",
                             primitives.len(),
                             segment,
                             tile_offset);*/
                    primitives.push(FillPrimitive {
                        from: segment.from - tile_offset,
                        to: segment.to - tile_offset,
                        mask_tile_index: from_tile_index,
                    });
                    break;
                }

                // Split line at tile boundary.
                let (next_tile_index, split_x) = if segment.from.x < segment.to.x {
                    (from_tile_index + 1, tile_offset.x + TILE_WIDTH)
                } else {
                    (from_tile_index - 1, tile_offset.x)
                };

                let (prev_segment, next_segment) = segment.split_at_x(split_x);
                primitives.push(FillPrimitive {
                    from: prev_segment.from - tile_offset,
                    to: prev_segment.to - tile_offset,
                    tile_index: from_tile_index,
                });

                from_tile_index = next_tile_index;
                segment = next_segment;
            }
        }
    }

    fn is_none(&self) -> bool {
        !self.flags.contains(SegmentFlags::HAS_ENDPOINTS)
    }

    fn min_x(&self) -> f32 { f32::min(self.from.x, self.to.x) }
    fn max_x(&self) -> f32 { f32::max(self.from.x, self.to.x) }

    fn winding(&self) -> i32 {
        match self.from.x.partial_cmp(&self.to.x) {
            Some(Ordering::Less) => -1,
            Some(Ordering::Greater) => 1,
            Some(Ordering::Equal) | None => 0,
        }
    }
}

bitflags! {
    struct SegmentFlags: u8 {
        const HAS_ENDPOINTS       = 0x01;
        const HAS_CONTROL_POINT_0 = 0x02;
        const HAS_CONTROL_POINT_1 = 0x04;
    }
}

// Tiling

const TILE_WIDTH: f32 = 16.0;
const TILE_HEIGHT: f32 = 16.0;

struct Tiler<'o, 'p> {
    outline: &'o Outline,
    object_index: u32,
    built_scene: &'p mut BuiltScene,

    view_box: Rect<f32>,

    point_queue: SortedVector<QueuedEndpoint>,
    active_edges: SortedVector<ActiveEdge>,
    strip_fills: Vec<FillPrimitive>,
    strip_tiles: Vec<MaskTilePrimitive>,
    used_strip_tiles: FixedBitSet,
    old_active_edges: Vec<ActiveEdge>,
}

impl<'o, 'p> Tiler<'o, 'p> {
    fn from_outline(outline: &'o Outline,
                    object_index: u32,
                    view_box: &Rect<f32>,
                    built_scene: &'p mut BuiltScene)
                    -> Tiler<'o, 'p> {
        Tiler {
            outline,
            object_index,
            built_scene,

            view_box: *view_box,

            point_queue: SortedVector::new(),
            active_edges: SortedVector::new(),
            strip_fills: vec![],
            strip_tiles: vec![],
            used_strip_tiles: FixedBitSet::with_capacity(1),
            old_active_edges: vec![],
        }
    }

    #[inline(never)]
    fn generate_tiles(&mut self) {
        // Initialize the point queue.
        self.init_point_queue();

        // Clip to the view box.
        let mut bounds = self.outline.bounds;
        let max_x = f32::min(self.view_box.max_x(), bounds.max_x());
        let max_y = f32::min(self.view_box.max_y(), bounds.max_y());
        bounds.origin.x = f32::max(self.view_box.origin.x, bounds.origin.x);
        bounds.size.width = f32::max(0.0, max_x - bounds.origin.x);
        bounds.size.height = f32::max(0.0, max_y - bounds.origin.y);

        self.active_edges.clear();

        let outline_tile_origin = Point2D::new(f32::floor(bounds.origin.x / TILE_WIDTH) as i16,
                                               f32::floor(bounds.origin.y / TILE_HEIGHT) as i16);

        let mut strip_origin = Point2D::new(outline_tile_origin.x as f32 * TILE_WIDTH,
                                            outline_tile_origin.y as f32 * TILE_HEIGHT);
        let strip_right_extent = f32::ceil(bounds.max_x() / TILE_WIDTH) * TILE_WIDTH;

        let tiles_across = ((strip_right_extent - strip_origin.x) / TILE_WIDTH) as usize;

        let mut tile_index_y = (f32::floor(self.view_box.origin.y / TILE_HEIGHT) * TILE_HEIGHT)
            as i16;

        self.strip_tiles.clear();
        self.strip_tiles.reserve(tiles_across);
        self.used_strip_tiles.grow(tiles_across);
        self.old_active_edges.clear();

        // Generate strips.
        while strip_origin.y < bounds.max_y() {
            // Determine strip bounds.
            let strip_extent = Point2D::new(strip_right_extent, strip_origin.y + TILE_HEIGHT);
            let strip_bounds = Rect::new(strip_origin,
                                            Size2D::new(strip_right_extent - strip_origin.x,
                                                        strip_extent.y - strip_origin.y));

            // Generate strip.
            self.generate_strip(&strip_bounds, tile_index_y, tiles_across, &outline_tile_origin);

            strip_origin.y = strip_extent.y;
            tile_index_y += 1;
        }
    }

    #[inline(never)]
    fn generate_strip(&mut self,
                      strip_bounds: &Rect<f32>,
                      tile_index_y: i16,
                      tiles_across: usize,
                      outline_tile_origin: &Point2D<i16>) {
        // We can skip a bunch of steps if we're above the viewport.
        let above_view_box = tile_index_y < 0;

        // Reset strip info.
        self.strip_fills.clear();
        self.strip_tiles.clear();
        self.used_strip_tiles.clear();

        // Allocate tiles.
        for tile_index_x in 0..tiles_across {
            let tile_x = outline_tile_origin.x + tile_index_x as i16;
            let tile_y = outline_tile_origin.y + tile_index_y;
            self.strip_tiles.push(MaskTilePrimitive::new(tile_x, tile_y, self.object_index));
        }

        // Process old active edges.
        self.process_old_active_edges(strip_bounds, tile_index_y);

        // Add new active edges.
        loop {
            match self.point_queue.peek() {
                Some(queued_endpoint) if queued_endpoint.y < strip_bounds.max_y() => {}
                Some(_) | None => break,
            }

            self.add_new_active_edge(strip_bounds, tile_index_y);
        }

        // Finalize tiles.
        if !above_view_box {
            // NB: This order must not be changed!
            self.flush_fills();
            self.flush_tiles();
        }
    }

    #[inline(never)]
    fn process_old_active_edges(&mut self, strip_bounds: &Rect<f32>, tile_index_y: i16) {
        // We can skip a bunch of steps if we're above the viewport.
        let above_view_box = tile_index_y < 0;

        let (mut tile_index_x, mut current_left) = (0, strip_bounds.origin.x);
        let mut winding = 0;
        mem::swap(&mut self.old_active_edges, &mut self.active_edges.array);
        for mut active_edge in self.old_active_edges.drain(..) {
            let (segment_x, edge_winding) =
                if active_edge.segment.from.y < active_edge.segment.to.y {
                    (active_edge.segment.from.x, 1)
                } else {
                    (active_edge.segment.to.x, -1)
                };

            // Move over to the correct tile, filling in as we go.
            let mut tile_left = strip_bounds.origin.x + (tile_index_x as f32) * TILE_WIDTH;
            while tile_index_x < self.strip_tiles.len() {
                let tile_right = tile_left + TILE_WIDTH;
                /*println!("filling tile_left={}, segment_x={} winding={}?",
                         tile_left,
                         segment_x,
                         winding);*/
                if tile_right > segment_x {
                    break
                }

                //println!("... filling!");
                self.strip_tiles[tile_index_x].backdrop = winding as f32;

                current_left = tile_right;
                tile_left = tile_right;
                tile_index_x += 1;
            }

            // Do subtile fills.
            if current_left < segment_x && tile_index_x < self.strip_tiles.len() {
                let subtile_left = Point2D::new(current_left - tile_left, 0.0);
                let subtile_right = Point2D::new(segment_x - tile_left, 0.0);

                self.strip_fills.push(FillPrimitive {
                    from:       if edge_winding < 0 { subtile_left  } else { subtile_right },
                    to:         if edge_winding < 0 { subtile_right } else { subtile_left  },
                    tile_index: tile_index_x as u32,
                });
                self.used_strip_tiles.insert(tile_index_x);

                current_left = segment_x;
            }

            // Update winding.
            winding += edge_winding;

            // Process the edge.
            let fills = if above_view_box { None } else { Some(&mut self.strip_fills) };
            process_active_edge(&mut active_edge.segment,
                                &strip_bounds,
                                fills,
                                &mut self.used_strip_tiles);

            if !active_edge.segment.is_none() {
                self.active_edges.push(active_edge);
            }
        }
    }

    #[inline(never)]
    fn add_new_active_edge(&mut self, strip_bounds: &Rect<f32>, tile_index_y: i16) {
        // We can skip a bunch of steps if we're above the viewport.
        let above_view_box = tile_index_y < 0;

        let outline = &self.outline;
        let point_index = self.point_queue.pop().unwrap().point_index;

        let contour = &outline.contours[point_index.contour() as usize];

        // TODO(pcwalton): Could use a bitset of processed edges…
        let prev_endpoint_index = contour.prev_endpoint_index_of(point_index.point());
        let next_endpoint_index = contour.next_endpoint_index_of(point_index.point());
        if contour.point_is_logically_above(point_index.point(), prev_endpoint_index) {
            let fills = if above_view_box { None } else { Some(&mut self.strip_fills) };
            process_active_segment(contour,
                                   prev_endpoint_index,
                                   &mut self.active_edges,
                                   &strip_bounds,
                                   fills,
                                   &mut self.used_strip_tiles);

            self.point_queue.push(QueuedEndpoint {
                point_index: PointIndex::new(point_index.contour(), prev_endpoint_index),
                y: contour.position_of(prev_endpoint_index).y,
            });
        }

        if contour.point_is_logically_above(point_index.point(), next_endpoint_index) {
            let fills = if above_view_box { None } else { Some(&mut self.strip_fills) };
            process_active_segment(contour,
                                    point_index.point(),
                                    &mut self.active_edges,
                                    &strip_bounds,
                                    fills,
                                    &mut self.used_strip_tiles);

            self.point_queue.push(QueuedEndpoint {
                point_index: PointIndex::new(point_index.contour(), next_endpoint_index),
                y: contour.position_of(next_endpoint_index).y,
            });
        }
    }

    #[inline(never)]
    fn flush_tiles(&mut self) {
        // Flush tiles.
        for (tile_index_x, tile) in self.strip_tiles.iter().enumerate() {
            if self.used_strip_tiles.contains(tile_index_x) {
                self.built_scene.mask_tiles.push(*tile);
            } else if tile.backdrop != 0.0 {
                self.built_scene.solid_tiles.push(SolidTilePrimitive {
                    tile_x: tile.tile_x,
                    tile_y: tile.tile_y,
                    object_index: tile.object_index,
                });
            }
        }
    }

    #[inline(never)]
    fn flush_fills(&mut self) {
        let first_tile_index = self.built_scene.mask_tiles.len() as u32;
        for fill in &self.strip_fills {
            let real_tile_index = first_tile_index +
                self.used_strip_tiles.count_ones(0..(fill.tile_index as usize)) as u32;
            self.built_scene.fills.push(FillPrimitive {
                from: fill.from,
                to: fill.to,
                tile_index: real_tile_index,
            });
        }
    }

    #[inline(never)]
    fn init_point_queue(&mut self) {
        // Find MIN points.
        self.point_queue.clear();
        for (contour_index, contour) in self.outline.contours.iter().enumerate() {
            let contour_index = contour_index as u32;
            let mut cur_endpoint_index = 0;
            let mut prev_endpoint_index = contour.prev_endpoint_index_of(cur_endpoint_index);
            let mut next_endpoint_index = contour.next_endpoint_index_of(cur_endpoint_index);
            while cur_endpoint_index < next_endpoint_index {
                if contour.point_is_logically_above(cur_endpoint_index, prev_endpoint_index) &&
                        contour.point_is_logically_above(cur_endpoint_index, next_endpoint_index) {
                    self.point_queue.push(QueuedEndpoint {
                        point_index: PointIndex::new(contour_index, cur_endpoint_index),
                        y: contour.position_of(cur_endpoint_index).y,
                    });
                }

                prev_endpoint_index = cur_endpoint_index;
                cur_endpoint_index = next_endpoint_index;
                next_endpoint_index = contour.next_endpoint_index_of(cur_endpoint_index);
            }
        }
    }
}

fn process_active_segment(contour: &Contour,
                          from_endpoint_index: u32,
                          active_edges: &mut SortedVector<ActiveEdge>,
                          strip_bounds: &Rect<f32>,
                          fills: Option<&mut Vec<FillPrimitive>>,
                          used_tiles: &mut FixedBitSet) {
    let segment = contour.segment_after(from_endpoint_index);
    if segment.is_degenerate() {
        return
    }

    let strip_range = (strip_bounds.origin.x)..(strip_bounds.max_x());
    let mut segment = match segment.clip_x(strip_range.clone()) {
        Some(segment) => segment,
        None => return,
    };

    process_active_edge(&mut segment, &strip_bounds, fills, used_tiles);

    if !segment.is_none() {
        active_edges.push(ActiveEdge::new(segment));
    }
}

fn process_active_edge(active_edge: &mut Segment,
                       strip_bounds: &Rect<f32>,
                       mut fills: Option<&mut Vec<FillPrimitive>>,
                       used_tiles: &mut FixedBitSet) {
    let strip_extent = strip_bounds.bottom_right();

    // TODO(pcwalton): Maybe these shouldn't be Options?
    let (upper_segment, lower_segment) = active_edge.split_y(strip_extent.y);
    *active_edge = Segment::new();

    if let Some(segment) = upper_segment {
        if let Some(ref mut fills) = fills {
            segment.generate_fill_primitives(&strip_bounds.origin, *fills);
        }

        // FIXME(pcwalton): Assumes x-monotonicity!
        // FIXME(pcwalton): Don't hardcode a view box left of 0!
        let mut min_x = f32::min(segment.from.x, segment.to.x);
        let mut max_x = f32::max(segment.from.x, segment.to.x);
        min_x = clamp(min_x, 0.0, strip_extent.x);
        max_x = clamp(max_x, 0.0, strip_extent.x);
        let tile_left = f32::floor(min_x / TILE_WIDTH) * TILE_WIDTH;
        let tile_right = f32::ceil(max_x / TILE_WIDTH) * TILE_WIDTH;
        let left_tile_index = (tile_left - strip_bounds.origin.x) as u32 / TILE_WIDTH as u32;
        let right_tile_index = (tile_right - strip_bounds.origin.x) as u32 / TILE_WIDTH as u32;

        // Set used bits.
        for tile_index in left_tile_index..right_tile_index {
            used_tiles.insert(tile_index as usize);
        }
    }

    match lower_segment {
        Some(segment) => *active_edge = segment,
        None => *active_edge = Segment::new(),
    }
}

// Culling

#[inline(never)]
fn merge_and_cull_subscenes(subscenes: &[&BuiltScene]) -> BuiltScene {
    let mut scene = BuiltScene::new(Rect::zero(), 0);
    if subscenes.is_empty() {
        return scene;
    }

    let view_box = subscenes[0].view_box;
    scene.view_box = view_box;

    let scene_tile_origin = Point2D::new(f32::floor(view_box.origin.x / TILE_WIDTH) as i32,
                                         f32::floor(view_box.origin.y / TILE_HEIGHT) as i32);
    let scene_tile_lower_right = Point2D::new(f32::ceil(view_box.max_x() / TILE_WIDTH) as i32,
                                              f32::ceil(view_box.max_y() / TILE_HEIGHT) as i32);
    let scene_tile_size = Size2D::new(scene_tile_lower_right.x - scene_tile_origin.x,
                                      scene_tile_lower_right.y - scene_tile_origin.y).to_u32();

    let mut z_buffer = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(scene_tile_size.width as usize *
                                                  scene_tile_size.height as usize);

    let mut fill_next_indices: Vec<usize> =
        subscenes.iter().map(|subscene| subscene.fills.len()).collect();
    let mut mask_tile_next_indices: Vec<usize> =
        subscenes.iter().map(|subscene| subscene.mask_tiles.len()).collect();
    let mut solid_tile_next_indices: Vec<usize> =
        subscenes.iter().map(|subscene| subscene.solid_tiles.len()).collect();

    for object_index in (0..scene.path_count).rev() {
        // Find the subscene the object index belongs to.
        let mut subscene_index = (0..subscenes.len()).filter(|subscene_index| {
            let mask_tile_index = mask_tile_next_indices[subscene_index];
            let subscene = &subscenes[subscene_index];
            mask_tile_index > 0 &&
                subscene.mask_tiles[mask_tile_index - 1].object_index == object_index
        }).next();
        if subscene_index.is_none() {
            subscene_index = (0..subscenes.len()).filter(|subscene_index| {
                let solid_tile_index = solid_tile_next_indices[subscene_index];
                let subscene = &subscenes[subscene_index];
                solid_tile_index > 0 &&
                    subscene.solid_tiles[solid_tile_index - 1].object_index == object_index
            }).next();
        }

        // Look up that subscene.
        let subscene_index = subscene_index.unwrap();
        let subscene = &subscenes[subscene_index];

        let mut fill_next_index = fill_next_indices[subscene_index];
        let mut mask_tile_next_index = mask_tile_next_indices[subscene_index];
        let mut solid_tile_next_index = solid_tile_next_indices[subscene_index];

        let first_mask_tile_index = scene.mask_tiles.len();

        // Copy mask tiles, culling as appropriate.
        while mask_tile_next_index > 0 &&
                subscene.mask_tiles[mask_tile_next_index - 1].object_index == object_index {
            mask_tile_next_index -= 1;
            let mut tile = subscene.mask_tiles[mask_tile_next_index];
            let index = tile.tile_y as usize * scene_tile_size.width as usize +
                tile.tile_x as usize;
            let occluded = z_buffer[index];
            if occluded {
                tile.object_index = u32::MAX;
            }
            scene.mask_tiles.push(tile);
        }

        // Copy unoccluded solid tiles, updating the Z-buffer as necessary.
        while solid_tile_next_index > 0 &&
                subscene.solid_tiles[solid_tile_next_index - 1].object_index == object_index {
            solid_tile_next_index -= 1;
            let tile = subscene.solid_tiles[solid_tile_next_index];
            let index = tile.tile_y as usize * scene_tile_size.width as usize +
                tile.tile_x as usize;
            if z_buffer[index] {
                // Occluded.
                break;
            }
            z_buffer.insert(index);
            scene.solid_tiles.push(tile);
        }

        // Copy unoccluded fill primitives.
        while fill_next_index > 0 &&
                subscene.fills[fill_next_index - 1].mask_tile_index >= mask_tile_next_index {
            fill_next_index -= 1;
            let mut fill = subscene.fills[fill_next_index];
            fill.mask_tile_index = fill.mask_tile_index - mask_tile_next_index +
                first_mask_tile_index;
            if scene.mask_tiles[fill.mask_tile_index].object_index < u32::MAX {
                scene.fills.push(fill);
            }
        }

        // Update indices.
        fill_next_indices[subscene_index] = fill_next_index;
        mask_tile_next_indices[subscene_index] = mask_tile_next_index;
        solid_tile_next_indices[subscene_index] = solid_tile_next_index;
    }

    scene
}

// Primitives

#[derive(Debug)]
struct BuiltScene {
    path_count: u32,
    view_box: Rect<f32>,
    fills: Vec<FillPrimitive>,
    solid_tiles: Vec<SolidTilePrimitive>,
    mask_tiles: Vec<MaskTilePrimitive>,
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
struct FillPrimitive {
    from: Point2D<f32>,
    to: Point2D<f32>,
    mask_tile_index: u32,
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
struct SolidTilePrimitive {
    tile_x: i16,
    tile_y: i16,
    object_index: u32,
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
struct MaskTilePrimitive {
    tile_x: i16,
    tile_y: i16,
    object_index: u32,
    backdrop: f32,
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
struct ColorU {
    r: u8,
    g: u8,
    b: u8,
    a: u8,
}

impl BuiltScene {
    fn new(view_box: &Rect<f32>, path_count: u32) -> BuiltScene {
        BuiltScene {
            view_box: *view_box,
            path_count,
            fills: vec![],
            solid_tiles: vec![],
            mask_tiles: vec![],
        }
    }

    fn write<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> where W: Write {
        writer.write_all(b"RIFF")?;

        let header_size = 4 * 4;
        let fill_size = self.fills.len() * mem::size_of::<FillPrimitive>();
        let solid_tiles_size = self.solid_tiles.len() * mem::size_of::<SolidTilePrimitive>();
        let mask_tiles_size = self.mask_tiles.len() * mem::size_of::<MaskTilePrimitive>();
        writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>((4 +
                                          8 + header_size +
                                          8 + fill_size +
                                          8 + solid_tiles_size +
                                          8 + mask_tiles_size) as u32)?;

        writer.write_all(b"PF3S")?;

        writer.write_all(b"head")?;
        writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(header_size as u32)?;
        writer.write_f32::<LittleEndian>(self.view_box.origin.x)?;
        writer.write_f32::<LittleEndian>(self.view_box.origin.y)?;
        writer.write_f32::<LittleEndian>(self.view_box.size.width)?;
        writer.write_f32::<LittleEndian>(self.view_box.size.height)?;

        writer.write_all(b"fill")?;
        writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(fill_size as u32)?;
        for fill_primitive in &self.fills {
            write_point(writer, &fill_primitive.from)?;
            write_point(writer, &fill_primitive.to)?;
            writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(fill_primitive.tile_index)?;
        }

        writer.write_all(b"soli")?;
        writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(solid_tiles_size as u32)?;
        for &tile_primitive in &self.solid_tiles {
            writer.write_i16::<LittleEndian>(tile_primitive.tile_x)?;
            writer.write_i16::<LittleEndian>(tile_primitive.tile_y)?;
            writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(tile_primitive.object_index)?;
        }

        writer.write_all(b"mask")?;
        writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(mask_tiles_size as u32)?;
        for &tile_primitive in &self.mask_tiles {
            writer.write_i16::<LittleEndian>(tile_primitive.tile_x)?;
            writer.write_i16::<LittleEndian>(tile_primitive.tile_y)?;
            writer.write_f32::<LittleEndian>(tile_primitive.backdrop)?;
            writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(tile_primitive.object_index)?;
        }

        return Ok(());

        fn write_point<W>(writer: &mut W, point: &Point2D<f32>) -> io::Result<()> where W: Write {
            writer.write_f32::<LittleEndian>(point.x)?;
            writer.write_f32::<LittleEndian>(point.y)?;
            Ok(())
        }
    }
}

impl SolidTilePrimitive {
    fn new(tile_x: i16, tile_y: i16, object_index: u32) -> SolidTilePrimitive {
        SolidTilePrimitive { tile_x, tile_y, object_index }
    }
}

impl MaskTilePrimitive {
    fn new(tile_x: i16, tile_y: i16, object_index: u32) -> MaskTilePrimitive {
        MaskTilePrimitive { tile_x, tile_y, backdrop: 0.0, object_index }
    }
}

impl ColorU {
    fn black() -> ColorU {
        ColorU { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 255 }
    }

    fn from_svg_color(svg_color: SvgColor) -> ColorU {
        ColorU { r: svg_color.red, g: svg_color.green, b: svg_color.blue, a: 255 }
    }
}

// SVG stuff

struct SvgPathToPathEvents<'a, I> where I: Iterator<Item = SvgPathSegment> {
    iter: &'a mut I,
    last_endpoint: Point2D<f32>,
    last_ctrl_point: Option<Point2D<f32>>,
}

impl<'a, I> SvgPathToPathEvents<'a, I> where I: Iterator<Item = SvgPathSegment> {
    fn new(iter: &'a mut I) -> SvgPathToPathEvents<'a, I> {
        SvgPathToPathEvents { iter, last_endpoint: Point2D::zero(), last_ctrl_point: None }
    }
}

impl<'a, I> Iterator for SvgPathToPathEvents<'a, I> where I: Iterator<Item = SvgPathSegment> {
    type Item = PathEvent;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<PathEvent> {
        return match self.iter.next() {
            None => None,
            Some(SvgPathSegment::MoveTo { abs, x, y }) => {
                let to = compute_point(x, y, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                self.last_endpoint = to;
                self.last_ctrl_point = None;
                Some(PathEvent::MoveTo(to))
            }
            Some(SvgPathSegment::LineTo { abs, x, y }) => {
                let to = compute_point(x, y, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                self.last_endpoint = to;
                self.last_ctrl_point = None;
                Some(PathEvent::LineTo(to))
            }
            Some(SvgPathSegment::HorizontalLineTo { abs, x }) => {
                let to = compute_point(x, 0.0, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                self.last_endpoint = to;
                self.last_ctrl_point = None;
                Some(PathEvent::LineTo(to))
            }
            Some(SvgPathSegment::VerticalLineTo { abs, y }) => {
                let to = compute_point(0.0, y, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                self.last_endpoint = to;
                self.last_ctrl_point = None;
                Some(PathEvent::LineTo(to))
            }
            Some(SvgPathSegment::Quadratic { abs, x1, y1, x, y }) => {
                let ctrl = compute_point(x1, y1, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                self.last_ctrl_point = Some(ctrl);
                let to = compute_point(x, y, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                self.last_endpoint = to;
                Some(PathEvent::QuadraticTo(ctrl, to))
            }
            Some(SvgPathSegment::SmoothQuadratic { abs, x, y }) => {
                let ctrl = reflect_point(&self.last_endpoint, &self.last_ctrl_point);
                self.last_ctrl_point = Some(ctrl);
                let to = compute_point(x, y, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                self.last_endpoint = to;
                Some(PathEvent::QuadraticTo(ctrl, to))
            }
            Some(SvgPathSegment::CurveTo { abs, x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y }) => {
                let ctrl0 = compute_point(x1, y1, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                let ctrl1 = compute_point(x2, y2, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                self.last_ctrl_point = Some(ctrl1);
                let to = compute_point(x, y, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                self.last_endpoint = to;
                Some(PathEvent::CubicTo(ctrl0, ctrl1, to))
            }
            Some(SvgPathSegment::SmoothCurveTo { abs, x2, y2, x, y }) => {
                let ctrl0 = reflect_point(&self.last_endpoint, &self.last_ctrl_point);
                let ctrl1 = compute_point(x2, y2, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                self.last_ctrl_point = Some(ctrl1);
                let to = compute_point(x, y, abs, &self.last_endpoint);
                self.last_endpoint = to;
                Some(PathEvent::CubicTo(ctrl0, ctrl1, to))
            }
            Some(SvgPathSegment::ClosePath { abs: _ }) => {
                // FIXME(pcwalton): Current endpoint becomes path initial point!
                self.last_ctrl_point = None;
                Some(PathEvent::Close)
            }
            Some(SvgPathSegment::EllipticalArc { .. }) => unimplemented!("arcs"),
        };

        fn compute_point(x: f64, y: f64, abs: bool, last_endpoint: &Point2D<f32>)
                         -> Point2D<f32> {
            let point = Point2D::new(x, y).to_f32();
            if !abs {
                *last_endpoint + point.to_vector()
            } else {
                point
            }
        }

        fn reflect_point(last_endpoint: &Point2D<f32>, last_ctrl_point: &Option<Point2D<f32>>)
                         -> Point2D<f32> {
            match *last_ctrl_point {
                Some(ref last_ctrl_point) => {
                    let vector = *last_endpoint - *last_ctrl_point;
                    *last_endpoint + vector
                }
                None => *last_endpoint,
            }
        }
    }
}

// Monotonic conversion utilities

// TODO(pcwalton): I think we only need to be monotonic in Y, maybe?
struct MonotonicConversionIter<I> where I: Iterator<Item = PathEvent> {
    inner: I,
    buffer: Option<PathEvent>,
    last_point: Point2D<f32>,
}

impl<I> Iterator for MonotonicConversionIter<I> where I: Iterator<Item = PathEvent> {
    type Item = PathEvent;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<PathEvent> {
        if self.buffer.is_none() {
            match self.inner.next() {
                None => return None,
                Some(event) => self.buffer = Some(event),
            }
        }

        match self.buffer.take().unwrap() {
            PathEvent::MoveTo(to) => {
                self.last_point = to;
                Some(PathEvent::MoveTo(to))
            }
            PathEvent::LineTo(to) => {
                self.last_point = to;
                Some(PathEvent::LineTo(to))
            }
            PathEvent::CubicTo(ctrl0, ctrl1, to) => {
                let segment = CubicBezierSegment {
                    from: self.last_point,
                    ctrl1: ctrl0,
                    ctrl2: ctrl1,
                    to,
                };
                if segment.is_monotonic() {
                    self.last_point = to;
                    return Some(PathEvent::CubicTo(ctrl0, ctrl1, to))
                }
                // FIXME(pcwalton): O(n^2)!
                let mut t = None;
                segment.for_each_monotonic_t(|split_t| {
                    if t.is_none() {
                        t = Some(split_t)
                    }
                });
                let t = t.unwrap();
                if t_is_too_close_to_zero_or_one(t) {
                    self.last_point = to;
                    return Some(PathEvent::CubicTo(ctrl0, ctrl1, to))
                }
                let (prev, next) = segment.split(t);
                self.last_point = next.from;
                self.buffer = Some(PathEvent::CubicTo(next.ctrl1, next.ctrl2, next.to));
                return Some(PathEvent::CubicTo(prev.ctrl1, prev.ctrl2, prev.to));
            }
            PathEvent::QuadraticTo(ctrl, to) => {
                let segment = QuadraticBezierSegment { from: self.last_point, ctrl: ctrl, to };
                if segment.is_monotonic() {
                    self.last_point = to;
                    return Some(PathEvent::QuadraticTo(ctrl, to))
                }
                // FIXME(pcwalton): O(n^2)!
                let mut t = None;
                segment.for_each_monotonic_t(|split_t| {
                    if t.is_none() {
                        t = Some(split_t)
                    }
                });
                let t = t.unwrap();
                if t_is_too_close_to_zero_or_one(t) {
                    self.last_point = to;
                    return Some(PathEvent::QuadraticTo(ctrl, to))
                }
                let (prev, next) = segment.split(t);
                self.last_point = next.from;
                self.buffer = Some(PathEvent::QuadraticTo(next.ctrl, next.to));
                return Some(PathEvent::QuadraticTo(prev.ctrl, prev.to));
            }
            PathEvent::Close => Some(PathEvent::Close),
            PathEvent::Arc(a, b, c, d) => {
                // FIXME(pcwalton): Make these monotonic too.
                return Some(PathEvent::Arc(a, b, c, d))
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<I> MonotonicConversionIter<I> where I: Iterator<Item = PathEvent> {
    fn new(inner: I) -> MonotonicConversionIter<I> {
        MonotonicConversionIter {
            inner,
            buffer: None,
            last_point: Point2D::zero(),
        }
    }
}

// Path utilities

trait SolveT {
    fn sample(&self, t: f32) -> f32;
    fn sample_deriv(&self, t: f32) -> f32;

    // TODO(pcwalton): Use Brent's method.
    fn solve_for_t(&self, x: f32) -> Option<f32> {
        const MAX_ITERATIONS: u32 = 64;
        const TOLERANCE: f32 = 0.001;

        let (mut min, mut max) = (0.0, 1.0);
        let (mut x_min, x_max) = (self.sample(min) - x, self.sample(max) - x);
        if (x_min < 0.0 && x_max < 0.0) || (x_min > 0.0 && x_max > 0.0) {
            return None
        }

        let mut iteration = 0;
        loop {
            let mid = lerp(min, max, 0.5);
            if iteration >= MAX_ITERATIONS || (max - min) * 0.5 < TOLERANCE {
                return Some(mid)
            }

            let x_mid = self.sample(mid) - x;
            if x_mid == 0.0 {
                return Some(mid)
            }

            if (x_min < 0.0 && x_mid < 0.0) || (x_min > 0.0 && x_mid > 0.0) {
                min = mid;
                x_min = x_mid;
            } else {
                max = mid;
            }

            iteration += 1;
        }
    }
}

// FIXME(pcwalton): This is probably dumb and inefficient.
struct LineAxis { from: f32, to: f32 }
impl LineAxis {
    fn from_x(segment: &LineSegment<f32>) -> LineAxis {
        LineAxis { from: segment.from.x, to: segment.to.x }
    }
    fn from_y(segment: &LineSegment<f32>) -> LineAxis {
        LineAxis { from: segment.from.y, to: segment.to.y }
    }
}
impl SolveT for LineAxis {
    fn sample(&self, t: f32) -> f32 {
        lerp(self.from, self.to, t)
    }
    fn sample_deriv(&self, _: f32) -> f32 {
        self.to - self.from
    }
}

struct QuadraticAxis { from: f32, ctrl: f32, to: f32 }
impl QuadraticAxis {
    fn from_x(segment: &QuadraticBezierSegment<f32>) -> QuadraticAxis {
        QuadraticAxis { from: segment.from.x, ctrl: segment.ctrl.x, to: segment.to.x }
    }
    fn from_y(segment: &QuadraticBezierSegment<f32>) -> QuadraticAxis {
        QuadraticAxis { from: segment.from.y, ctrl: segment.ctrl.y, to: segment.to.y }
    }
}
impl SolveT for QuadraticAxis {
    fn sample(&self, t: f32) -> f32 {
        lerp(lerp(self.from, self.ctrl, t), lerp(self.ctrl, self.to, t), t)
    }
    fn sample_deriv(&self, t: f32) -> f32 {
        2.0 * lerp(self.ctrl - self.from, self.to - self.ctrl, t)
    }
}

struct CubicAxis { from: f32, ctrl0: f32, ctrl1: f32, to: f32 }
impl CubicAxis {
    fn from_x(segment: &CubicBezierSegment<f32>) -> CubicAxis {
        CubicAxis {
            from: segment.from.x,
            ctrl0: segment.ctrl1.x,
            ctrl1: segment.ctrl2.x,
            to: segment.to.x,
        }
    }
    fn from_y(segment: &CubicBezierSegment<f32>) -> CubicAxis {
        CubicAxis {
            from: segment.from.y,
            ctrl0: segment.ctrl1.y,
            ctrl1: segment.ctrl2.y,
            to: segment.to.y,
        }
    }
}
impl SolveT for CubicAxis {
    fn sample(&self, t: f32) -> f32 {
        // FIXME(pcwalton): Use Horner's method or something.
        let p01 = lerp(self.from, self.ctrl0, t);
        let p12 = lerp(self.ctrl0, self.ctrl1, t);
        let p23 = lerp(self.ctrl1, self.to, t);
        let (p012, p123) = (lerp(p01, p12, t), lerp(p12, p23, t));
        lerp(p012, p123, t)
    }
    fn sample_deriv(&self, t: f32) -> f32 {
        let inv_t = 1.0 - t;
        3.0 * inv_t * inv_t * (self.ctrl0 - self.from) +
            6.0 * inv_t * t * (self.ctrl1 - self.ctrl0) +
            3.0 * t * t * (self.to - self.ctrl1)
    }
}

// SortedVector

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct SortedVector<T> where T: PartialOrd {
    array: Vec<T>,
}

impl<T> SortedVector<T> where T: PartialOrd {
    fn new() -> SortedVector<T> {
        SortedVector { array: vec![] }
    }

    fn push(&mut self, value: T) {
        self.array.push(value);
        let mut index = self.array.len() - 1;
        while index > 0 {
            index -= 1;
            if self.array[index] <= self.array[index + 1] {
                break
            }
            self.array.swap(index, index + 1);
        }
    }

    fn peek(&self) -> Option<&T>   { self.array.last()     }
    fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> { self.array.pop()      }
    fn clear(&mut self)            { self.array.clear()    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool     { self.array.is_empty() }
}

// Queued endpoints

#[derive(PartialEq)]
struct QueuedEndpoint {
    point_index: PointIndex,
    y: f32,
}

impl Eq for QueuedEndpoint {}

impl PartialOrd<QueuedEndpoint> for QueuedEndpoint {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &QueuedEndpoint) -> Option<Ordering> {
        // NB: Reversed!
        (other.y, other.point_index).partial_cmp(&(self.y, self.point_index))
    }
}

// Active edges

#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
struct ActiveEdge {
    segment: Segment,
}

impl ActiveEdge {
    fn new(segment: Segment) -> ActiveEdge {
        ActiveEdge { segment }
    }
}

impl PartialOrd<ActiveEdge> for ActiveEdge {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &ActiveEdge) -> Option<Ordering> {
        // NB: Reversed!
        let this_x = if self.segment.from.y < self.segment.to.y {
            self.segment.from.x
        } else {
            self.segment.to.x
        };
        let other_x = if other.segment.from.y < other.segment.to.y {
            other.segment.from.x
        } else {
            other.segment.to.x
        };
        this_x.partial_cmp(&other_x)
    }
}

// Trivial utilities

fn lerp(a: f32, b: f32, t: f32) -> f32 {
    a + (b - a) * t
}

fn clamp(x: f32, min: f32, max: f32) -> f32 {
    f32::max(f32::min(x, max), min)
}

fn t_is_too_close_to_zero_or_one(t: f32) -> bool {
    const EPSILON: f32 = 0.001;

    t < EPSILON || t > 1.0 - EPSILON
}

// Testing

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use crate::SortedVector;
    use quickcheck;

    #[test]
    fn test_sorted_vec() {
        quickcheck::quickcheck(prop_sorted_vec as fn(Vec<i32>) -> bool);

        fn prop_sorted_vec(mut values: Vec<i32>) -> bool {
            let mut sorted_vec = SortedVector::new();
            for &value in &values {
                sorted_vec.push(value)
            }

            values.sort();
            let mut results = Vec::with_capacity(values.len());
            while !sorted_vec.is_empty() {
                results.push(sorted_vec.pop().unwrap());
            }
            results.reverse();
            assert_eq!(&values, &results);

            true
        }
    }
}